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François Duvalier known as "Papa Doc" (possibly April 14 is the 104th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (105th in leap years). There are 261 days remaining. Events up to 19th century 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum. Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesars assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Mutina, defeats the forces of the... April 14, 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January January 6 - Maria Montessori opens her first school and daycare center for working class children in Rome (Casa dei Bambini in San Lorenzo). January 14 - An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than a 1,000... 1907 - April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). There are 254 days remaining. BIOTCH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Events 800 BC-AD 1899 753 BC - Romulus founds Rome (traditional). 43 BC - Mark Antony is defeated in battle by consul Hirtius in the Battle of Mutina... April 21, 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). Events January January 1 - British divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 - 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. January 2 - A ban on television cigarette advertisements... 1971) was the President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership (from Latin prae- before + sedere to sit). Originally, the term usually referred to the presiding officer of a ceremony or meeting (i.e. chairman); but... President of Haiti is a country situated on the western third of the island of Hispaniola and the smaller islands of Gonâve, Tortue (Tortuga), Grande Caye, and Vache in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba; the Dominican Republic shares Hispaniola with Haiti. Its total land area is 10,714 square miles... Haiti from 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). Events Environmental change The Africanized bee is accidentally released in Brazil The Asian Flu pandemic begins in China March 10 - Floodgates of The Dalles Dam are closed inundating Celilo Falls and ancient indian fisheries along the... 1957 and later dictator from 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. January 3 - Senator Barry Goldwater announces that he will seek the Republican nomination for President. January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the... 1964 until his death.

Early life

He was raised in Categories: Caribbean geography stubs | Capitals in North America | Haiti ... Port-au-Prince and trained as a doctor, serving in rural areas. There he won acclaim for helping the poor fight typhus and other diseases. He married Simone Ovide in 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-June January 2 - End of term for Frank Finley Merriam, 28th Governor of California. He is succeeded by Culbert Levy Olson. January 24 - Earthquake kills 30.000 in Chile – about 50.000 sq... 1939, and became director general of the national health service in 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. (see link for calendar) Events January January 4 - Theodore Schurch becomes the last person to be executed for offences committed under the Treachery Act of 1940 January 7 - Allied recognize Austrian republic with 1937 borders - the country is divided into four occupation... 1946. In 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. Events January January 4 - RMS Caronia of the Cunard Line departs Southampton for New York on her maiden voyage January 4 - February 22 - Series of winter storms in Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, Utah, Colorado and Nevada - winds of up to 72 mph... 1949, he served as minister of both health and labour. After opposing the coup of Paul Eugène Magloire (July 19, 1907 - July 12, 2001) was a Haitian military ruler from 1950 to 1956. Paul Magloire was born as a generals son. In 1946 he participated in a successful coup against the president Élie Lescot. When his successor president Dumarsais Estimé tried to extend... Paul Magloire, he was forced into hiding until an amnesty in 1956 is a leap year starting on Sunday. (see link for calendar) Events January January 1 - End of Egyptian Condominium in Sudan. January 16 - President Egypt vows to reconquer Palestine January 26 - Italy January 26 - United Kingdom bans heroin January 26 - The last Soviet troops leave the military base in... 1956.

Elected in 1957

Backed by the army, Duvalier won the 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). Events Environmental change The Africanized bee is accidentally released in Brazil The Asian Flu pandemic begins in China March 10 - Floodgates of The Dalles Dam are closed inundating Celilo Falls and ancient indian fisheries along the... 1957 Haitian elections; he had campaigned as a populist leader, attacking the "noirist" elite. Duvalier revived the traditions of The term Voodoo (Vodun in Benin; also Vodou or other phonetically equivalent spellings in Haiti; Vudu in the Dominican Republic) is applied to the branches of a West African ancestor-based religious tradition with primary roots among the Fon-Ewe peoples of West Africa, in the country now known as... vodun and later used them to consolidate his power, claiming to be a hougan himself. Duvalier deliberately modeled his image on that of In Vodun, Baron Samedi (Baron Saturday) was one of the gods of the dead, along with Baron Cimetière and Baron La Croix; Baron Samedi was usually depicted with a top hat, black tuxedo, sunglasses and a cigar. He was one of the Guédé. In the James Bond movie... Baron Samedi in an effort to make himself even more imposing.

Consolidated power

He worked to consolidate his rule; after surviving an attempted coup in mid-1958, he purged the army. He then rewrote the constitution and then staged a single-candidate, sham election in 1961 (As MAD Magazine pointed out on its first cover for the year) was the first upside-down year - i.e., one that looked the same upside down - since 1881, and the last until 6009. Events January January 1 - The farthing coin, used since the 13th century, ceases to be... 1961 : the official count was 1.32 million votes for Duvalier and none against. He established himself as president for life in 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. January 3 - Senator Barry Goldwater announces that he will seek the Republican nomination for President. January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the... 1964 and his rule assumed a more brutal and repressive character. Wary of the army, he created a militia in 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-February January 1 - Cultivars of plants named after this date must be named in a modern language, not in Latin. January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when forces of Fidel Castro advance January... 1959, known as the MVSN (Milice de Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale), patterned after the Italian Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, refers to the right-wing authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. The word fascism (uncapitalized) has come to mean any political stance or system of government resembling Mussolinis, as... fascisti The Blackshirts (Italian: camicie nere) were Fascist paramilitary groups in Italy during the period immediately following World War I and until the end of World War II. Inspired by Garibaldis Redshirts, the Blackshirts were organized by Benito Mussolini due to his disgust with the corruption and apathy of the... Blackshirts from 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand January 3 - Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro January 4 - New York City introduces a train that operates without a crew on-board January 5... 1962, to protect his power outside the capital. The MVSN became better known as the A Tonton Macoute brandishing his machete The Tonton Macoutes (singular Tonton Macoute referring to a member thereof; or Ton Ton Macoute) was a Haitian militia force under the control of François Duvalier (better known as Papa Doc). Created in 1959 and renamed officially in 1971 as the VSN (Volontaires... Tonton Macoute (or Makout). Because they received no official salary, they had to make their living through crime and extortion. To protect his person, Duvalier used the Garde Présidentielle.

'President-for-life'

Duvalier came under pressure from the government of Order: 35th President Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson Term of office: January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 Preceded by: Dwight D. Eisenhower Succeeded by: Lyndon B. Johnson Date of birth: May 29, 1917 Place of birth: Brookline, Massachusetts Date ... John F. Kennedy due to evidence of corruption over aid. Aid was officially suspended in 1962 but the pressure eased following the death of Kennedy. The country assumed the mantle of an anti-communist presence to balance that of nearby The Republic of Cuba is an archipelago in the northern Caribbean that lies at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. To the north are found the United States and the Bahamas, to the west Mexico, to the south the Cayman Islands and... Cuba. After Kennedy's assassination, Duvalier claimed that the killing was a result of his placing a curse on Kennedy.

In April Events January-February January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. January 14 - George Wallace becomes governor of Alabama. January 22 - Elysée treaty between France and Germany January 28 - Black student Harvey Gantt enters Clemson College in... 1963, Haiti was almost attacked by the The Dominican Republic is a Spanish-speaking representative democracy located on the eastern portion of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, bordering Haiti. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of the 20th century — most notably the thirty-two year reign of the military leader Rafael Le... Dominican Republic. Only the lack of senior military support for Juan Emilio Bosch Gaviño (30 June 1909, La Vega – 1 November 2001, Santo Domingo) was the first democratically elected president of the Dominican Republic after the end of the Trujillo dictatorship in 1961. He founded the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) in 1939 and the Dominican Liberation Party (PLD... Juan Bosch y Gaviño prevented the Dominicans invading; instead, the conflict was mediated by the The Organization of American States (OAS; OEA in the other three official languages) is an international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., USA. Its members are the 35 independent nations of the Americas. History The notion of closer hemispheric union in the American continent was first put forward by the... OAS.

By the mid- Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Years: 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around the world. Many of the trends of... 1960s it was clear that Duvalier had no intention of stepping down. In June of 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. January 3 - Senator Barry Goldwater announces that he will seek the Republican nomination for President. January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the... 1964 he proclaimed himself President for Life is a title assumed by some dictators to ensure that their authority, legitimacy, and term is never questioned or disputed. The first well-known incident of a leader extending his term indefinitely was Roman dictator Julius Caesar, who made himself Perpetual Dictator (commonly mistranslated as Dictator-for... president for life and began to create a Adolf Hitler built a strong cult of personality, based on the Führerprinzip. Cult of personality or personality cult is a derogatory term for what is perceived to be excessive adulation of a single living leader. The term was coined by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev soon after the death of... personality cult around the image of himself as the physical embodiment of the Haitian nation. Like some of his predecessors, Duvalier was often rumored to be contemplating making himself Emperor is also a Norwegian black metal band; see Emperor (band). An emperor is a monarch and sovereign ruler of an empire or any other imperial realm. Emperors are generally recognised to be above kings in honour. They may obtain their position hereditarily, or by force, such as a coup... Emperor of Haiti, and ruling the nation as a This article treats the generic title monarch. For the origins of the word king and its English use, see Germanic king. For other meanings of the word, see Monarch (disambiguation) A monarch is a type of ruler or head of state. The word derives from Greek monos archein, meaning one... monarch.

Reign of terror

Within the country Duvalier used both political murder and expulsion to suppress his opponents; estimates of those killed are as high as 30,000. Attacks on Duvalier from within the military were treated as especially serious; in 1967 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css; /**/ 1967 From Wikipedia 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). Events January January 3 - Edward Tyree III is born in Philadelphia, Pa. The Famous... 1967 bombs detonated near the Presidential Palace led to the execution of twenty Garde Présidentielle officers. His reign of terror kept the country in his grip until his death in early 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). Events January January 1 - British divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 - 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. January 2 - A ban on television cigarette advertisements... 1971, after he had set his 19-year-old son Jean-Claude Duvalier (nicknamed B Doc or Baby Doc) (born July 3, 1951) was President of Haiti from 1971 to 1986. He married Mich le Duvalier. Early life He was born in Port-au-Prince, and in April 1971, he assumed the presidency of Haiti at the age of 19... Jean-Claude Duvalier to succeed him.

Tortuga freeport

Beginning in 1967 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css; /**/ 1967 From Wikipedia 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). Events January January 3 - Edward Tyree III is born in Philadelphia, Pa. The Famous... 1967, State nickname: Lone Star State Other U.S. States Capital Austin Largest city Houston Governor Rick Perry Official languages None Area 696,241 km² (2nd)  - Land 678,907 km²  - Water 17,333 km² (2.5%) Population (2000)  - Population 20,851,820 (2nd)  - Density 30... Texas entrepreneur Donald Grey Pierson was born October 11, 1925 and died age 70 on March 30, 1996 at Eastland, Texas. He was a well-known business innovator, communications pioneer and civic leader. He became famous both as the founder of the British offshore radio stations Wonderful Radio London; Swinging Radio England... Don Pierson came into contact with representatives of the Haitian government in Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Washington, DC, while he was attempting to lease or sell a ship which had been used by Swinging Radio England (SRE) was a top 40 commercial pirate radio station with studios and transmitter located in the hold of the MV Olga Patricia, renamed MV Laissez Faire, a former US built World War II merchant ship. The station broadcast from its ship-based anchorage three and a half... Swinging Radio England broadcasting off the coast of Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK... England. In 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). Events January January 1 - British divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 - 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. January 2 - A ban on television cigarette advertisements... 1971 this marketing effort resulted in a 99-year contract being drawn up between financial interests represented by Don Pierson and the government of Haiti, for the development of a Freeport is the name of several localities. United States of America: Freeport, Florida Freeport, Illinois Freeport, Kansas Freeport, Maine Freeport, Michigan Freeport, Minnesota Freeport, New York Freeport, Ohio Freeport, Pennsylvania Freeport, Texas Other: Freeport, Bahamas Freeport Tortuga, Haiti Freeport, Nova Scotia Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. Freeport (EverQuest) This... freeport on the island of Note: There is also a group of islands called the Dry Tortugas, part of the Florida Keys. Tortuga (Spanish for turtle) or Isla Tortuga is an island in the Caribbean Sea. It is also called Tortoise Island and it was a home for 17th century pirates. The location of Tortuga... Tortuga, which is the same year that "Papa Doc" died.

His son "Baby Doc" then took power and upon learning of a new multimillion dollar contract between the Freeport and Gulf Oil was a major United States oil company in the 1930s and 1940s. The eighth largest manufacturing company in the country in 1941, Gulf Oil was considered a member of the so-called Seven Sisters oil magnates. Gulf Oil was born in 1901 with an oil discovery in Spindletop... Gulf Oil Corporation, Jean-Claude Duvalier (nicknamed B Doc or Baby Doc) (born July 3, 1951) was President of Haiti from 1971 to 1986. He married Mich le Duvalier. Early life He was born in Port-au-Prince, and in April 1971, he assumed the presidency of Haiti at the age of 19... Jean-Claude Duvalier expropriated the entire venture, causing it to collapse in 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). Events January-February January 5 - Dungeons & Dragons officially released. February 4 - Patricia Hearst, the 19 year old granddaughter of publisher William Randolph Hearst, is kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army February 7 - Grenada becomes independent from... 1974.