{toxri coxa ki zaki| color = lightgreen | name = Foxtail millet | image = Setaria italica0.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Immature seedhead | regnum = Plantae | divisio = Magnoliophyta | classis = Liliopsida | ordo = Poales | familia = Poaceae | subfamilia = Panicoideae | genus = Setaria | species = S. italica | binomial = Setaria italica | binomial_authority = (L.) P. Beauv. | synonyms = Panicum italicum L.
Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. }} Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Liliopsida is the botanical name for a class. ... families see text Poales is a botanical name at the rank of order. ... Subfamilies There are 7 subfamilies: Subfamily Arundinoideae Subfamily Bambusoideae Subfamily Centothecoideae Subfamily Chloridoideae Subfamily Panicoideae Subfamily Pooideae Subfamily Stipoideae The true grasses are monocotyledonous plants (Class Liliopsida) in the Family Poaceae, also known as Gramineae. ... Subdivisions See text Panicoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family. ... Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician, zoologist and gay rights campaigner[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...

Foxtail millet (botanic name Setaria italica) is the second most widely planted species of millet, and the most important in East Asia. It has the longest history of cultivation among the millets, having been grown in China since sometime in the sixth millennium BC. Other names for foxtail millet include Italian millet, German millet, Chinese millet, and Hungarian millet. Pearl millet in the field The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. ... East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... During the 6th millennium BC, agriculture spreads from the Balkans to Italy and Eastern Europe and from Mesopotamia to Egypt. ...

Foxtail millet has slim, vertical, leafy stems, and can reach a height of 120-200 cm. The seedhead is a dense, hairy panicle 5-30 cm long. The seeds, around 2 mm in diameter, are encased in a thin, papery hull which is easily removed in threshing. Seed color varies greatly between varieties. White-fruited Rowan (Sorbus glabrescens) corymb; note the branched structures holding the fruits. ... Threshing is the process of beating cereal plants in order to separate the seeds or grains from the straw. ...

Common names for Foxtail millet

• In India: Tinai(Tamil), Korralu (Telugu)

Cultivation

Foxtail millet

In China, foxtail millet is the most common millet and one of the main food crops, especially among the poor in the dry northern part of that country. In Europe and North America it is planted at a moderate scale for hay and silage, and to a more limited extent for birdseed. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 542 pixelsFull resolution (1500 × 1017 pixel, file size: 216 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Setaria italica Credit: Mark Nesbitt and Delwen Samuel File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 542 pixelsFull resolution (1500 × 1017 pixel, file size: 216 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Setaria italica Credit: Mark Nesbitt and Delwen Samuel File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... A birdfeeder, bird feeder, or bird table is a device placed out-of-doors to supply food to birds. ...

It is a warm season crop, typically planted in late spring. Harvest for hay or silage can be made in 65-70 days (typical yield is 15,000-20,000 kg/ha of green matter or 3,000-4,000 kg/ha of hay), and for grain in 75-90 days (typical yield is 800-900 kg/ha of grain). Its early maturity and efficient use of available water make it suitable for raising in dry areas. Stacked hay in Romania A bale of grass hay weighing approximately 70 pounds, able to be managed by one person without need for mechanized equipment Close view of grass hay. ... Silage (hay) somewhere in Allschwil or Schönenbuch, near Basel, Switzerland. ... This article is about cereals in general. ...

Diseases of foxtail millet include leaf and head blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea, smut disease caused by Ustilago crameri, and green ear caused by Sclerospora graminicola. The unharvested crop is also susceptible to attack by birds and rodents. Binomial name Magnaporthe grisea (T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr Synonyms Pyricularia grisea Magnaporthe grisea, also commonly know as rice blast fungus, is a plant-pathogenic fungus that causes a disease affecting rice, and can also infect a number of other agriculturally important cereals including wheat, rye and barley, causing... The smuts are fungi, mostly Ustilaginomycetes (of the class Teliomycetae, subphylum Basidiomycota), that cause plant disease. ... “Aves” redirects here. ... Suborders Sciuromorpha Castorimorpha Myomorpha Anomaluromorpha Hystricomorpha Rodentia is an order of mammals also known as rodents. ...

History and domestication

The wild antecedent of foxtail millet has been securely identified as Setaria viridis, which is interfertile with foxtail millet; wild or weedy forms of foxtail millet also exist. Zohary and Hopf note that the primary difference between the wild and cultivated forms is "their seed dispersal biology. Wild and weedy forms shatter their seed while the cultivars retain them."^[1] The earliest evidence of the cultivation of this grain comes from the Peiligang culture of China, which also cultivated the common millet, but foxtail millet became the predominant grain only with the Yangshao culture.^[2] The Peiligang culture (裴李崗文化) is a name given by archaeologists to a group of Neolithic communities who lived in the Yiluo river valley in Henan Province, China. ... Binomial name Panicum miliaceum L. Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) is also known as common millet, broom corn, hog millet or white millet. ... Yangshao culture (仰韶文化) was a Neolithic culture that existed extensively along the central Yellow River in China. ...

Foxtail millet arrived in Europe later; carbonized seeds first appear in the second millennium BC in central Europe. The earliest definite evidence for its cultivation in the Near East is at the Iron Age levels at Tille Hoyuk in Turkey, with an uncorrected radiocarbon date of about 600 BC.^[3] (3rd millennium BC – 2nd millennium BC – 1st millennium BC – other millennia) Events Second dynasty of Babylon First Bantu migrations from west Africa The Cushites drive the original inhabitants from Ethiopia, and establish trade relations with Egypt. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... Carbon-14 is the radioactive isotope of carbon discovered February 27, 1940, by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC 550s BC Events and Trends Fall of the Assyrian Empire and Rise of Babylon 609 BC _ King Josiah...

Notes

1. ^ Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf, Domestication of plants in the Old World, third edition (Oxford: University Press, 2000), p. 86
2. ^ Zohary and Hopf, Domestication, p. 87
3. ^ Zohary and Hopf, Domestication, p. 88

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Foxtail millet

• Alternative Field Crops Manual: Millets