NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Founding of Rome

The founding of Rome is reported by many legends, which in recent times are beginning to be supplemented by more scientific reconstructions. Image File history File links She-wolf_suckles_Romulus_and_Remus. ... Image File history File links She-wolf_suckles_Romulus_and_Remus. ... Romulus (c. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,500 kmÂ² (580 sq mi...

Virgil's Aeneid is an important source for information about those early times or, at least, the versions of myth-historical events current in the Augustan period. A sculpture of Virgil, probably from the 1st century AD. It should be possible to replace this fair use image with a freely licensed one. ... The Aeneid (IPA English pronunciation: ; in Latin Aeneis, pronounced â€” the title is Greek in form: genitive case Aeneidos): is a Latin epic written by Virgil in the 1st century BC (between 29 and 19 BC) that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy where he...

Between the 10th and 8th centuries BC, the main population of central Italy consisted of two main groups of Italic peoples, the Osco-Umbri and Latins. Latium Vetus was the ancient territory of the Latins (now southern Lazio). Nearby were the Volscians, Sabines, Aequi, Rutuli, and Ausonians. North of Rome were the non-Indo-European Etruscans. Anthem: Il Canto degli Italiani (also known as Fratelli dItalia) Capital (and largest city) Rome Italian1 Government Republic - President Giorgio Napolitano - Prime Minister Romano Prodi Formation - Unification 17 March 1861 - Republic 2 June 1946 Accession to EU March 25, 1957 (founding member) Area - Total 301,318 kmÂ² (71st) 116... The Latins were an ancient Italic people of Latium Vetus (Old Latium), who migrated to the area in the 8th or 9th centuries B.C. from the north [citation needed]. Although they lived in independent city-states, the Latins had a common language (Latin), common religious beliefs and a close... The Volsci were an ancient Italian people, well known in the history of the first century of the Roman Republic. ... Sabine (in Latin and in Italian, Sabina) is a sub-region of Latium, Italy, on the North-East of Rome toward Rieti. ... The Aequi were an ancient people of Italy, whose name occurs constantly in Livys first decade as hostile to Rome in the first three centuries of the citys existence. ... The Rutuli were members of a legendary Italian tribe. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ... The Etruscan civilization existed in Etruria and the Po valley in the northern part of what is now Italy, prior to the formation of the Roman Republic. ...

The Latins developed an organized society, which was the main source of the people who settled Rome. The Latins originally stayed in Colli Albani (the Alban hills, modern Castelli – 20-50 miles (30-80 km) southeast of the Capitoline hill); later, they moved down towards the valleys, which provided better land for animal breeding and agriculture.

The area around the Tiber river was particularly advantageous and also offered notable strategic resources, as the river was a natural border on one side, while the hills could provide a safe defensive position on the other side. This position would also have enabled the Latins to control the river (and commercial or military traffic on it), from the natural observation point at Isola Tiberina (the island facing modern Trastevere). Moreover, road traffic could also be controlled, since Rome was at the intersection of the principal roads to the sea coming from Sabinum (in the northeast) and Etruria (to the northwest). Tiber River in Rome The Tiber (Italian Tevere, Latin Tiberis), the third-longest river in Italy at 406 km (252 miles) after the Po and the Adige, flows through Rome in its course from Mount Fumaiolo to the Tyrrhenian Sea, which it reaches in two branches that cross the suburbs... Logo of the rione A typical narrow alley in Trastevere seen from the lower slopes of the Gianicolo hill Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere at night Trastevere is rione XIII of Rome, on the west bank of the Tiber, south of Vatican City. ... The area covered by the Etruscan civilzation. ...

The development of the town is presumed to have started from the development of separate small villages, located on top of hills, which joined together to form Rome.

Although recent studies suggest that the Quirinal hill was very important in ancient times, the first hill to be inhabited seems to have been the Palatine (therefore confirming the legend), which is also at the center of ancient Rome. Its three peaks, minor hills (Palatium, Cermalus or Germalus, and Velia) united with the three peaks of the Esquiline (Oppius, Cispius and Fagutal), and then villages on the Caelian hill and Suburra (between modern Rione Monti and the Oppius hill) joined them. An etching of the Hill, crowned by the mass of the Palazzo del Quirinale, from a series I Sette Colli di Roma antica e moderna published in 1827 by Luigi Rossini (1790 - 1857): his view, from the roof of the palazzo near the Trevi Fountain that now houes the Accademia...

These hills had expressive names: Caelian was called Querquetulanus, from oaks (quercus), while Fagutal points to beech-woods. Recent discoveries reveal that the Germalus, on the northern part of the Palatine, was the site of a village (dated to the 9th century BC) with circular or elliptic dwellings. It was protected by a clay wall (perhaps reinforced with wood), and it is likely that this is where Rome was really founded.

The territory of this federation was surrounded by a sacred border called the pomerium, which enclosed the so-called Roma Quadrata (Square Rome). This would have been extended with the inclusion of the Capitoline hill and Tiber island at the time Rome became an oppidum or fortified town. The Esquiline still was a satellite village that would be included at the time of the Servian expansion of Rome. An oppidum (pl: oppida) was Latin for the main settlement in any administrative area of the Roman Empire. ...

Festivals for the Septimontium (literally "of the seven hills"), on December 11, were in the past considered related to the foundation. However, as April 21 is the only datum for foundation upon which all the legends agree, it has been recently argued that Septimontium was likely to have actually celebrated the first federations among Roman hills: a similar federation was, in fact, celebrated by the Latins at Cave (a village southeast of Rome) or at Monte Cavo (in Castelli). The Septmontium was a Roman festival of the seven mountains of Rome, which was celebrated in September, near the seven mountains, within the walls of the city; they sacrificed seven times in seven different places; and on that day the emperors were very liberal to the people. ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... Cave is town and commune in the Lazio region of Italy, 42 km southeast of Rome. ... Castelli may refer to a number of places Argentina Castelli city, Buenos Aires Province Italy Castelli, in the province of Teramo Castelli Calepio, in the province of Bergamo Carlo Castelli, a communal leader of the commune of Budrio, Italy Family Benedetto Castelli, (1577 - 1643) Naturwissenschaftler David Castelli ([1]) Ignaz Franz...

The legend

Aeneas and Julus

The defeated army of Troy crossed the Mediterranean Sea on the orders of prince Aeneas, to reach the Latin coast. Here they were considered to have landed in an area between modern Anzio and Fiumicino, southwest of Rome. Most commonly it is supposed that they landed at Laurentum (or Larentum); other versions say that they landed at Lavinium, a place named for Latinus' daughter Lavinia. Download high resolution version (1050x729, 119 KB)Federico Barocci, Aeneas Flight from Troy 1598 Galleria Borghese, Rome The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus... Download high resolution version (1050x729, 119 KB)Federico Barocci, Aeneas Flight from Troy 1598 Galleria Borghese, Rome The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus... The Villa Borghese Pinciana (begun 1605) houses the Galleria Borghese. ... Walls of the excavated city of Troy Troy (Greek: Î¤ÏÎ¿Î¯Î± [Troia], also ÎŠÎ»Î¹Î¿Î½ [Ilion], Latin: Troia, Ilium) is a legendary city and center of the Trojan War, as described in the Epic Cycle, and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. ... For the oceanographic term, see Mediterranean sea (oceanography). ... Aeneas flees burning Troy, Federico Barocci, 1598. ... Anzio (2003 pop. ... Fiumicino is an Italian town, in which Leornardo Da Vinci airport is located. ... Lavinium was an ancient Roman city of the Latium, said to have been named by Aeneas in honor of Lavinia, daughter of Latinus, king of the Latins, and his wife, Amata. ... Latinus or Latinos in Greek mythology, in Hesiods Theogony, was the son of Odysseus and Circe who ruled the Tyrsenoi, that is the Etruscans, with his brothers Agrius and Telegonus. ... In Roman mythology, Lavinia was the daughter of Latinus and Amata. ...

King Procas was the father of Numitor and Amulius. At Procas' death, Numitor became king of Albalonga, but Amulius captured him and sent him to prison; he also forced Rea Silvia (Numitor's daughter) to become a priestess of the Vestan cult. For many years Amulius was then the king. In Roman mythology, King Procas of Alba Longa was the father of Amulius and Numitor. ... In Roman mythology, King Numitor of Alba Longa, son of Procas, was the father of Rhea Silvia. ... In Roman mythology, Amulius was the brother of Numitor and son of Procas. ...

Gods and priestesses

According to myth Mars had two sons with Rea Silvia, a priestess devoted to the sacred cult of Vesta. (The name Rea Silvia (often written Rhea Silvia) suggests a minor deity, a demi-goddess of forests. Silva means woods or forest, and rea may be related to res and regum. Rhea was also the mother of Zeus, later renamed Jupiter by the Romans.) Image of Mars/Ares from the Villa Hadriana. ... Rhea Sylvia (also written as Rea Silvia), and also known as Ilia, was the mythical mother of the twins Romulus and Remus, who founded the city of Rome. ... Vesta was the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman mythology, analogous to Hestia in Greek mythology. ... Rhea Sylvia (also written as Rea Silvia), and also known as Ilia, was the mythical mother of the twins Romulus and Remus, who founded the city of Rome. ... The Statue of Zeus at Olympia Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall statue of Zeus at Olympia about 435 BC. The statue was perhaps the most famous sculpture in Ancient Greece, imagined here in a 16th century engraving Zeus (in Greek: nominative: Î–ÎµÏÏ‚ ZeÃºs, genitive: Î”Î¹ÏŒÏ‚ DÃos), is... Adjective Jovian Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 70 kPa Hydrogen ~86% Helium ~14% Methane 0. ...

Romulus and Remus

Evolution of the legend

One of the earliest versions (5th century BC) is by the Mitylene Greek Hellanicus of Lesbos, and is usually reported together with the version by Damastes from Sigeum. In this version the founder of the village was Aeneas (in a lesser version Ascanius (Iulus)). At some point it was realised that, since there had been seven Roman kings and Romulus was the first of them, there was a gap between the 8th century of the first kings and the 12th century BC (the supposed date of the destruction of Troy). So as Romulus could not be the son of Iulus, he came to be regarded as a distant descendant. The gap was "filled" with a series of kings of Alba Longa. Aeneas would have landed on Latium's coast during the reign of Latinus (king of the Latins), in order to find a compromise with local legends. Romulus' mother Rea Silvia was connected with Aeneas via the Albalonga dynasty. The condemnation of Rea Silvia's sons is only one among the many recollections of the divine laws, of the religion that so deeply entered Roman life. Hellanicus of Lesbos (in Ancient Greek Hellanicós) (born in Mytilene on the isle of Lesbos in 490 BC) was an ancient Greek logographer who flourished during the latter half of the 5th century BC. He is reputed to have lived to the age of 85. ... In Greek mythology, Procrustes (the stretcher), also known as Damastes (subduer) and Polypemon (harming much), was a bandit from Attica. ... Ascanius Hunting the Stag of Silvia, by Claude Lorrain (1682). ... In Greek and Roman mythology, Ascanius was a son of Aeneas and Creusa. ... There were seven traditional Kings of Rome before the establishment of the Roman Republic. ... Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ... Walls of the excavated city of Troy Troy (Greek: Î¤ÏÎ¿Î¯Î± [Troia], also ÎŠÎ»Î¹Î¿Î½ [Ilion], Latin: Troia, Ilium) is a legendary city and center of the Trojan War, as described in the Epic Cycle, and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. ... Alba Longa (in Italian sources occasionally written Albalonga) was an ancient city of Latium, in the Alban Hills founder and head of the Latin Confederation; it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. // Legendary history According to legend Alba Longa was founded by Ascanius or...

Bust, traditionally thought to be Seneca, now identified by some as Hesiod. ... In Greek mythology, Agrius was a son of Parthaon, King of Calydon. ... Latinus or Latinos in Greek mythology, in Hesiods Theogony, was the son of Odysseus and Circe who ruled the Tyrsenoi, that is the Etruscans, with his brothers Agrius and Telegonus. ... In Greek mythology, Telegonus (born afar) was the youngest son of Circe and Odysseus. ... Head of Odysseus from a Greek 2nd century BC marble group representing Odysseus blinding Polyphemus, found at the villa of Tiberius at Sperlonga Odysseus (Greek Odusseus), pronounced Å-dÃss-ee-uhs, is the main hero in Homers epic poem, the Odyssey and plays a key role in Homers... Circe, a painting by Edward Burne-Jones. ... Circeius Mons (mod. ... Saturn devouring his son (Francisco de Goya, c. ... Jupiter et ThÃ©tis - by Jean Ingres, 1811. ... Arcadia or ArkadÃa (Greek Î‘ÏÎºÎ±Î´Î¯Î±; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. ... For other uses, see Hercules (disambiguation). ...

The date of the founding of Rome

During the Roman republic, several dates were given for the founding of the city, all in the interval between 758 BC and 728 BC. Finally, under the Roman empire the date suggested by Marcus Terentius Varro (753 BC) was agreed upon, but in the Fasti Capitolini the year given was 752. While the years varied, all versions agreed that the city was founded on April 21, day of the festival sacred to Pales, goddess of shepherds; in her honour, Rome celebrated the Parilia (or Palilia). (It is to be noted, however, that the Roman Ab Urbe Condita (or a.u.c.) calendar begins with Varro's dating of 753 BC.) Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC - 720s BC - 710s BC 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC Events and Trends 728 BC - Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis and receives the submission of the rulers... The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Marcus Terentius Varro ([[116 BC]–27 BC), also known as Varro Reatinus to distinguish him from his contemporary Varro Atacinus, was a Roman scholar and writer, who the Romans came to call the most learned of all the Romans. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... In Roman mythology, Pales was the goddess of shepherds, flocks and livestock. ... Ab urbe condita (related with Anno urbis conditae: AUC or a. ...

According to legend, the foundation of Rome took place 437 years after the capture of Troy (1182 BC), according to Velleius Paterculus (VIII, 5). It took place shortly before an eclipse of the sun; some have identified this eclipse as one observed at Rome on June 25, 745 BC, which had a magnitude of 50.3%. Varro may have used the consular list with its mistakes, calling the year of the first consuls "245 ab urbe condita" (a.u.c.). Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,500 kmÂ² (580 sq mi... Walls of the excavated city of Troy Troy (Greek: Î¤ÏÎ¿Î¯Î± [Troia], also ÎŠÎ»Î¹Î¿Î½ [Ilion], Latin: Troia, Ilium) is a legendary city and center of the Trojan War, as described in the Epic Cycle, and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. ... (Redirected from 1182 BC) Centuries: 13th century BC - 12th century BC - 11th century BC Decades: 1230s BC 1220s BC 1210s BC 1200s BC 1190s BC - 1180s BC - 1170s BC 1160s BC 1150s BC 1140s BC 1130s BC Events and Trends April 24 1184 BC - Traditional date of the fall of... Marcus Velleius Paterculus (c. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC - 740s BC - 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC 690s BC Events and Trends February 26 747 BC - Nabonassar becomes king of Assyria 747 BC - Meles becomes king... Ab urbe condita (related with Anno urbis conditae: AUC or a. ...

According to Lucius Tarrutius of Firmum, Romulus was conceived on the 23rd day of the Egyptian month Choiac, at the time of a total eclipse of the sun. This eclipse occurred on June 15, 763 BC, with a magnitude of 62.5% at Rome. Its beginning took place at 6:49, its middle at 7:47 and its end at 8:51. He was born on the 21st day of the month of Thoth. The first day of Thoth fell on 2 March in that year (Prof. E. J. Bickerman, 1980: 115). That implies that Rhea Silvia's pregnancy lasted for 281 days. Rome was founded on the ninth day of the month Pharmuthi, which was April 21, as universally agreed. The Romans add that, about the time Romulus started to build the city, an eclipse of the Sun was observed by Antimachus, the Teian poet, on the 30th day of the lunar month. This eclipse (see above) had a magnitude of 54.6% at Teos, Asia Minor. Romulus vanished in the 54th year of his life, on the Nones of Quintilis (July), on a day when the Sun was darkened. The day turned into night, which sudden darkness was believed to be an eclipse of the Sun. It occurred on July 17, 709 BC, with a magnitude of 93.7%. (All these eclipse data have been calculated by Prof. Aurél Ponori-Thewrewk, retired director of the Planetarium of Budapest.) Plutarch placed it in the 37th year from the foundation of Rome, on the fifth of our month July, then called Quintilis, on "Caprotine Nones". Livy (I, 21) also states that Romulus ruled for 37 years. He was slain by the Senate or disappeared in the 38th year of his reign. Most of these have been recorded by Plutarch (Lives of Romulus, Numa Pompilius and Camillus), Florus (Book I, I), Cicero (The Republic VI, 22: Scipio's Dream), Dio (Dion) Cassius and Dionysius of Halicarnassus (L. 2). Dio in his Roman History (Book I) confirms these data by telling that Romulus was in his 18th year of age when he founded Rome. Therefore, three eclipse records indicate that Romulus reigned from 746 BC to 709 BC. Surprisingly this is very close to the calculation of the founding given by Rome's first native historical writer Quintus Fabius Pictor, who wrote that Rome was founded in the first year of the eighth Olympiad, 747 BC (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Book 1, ch. 74,2). Romulus (c. ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 810s BC 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC - 760s BC - 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC Events and Trends June 15 763 BC - A solar eclipse at this date is used to fix... , or , or [1] Thoth (Ramesseum, Luxor) Thoth, a Greek name derived from the Egyptian * (djih-how-tee) (written by Egyptians as ) was considered one of the most important deities of the Egyptian pantheon. ... March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Rhea Sylvia (also written as Rea Silvia), and also known as Ilia, was the mythical mother of the twins Romulus and Remus, who founded the city of Rome. ... April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... Antimachus, of Colophon or Claros, Greek poet and grammarian, flourished about 400 BC. Scarcely anything is known of his life. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC - 700s BC - 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC Events and Trends 708 BC - Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in southern Italy. ... Nickname: Paris of the East, Pearl of the Danubeor Queen of the Danube Location of Budapest in Hungary Country Hungary County Pest Mayor GÃ¡bor Demszky (SZDSZ) Area - City 525,16 kmÂ² - Land n/a kmÂ² - Water n/a kmÂ² Population - City (2006) 1,695,000 - Density 3570/km... A portrait of Titus Livius made long after his death. ... Plutarch Mestrius Plutarchus (Greek: Î Î»Î¿ÏÏ„Î±ÏÏ‡Î¿Ï‚; 46- 127), better known in English as Plutarch, was an Hellenistic historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist. ... Florus, Roman historian, flourished in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. ... Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA: ; Classical pronunciation: ; January 3, 106 BC â€“ December 7, 43 BC) was an orator, statesman, political theorist, lawyer and philosopher of Ancient Rome. ... Dio Cassius Cocceianus (c. ... Dionysius Halicarnassensis (of Halicarnassus), Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, flourished during the reign of Augustus. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC - 740s BC - 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC 690s BC Events and Trends February 26 747 BC - Nabonassar becomes king of Assyria 747 BC - Meles becomes king... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC - 700s BC - 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC Events and Trends 708 BC - Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in southern Italy. ... Quintus Fabius Pictor (c. ... An Olympiad is a period of four years, associated with the Olympic Games. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC - 740s BC - 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC 690s BC Events and Trends February 26 747 BC - Nabonassar becomes king of Assyria 747 BC - Meles becomes king...

In the modern period debate has raged over the validity of the stories of Rome's foundation. Scholars have supported both extremes—those who want to believe nothing of the legend, and those who want to believe the legend wholeheartedly without skepticism. Archaeology offers the best chance of sorting out the debate, and indeed recent discoveries on the Palatine Hill in Rome have offered some tantalizing pieces of evidence. Chief among these is a series of fortification walls on the north slope of the Palatine Hill that can be dated to the middle of the 8th century B.C., precisely the time when legend says Romulus plowed a furrow (sulcus) around the Palatine in order to mark the boundary of his new city. The remains of the wall, and other evidence, has been discovered by the excavations of Andrea Carandini. 17th century aviaries on the hill, built by Rainaldi for Odoardo Cardinal Farnese: once wirework cages surmounted them. ... Andrea Carandini (b. ...

The name of Rome

The name of the town is generally considered to refer to Romulus, but there are other hypotheses. Some have suggested an Etruscan word, "rhome", meaning "hard". Another one of them refers it to Roma, who should have been the daughter of Aeneas or Evander. Current studies seem to prefer a provenance from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "river"; Rome would then mean "the town on the river". The Basque scholar Manuel de Larramendi thought that the origin was the Basque word orma (modern Basque horma), "wall". This coin struck under Philip the Arab to celebrate Saeculum Novum bears, on the reverse, a temple devoted to the goddess Roma In Roman mythology, Roma was a deity personifying the Roman state, or an personification in art of the city of Rome (as seen on the column of Antoninus... The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages. ...

Rome is also the Urbs, and this name (that in later Latin generically meant any town) comes from urvus, the furrow cut by a plough – in this case, by that of Romulus. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

On the Capitoline hill, at noon on April 21 every year, a special bell called Patarina rings from the Campidoglio to commemorate the founding of Rome. On that occasion, the famous cannon of Gianicolo remains silent, the only day in the year on which it does not sound. April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... Janiculum (Gianicolo in Italian) is a hill in western Rome. ...

External links

Categories: Articles lacking sources from June 2006 | All articles lacking sources | Roman mythology Theodor Mommsen Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817â€“1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar and historian, generally regarded as the greatest classicist of the 19th century. ... A simplified plan of the city of Rome from the 15th-century illuminated manuscript TrÃ¨s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... The Roman Kingdom (Latin: Regnum Romanum) was the monarchal government for the city of Rome and its territories from its founding. ... See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). ... The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... The Western Roman Empire is the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... Romulus Augustus was deposed as Western Roman Emperor in 476 while still young. ...

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