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The Fourth Geneva Convention ("GCIV") relates to the protection of civilians during times of war "in the hands" of an enemy and under any occupation by a foreign power.
This should not be confused with the more common Third Geneva Convention which deals with the treatment of Prisoners of war.
Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (available at Wikisource).
Fourth is a goal of collapsing the enemy internally rather than physically destroying him.
Fourth generation adversaries will be adept at manipulating the media to alter domestic and world opinion to the point where skillful use of psychological operations will sometimes preclude the commitment of combat forces.
This is not to say that terrorism is fourth generation warfare, but rather that elements of it may be signs pointing toward a fourth generation.