Download high resolution version (805x1026, 160 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to... Download high resolution version (805x1026, 160 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to... Francis I, Renaissance prince, lover of women, patron of the arts

French Monarchy- Capetitian Dynasty ( The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589. They were descendants of Charles of Valois, the third son of King Philip III and based their claim to be ahead of Edward III of England on a reintroduction of the Salic law. List of Valois... Valois-Angoulême branch) Self-designed File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to download the file or see the image uploaded on that date. (del) (cur) 12:23, 9 Apr 2005 . . Hardouin (11949 bytes) ({{GFDL}} Self-designed... Francis I Children    Henry II     Madeleine de Valois, born August 10, 1520 at St. Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, France – died July 7, 1537 at Edinburgh, Scotland, was a princess of France and Queen consort of King James V of Scotland. Princess Madeleine was the fifth child and third daughter of King François I... Madeleine of Valois,     Madeleine de Valois, born August 10, 1520 at St. Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, France – died July 7, 1537 at Edinburgh, Scotland, was a princess of France and Queen consort of King James V of Scotland. Princess Madeleine was the fifth child and third daughter of King François I... Queen consort of Scot. Henry II of France Henry II (French: Henri II) (March 31, 1519 - July 10, 1559), a member of the Valois Dynasty, was King of France from 1547 until his death. Born in the Royal Château at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, the son of François I and Claude... Henry II Children    Francis II     Elizabeth of Valois (April 2, 1545 - October 3, 1568) was a daughter of Henry II of France. She married Philip II of Spain, son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabel of Portugal, and known as Philip the Catholic. The marriage was a consequence of the Peace of Cateau... Elizabeth of Valois     Elizabeth of Valois (April 2, 1545 - October 3, 1568) was a daughter of Henry II of France. She married Philip II of Spain, son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabel of Portugal, and known as Philip the Catholic. The marriage was a consequence of the Peace of Cateau... Queen consort of Spain    Charles IX    Henry III     Marguerite de Valois (1553 - 1615), Queen Margot, Queen of France and Navarre. She should not be confused with the famous author of the same name who was also of the Valois family. Born Marguerite de Valois at the Royal Château in Saint-Germain-en-Laye on May 14, 1553... Marguerite of Valois    (a.k.a. "Queen Margot")     François, Duke of Anjou François Hercule, Duke of Anjou and Alençon, ( March 18, 1555 - June 19, 1584) was the youngest son of Henry II of France and Catherine de Medici. In 1574, following the death of his brother Charles IX of France and the... François, Duke of Anjou François II Francis II (French: François II) (January 19, 1544 - December 5, 1560) was a King of France (1559 - 1560). He was born at the Royal Chateau at Fontainbleau, Seine-et-Marne, the son of Henri II (March 31, 1519 - July 10, 1559) and Catherine de Medici (April... Francis II Charles IX ( June 27, 1550 – May 30, 1574) was born Charles-Maximilien, the son of King Henri II of France and Catherine de Medici. He was born in the royal chateau at Saint-Germain-en-Laye. After the death of his elder brother Francis II, in 1560, he inherited... Charles IX Henry III (French: Henri III; Polish: Henryk III Walezy; September 19, 1551 - August 2, 1589) was King of Poland (1573-1574) and subsequently King of France (1574-1589). King Henry III Henri was born Edouard-Alexandre at the Royal Château of Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, the son of King... Henry III

Francis I ( French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. In 1999 French was the 11th most spoken language in the world being spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother tongue, and... French: François Ier) ( September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). There are 110 days remaining. Events 490 BC - Athens defeats Persia at the Battle of Marathon 1213 - Peter II of Aragon, the king of Aragon, died at the Battle of Muret. 1609 - Henry Hudson discovers the Hudson... September 12, Events January 25 - Alfonso II becomes King of Naples. June 7 - Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries. October 22 - Ludovico Sforza becomes Duke of Milan. Start of the Italian Wars. The University of Aberdeen is founded by the bishop... 1494 – July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 153 days remaining, as the final day of July. Events 1009 - Pietro Boccapecora becomes Pope Sergius IV 1423 - Hundred Years War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on... July 31, Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. January 28 - Edward VI succeeds his father Henry VIII as King of England. February 20 - Edward VI of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey March 31 - Henry II succeeds his father Francis I as King... 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters ( French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. In 1999 French was the 11th most spoken language in the world being spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother tongue, and... French: le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... France in Events June - Invasion of Persia by Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire. August 23 - Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I crushes the Persian army of Shah Ismail I. September 5 - Selim captures the Persian capital of Tabriz without encountering any resistance, but is unable to hold it. September 13 - September... 1515 in the cathedral at Location within France Reims (English traditionally Rheims) (pronounced in French) is a city of northern France, 144 km.(89 miles) east-northeast of Paris. Its history can be traced back to the Roman Empire. Reims played a very important role in French history, as it was the place where the... Reims and reigned until Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. January 28 - Edward VI succeeds his father Henry VIII as King of England. February 20 - Edward VI of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey March 31 - Henry II succeeds his father Francis I as King... 1547.

Francis I, a member of the The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589. They were descendants of Charles of Valois, the third son of King Philip III and based their claim to be ahead of Edward III of England on a reintroduction of the Salic law. List of Valois... Valois Dynasty, was born at This article is about the city in France. For the drink, see Cognac (drink). Cognac is a commune in the French département of Charente, of which it is a sous_préfecture. Population (1999): 19,534. This article should be translated from material at fr:Cognac. Categories: France geography stubs... Cognac, Charente is a département in central France named after the Charente River. History Charente was one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from the former province of Angoumois. Geography The department is part of the current region... Charente, the son of Charles d'Angoulême ( Events September 23 - Battle of Blore Heath. Yorkists under the Earl of Salisbury defeat a Lancastrian force. October 12 - Due to the advance of a royal force on his fortress of Ludlow, The Duke of York flees to Ireland, while his ally Warwick goes to Calais Births March 22 - Maximilian... 1459 – January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Here a calendar year refers to the order in which the months are displayed, January to December. The first day of the medieval Julian year was usually a day other than January 1... January 1, Events January 3 - Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tests a flying machine. March 10 - Christopher Columbus leaves Hispaniola for Spain, ending his second visit to the Western Hemisphere. July - Spanish forces under Gonzalo Hernandez de Cordoba capture Atella after a siege. Among the prisoners is the French viceroy of Naples, the... 1496), 1st cousin of King Louis XII Louis XII the Father of the People (French: Louis XII le Père du Peuple) (June 27, 1462 - January 1, 1515) was King of France from 1498-January 1, 1515. Birth Louis XII, King of France was born on June 27, 1462 in the Chateau de Blois, France... Louis XII, and of Louise of Savoy (1476-1531) was the mother of Francis I of France, and during his absences, acted as regent on his behalf. In 1529 she negotiated the Treaty of Cambrai. Categories: People stubs ... Louise of Savoy ( September 11 is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years). There are 111 days remaining. It is usually the first day of the Coptic calendar (in the period 1900 to 2099 A.D.). The terms September 11 and 9/11 have been widely used in the Western... September 11, Events March 2 - Battle of Grandson. A Swiss army defeats the Burgundians under Charles the Bold June 2 - Battle of Morat. The Swiss again defeat Charles. December - Vlad III Dracula manages to become reigning Prince of Wallachia for the third and last time before being assassinated by decapitation. His head... 1476 – September 22 is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years). There are 100 days remaining. In the Northern Hemisphere autumn begins at 6:23 P.M. EDT. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the legion I Italica. 1236 - Lithuanians and Semigallians beat Livonian Brothers of the Sword in... September 22, Events January 26 - Lisbon, Portugal is hit by an earthquake-- thousands die October 1 - Battle of Kappel - The forces of Zürich are defeated by the Catholic cantons. Huldreich Zwingli, the Swiss religious reformer, is killed. Our Lady of Guadeloupe: The Virgin Mary appears to Aztec convert Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin... 1531). He married Claude de France (14 October 1499 – 20 July 1524), French queen by marriage and duchess of Brittany in her own right, was the eldest daughter of King Louis XII of France and Anne, the heiress of Brittany. As the first wife of François I, she was the mother... Claude of France, the daughter of Louis XII. Because of the The King of the Franks, in the midst of the Military Chiefs who formed his Treuste, or armed Court, dictates the Salic Law (Code of the Barbaric Laws).--Fac-simile of a Miniature in the Chronicles of St. Denis, a Manuscript of the Fourteenth Century (Library of the Arsenal). The... Salic Law that stated that women could not inherit the throne of France, the throne passed to Francis I at the death of Louis XII, as he was the descendant of the eldest surviving male line of the Capetian Dynasty. Claude of France became queen Consort.

Francis I is considered to be France's first By Region: Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance -French Renaissance -German Renaissance -English Renaissance The Renaissance was a great cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history. It marks the transitional period between the end of the Middle Ages and... Renaissance monarch. His reign saw France make immense cultural advances. He was a contemporary of King Henry VIII King of England and Ireland by Hans Holbein the Younger His Grace King Henry VIII (28 June 1491–28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. He was the second monarch of the... Henry VIII of England and of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain Charles V ( 24 February 1500– 21 September 1558) was effectively (the first) King of Spain from 1516 to 1556 (in principle, he was from 1516 king of Aragon and from 1516 guardian of his insane mother, queen of Castile who... Charles V ruler of a multinational European empire, his great rivals.

When young Francis ascended the throne in Events June - Invasion of Persia by Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire. August 23 - Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I crushes the Persian army of Shah Ismail I. September 5 - Selim captures the Persian capital of Tabriz without encountering any resistance, but is unable to hold it. September 13 - September... 1515 he was a king with unprecedented Humanism is a system of thought that defines a socio-political doctrine (-ism) whose bounds exceed those of locally developed cultures, to include all of humanity and all issues common to human beings. Because doctrines of cultural distinction and exclusivity are often phrased in terms of religion, secular humanism grew... humanist credentials. While his two predecessors, Charles VIII of France ( June 30, 1470– April 7, 1498; French: Charles VIII de France), nicknamed the Affable (lAffable), was King of France from 1483 to his death. Charles was a member of the Valois Dynasty and achieved prominence by commencing the long series of Franco-Italian wars... Charles VIII and Louis XII Louis XII the Father of the People (French: Louis XII le Père du Peuple) (June 27, 1462 - January 1, 1515) was King of France from 1498-January 1, 1515. Birth Louis XII, King of France was born on June 27, 1462 in the Chateau de Blois, France... Louis XII, had spent much of their reigns concerned with The Italian Republic or Italy ( Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. It comprises a boot-shaped peninsula and two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia, and shares its northern alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent countries of San... Italy they did not much embrace the new intellectual movements coming out of it. Both monarchs continued in the same patterns of behavior that had dominated the French monarchy for centuries. They are considered the last of the medieval French monarchs, but they did lay the groundwork for the Renaissance to come into full swing in France.

Contact between the French and Italians in the long running series of wars under Charles and Louis had brought new ideas to France by the time the young Francis was receiving his education. Thus a number of his tutors, such as Desmoulins, his Latin instructor, and Christophe de Longeuil were schooled in the new ways of thinking and they attempted to imbue Francis with it. Francis' mother also had a great interest in Renaissance art, which she passed down to her son. One certainly cannot say that Francis received a humanist education; most of his teachers had not yet been affected by the Renaissance. One can, however, state that he clearly received an education more oriented towards humanism than any previous French king.

By the time Francis ascended the throne in Events June - Invasion of Persia by Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire. August 23 - Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I crushes the Persian army of Shah Ismail I. September 5 - Selim captures the Persian capital of Tabriz without encountering any resistance, but is unable to hold it. September 13 - September... 1515 the Renaissance had clearly arrived in France, and Francis was an important supporter of the change. Francis became a major patron of the arts. He lent his support to many of the greatest artists of his time and encouraged them to come to France. Some did work for him, including such greats as A self portrait Andrea del Sarto (Andrea dAgnolo di Francesco di Luca di Paolo del Migliore, Gualfonda, Florence, 1487 - Florence, 1531). Was an outstanding painter of the Italian Renaissance. This celebrated painter of the Florentine school was born in 1487 (or perhaps 1486), by Agnolo, a tailor (sarto), hence... Andrea del Sarto, and Leonardo redirects here. This page is about the artist. For other Leonardos, see Leonardo (disambiguation). Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519)[1] was an Italian Renaissance architect, musician, inventor, engineer, sculptor and painter. He has been described as the archetype of the Renaissance... Leonardo da Vinci, who Francis convinced to leave Italy in the last and least productive part of his life. While Leonardo did little painting in his years in France, he brought with him many of his great works, such as the The Mona Lisa is an oil painting on poplar wood. It measures 77cm by 53cm (30 inches by 21 inches). The Mona Lisa (Italian, Spanish: La Gioconda; French: La Joconde), less commonly rendered as the Monna Lisa, is an oil painting on poplar wood by the famous Italian Renaissance artist... Mona Lisa, and these stayed in France upon his death.

Other major artists who Francis employed include the goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini (November 1, 1500 _ February 13, 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, painter, sculptor, soldier and musician of the Renaissance. Life He was born in Florence, where his family, originally landowners in the Val dAmbra, had for three generations been settled. His father, Giovanni Cellini, was a musician... Benvenuto Cellini, and the painters Rosso and Primaticcio, all of whom were heavily employed in decorating Francis' various palaces. Francis employed a number of agents in Italy who endeavoured to procure artworks by Italian masters such as This page is about the artist. For other references to Michaelangelo, see Michaelangelo (disambiguation). Michelangelo Buonarroti, by Marcello Venusti Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (March 6, 1475 - February 18, 1564*) was a Renaissance painter, sculptor, poet and architect. He is famous for creating the fresco ceiling of the Sistine Chapel... Michelangelo, Titian. Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio (c. 1477–August 27, 1576), commonly known as Titian, was one of the greatest 16th century Renaissance painters of Venice, Italy. He was born at Pieve di Cadore (Friuli) in Italy, and died at Venice. He was commonly called during his lifetime Da Cadore... Titian, and This page is about the artist. For other references to Raphael, see Raphael (disambiguation). self-portrait Raphael or Raffaello, a painter and architect of the Florentine school in the Italian High Renaissance, was born on April 6, 1483 and died on his 37th birthday, April 6, 1520 (see the note... Raphael and ship them to France. These agents had some notable successes, even if plans to try to move Leonardo's The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper (in Italian, Il Cenacolo or LUltima Cena) is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci for his patron Duke Lodovico Sforza. It represents the scene of The Last Supper from the final days of Jesus as depicted in the Christian... Last Supper to France proved impractical. When Francis ascended the throne the royal palaces were decorated with only a scattering of great paintings, and not a single piece of sculpture either ancient or modern. It is during Francis' reign that the magnificent art collection of the French kings that can still be seen in the The main courtyard of the Louvre. The entrance to the galleries lies below the glass pyramid The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre), located in Paris, is one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. The building, a former royal palace (see below), lies in the centre... Louvre was truly begun.

Francis was also renowned as a An intellectual is a person who uses his or her intellect to study, reflect, and speculate on a variety of different ideas. Men of letters The man of letters stood in many cultures for what we might take to be the contemporary intellectual; the distinction not having great weight when... man of letters. When Francis comes up in a conversation among characters in Baldassare Castiglione, count of Novellata (December 6, 1478 - February 2, 1529), one of the most important renaissance authors and a diplomat. He was born in Mantua, Italy to an ancient family from Lombardy that had moved to Mantua at the time of marquis Lodovico Gonzaga, a relative of Luigia Gonzaga... Castiglione's The Book of the Courtier (Italian Il Cortegiano) was written by Baldassare Castiglione in 1528. Baldassare was inspired to write the Courtier by debates that occurred in Urbino on what makes a well rounded person (luomo universale). The book is organized as a series of fictional conversations that occur... Book of the Courtier, it is as the great hope to bring culture to the war-obsessed French nation. Not only did Francis support a number of major writers of the period, he was a poet himself, if not one of immense quality. Francis worked hard at improving the royal library. He appointed the great French humanist Guillaume Budé as chief librarian, and began to expand the collection. Francis employed agents in Italy looking for rare books and manuscripts, just as he had looking for art works. During his reign the size of the library increased greatly. Not only did Francis expand the library, there is also, according to Knecht, evidence that he read the books he bought for it, a much rarer feat in the royal annals. Francis set an important precedent by opening his library to scholars from around the world in order to facilitate the diffusion of knowledge.

Francis was an impressive builder and he poured vast amounts of money into new structures. He continued the work of his predecessors on the The Royal Château at Amboise is a château located in Amboise, in the Indre-et-Loire département of the Loire Valley in France. Built for defence purposes on a promontory overlooking the Loire River, the château began its life in the 12th... Château d'Amboise and also started renovations on the The Royal Château de Blois is located in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in France. The residence of several French kings, it is also the place where Joan of Arc came in 1429 to be blessed by the Archbishop of Reims before... Château de Blois. Early in his reign he also began construction of the magnificent Château de Chambord, very obviously inspired by the styles of the Italian renaissance, and perhaps even designed by Leonardo. Francis rebuilt the The main courtyard of the Louvre. The entrance to the galleries lies below the glass pyramid The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre), located in Paris, is one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. The building, a former royal palace (see below), lies in the centre... Louvre, turning it from a gloomy medieval fortress into a building of renaissance splendour. Francis financed the building of a new City Hall ( In French, a hôtel de ville or mairie is a town hall (and not a hotel). The Hôtel de Ville of Paris is located in the IVe arrondissement. The building was the short-lived seat of the Paris Commune of 1871. The French Third Republic was declared in... Hôtel de Ville) for Paris in order to have control over the building's design. He constructed the Château de Madrid and rebuilt the Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a city west of Paris, in the Yvelines d partement (of which it is a sous-pr fecture), in the Ile-de-France r gion, in France. History Saint-Germain-en-Laye was founded in 1020 when King Robert the Pious (ruled 996-1031) founded... Château de St-Germain-en-Laye. The largest of Francis' building projects was the reconstruction and expansion of the royal château of Fontainebleau, which quickly became his favourite place of residence. Each of Francis' projects was luxuriously decorated both inside and outside. Fontainebleau, for instance, had a gushing fountain in its courtyard where quantities of wine were mixed with the water.

Militarily and politically, Francis' reign was less successful; he tried and failed to become The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. The terminology of the title is somewhat confusing. The title of emperor was considered to have passed from... Holy Roman Emperor, and pursued a series of wars in Italy - see Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. Start the Italian wars article If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database. Please wait and check... Italian Wars. His most devastating defeat occurred at the This article is about the battle in 1525. For the battle of Pavia fought by Charlemagne, see Battle of Pavia (773) In 1525 during The Battle of Pavia, Charles V (1500_1558), The Holy Roman Emperor, defeated Francis I (1494-1547), King of France, taking him prisoner for ransom, and confining... Battle of Pavia where he was captured by Holy Roman Emperor Charles (February 24, 1500 – September 21, 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V) from 1519-1558; he was also King of Spain from 1516_1556, officially as Charles I of Spain, although often referred to as Charles V (Carlos Quinto or Carlos V) in Spain and Latin America. He... Charles V. Francis was held captive in This article is about the Spanish capital. For other entries, see Madrid (disambiguation). Coat of arms The Plaza de España square Madrid, the capital of Spain, is located in the center of the country at 40°25N, 3°45W. Population of the city of Madrid proper was... Madrid and forced to make major concessions to Charles before he was freed. Upon his return to France, however, Francis argued that his agreement with Charles was made under duress and he repudiated it.

As King, in Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. date). April 30 - Battle of the Sesia - Spanish forces under Charles de Lannoy defeat the French army in Italy under William de Bonnivet. The French, now commanded by François de St. Pol, withdraw from Italy. August... 1524, he assisted the citizens of This article is about the French city. For other usages, see Lyon (disambiguation) and (as Lyons) Lyons (disambiguation). City motto: Avant, avant, Lion le melhor. (Franco-Provençal: Forward, forward, Lyon the best) City proper ( commune) Région Rhône-Alpes Département Rhône... Lyon to finance the expedition of Giovanni da Verrazano (his last name is also spelled Verrazzano) was born, on his familys castle, Castello Verrazzano, near Val di Greve, 30 miles south of Florence. His date of birth is uncertain, but was around 1480. Upon reaching his majority (also around 1506-7) he moved to Dieppe... Giovanni da Verrazano to North America; on this expedition, Verrazano claimed This is about the island in Canada. For the Canadian province formerly and still colloquially known as Newfoundland, see Newfoundland and Labrador. For other meanings of Newfoundland, see Newfoundland (disambiguation). Newfoundland is a large island off the north-east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the... Newfoundland for the French crown. In Events May 10 - Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage. June 9 - Jacques Cartier is the first European to discover the St. Lawrence River. July 7 - First known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick. Cambridge University Press given Royal... 1534, he sent Jacques Cartier (Saint-Malo, France, December 31, 1491 - January 19, 1557) was a French explorer who is popularly thought of one of the major discoverers of Canada, or more specifically, the interior region that would be part of the first area that could become that nation.lipen to vaques The... Jacques Cartier to explore the The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. It was called Kaniatarowanenneh (big waterway) in Mohawk. It traverses the Canadian province of Quebec and forms part of... St. Lawrence River in This article describes the Canadian province. For other usages, see Quebec (disambiguation). Motto: Je me souviens (I remember) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Area 1,542,056 km² (2nd)  - Land 1,183,128 km²  ... Quebec to find certaines îles et pays où l'on dit qu'il se doit trouver grande quantité d'or et autres riches choses ("certain islands and lands where it is said there are great quantities of gold and other riches").

In his castle in Villers-Cotterêts, Aisne is a département in the northern part of France named after the Aisne River. History Aisne was one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Île de France, Picardy... Aisne, in Events May 30 - In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold. Hernando de Soto introduced Pigs into North America 6 Articles Statute of English Parliament, important in the English Reformation Lutheranism is forcefully introduced to Iceland, despite the opposition of... 1539, Francis signed the edict which made French the administrative language instead of Latin. The same edict required priests to register births and establish a registry office.

An important change Francis brought to European history was that he came to an understanding with the The Ottoman Turks were the ethnic subdivision of the Turkic people who dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Brief History The Ottomans were first known to the west in 1227, when they fled the Mongol Empire into the Seljuk Empire in what is now called Anatolia. However, they... Ottoman Turks. No formal treaties with the 'infidels' were signed, but high-level meetings between the two powers let them collude against Charles V, and in Events February 11 - Battle of Wayna Daga - Ethiopian/Portuguese? troops defeat the armies of Adal and the Ottoman Empire. May - Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium July 12 - King Henry VIII of England marries Catherine Parr. It is the sixth of Henrys marriages and the third of Catherine... 1543 the two powers even combined for a joint naval assault on This article is about the city. For other Nice articles, see Nice (disambiguation). City motto: Nicæa civitas.1 ( Latin: Nice the city) City proper ( commune) Région Provence-Alpes-Côte-dAzur Département Alpes-Maritimes (06) Mayor Jacques Peyrat ( UMP) (since 1995) Area... Nice.

While Francis left France strewn with magnificent palaces he caused severe harm to the nation's economic well-being in order to do so. In his old age, Louis XII worried that Francis, his successor, "would spoil everything." Francis' father-in-law had left France in good shape with the monarchy ascendant over the feudal lords and the economy prospering. While Francis continued to strengthen the crown, he succeeded in undermining the nation's economy. Palaces were extremely expensive, as were wars against the Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. Their principal roles were as: Holy Roman Emperors for several centuries to 1806, and rulers of Austria (as dukes 1282–1453, archdukes 1453–1804, and emperors 1804–1918... Hapsburgs. To pay for these efforts, Francis undermined the nation's fiscal security. Taxes went up: the taille, the tax on peasants, more than doubled, while the gabelle, the salt tax, was tripled. Francis also used new ways to raise revenues. He sold many of the crown jewels and began alienating crown lands, disposing of important liquid assets. Francis also began the process of selling offices for quick revenue. While he did not practice the selling of offices extensively he did begin the trend that would eventually undermine the entire French government.

Francis' older sister, Marguerite of Navarre (April 11, 1492 - December 21, 1549), also known as Marguerite of Angouleme and Margaret of Navarre, was the queen consort of King Henry II of Navarre. As patron of humanists and reformers, and as an author in her own right, she was an outstanding figure of the... Marguerite ( Events January 2 - Boabdil, the last Moorish King of Granada, surrenders his city to the army of Ferdinand and Isabella after a lengthy siege. March 30 - Ferdinand and Isabella sign a decree aimed at expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to Roman Catholicism. August 3 - On Friday, August... 1492 – Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. Salvador established, first capital of Brazil Petrus Canisius starts the Counter-Reformation in Bavaria Births Eustache du Caurroy, French composer of chansons Philippe de Mornay, French Protestant writer John Rainolds, English divine and writer, assisted in preparing the King James... 1549), Queen of Navarre (Spanish Navarra, Basque Nafarroa) is an autonomous community and province of Spain. Its official Spanish-language name is Comunidad Foral de Navarra (for an explanation of foral, see fueros). It is bordered by the autonomous communities of the Basque Country (provinces of Guipúzcoa and Álava), La Rioja, and... Navarre, wrote the classic, The Heptameron is a collection of 72 stories written in French by Marguerite of Navarre and patterened after the Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio. The erotic stories of adultery and murder usually end with retribution exacted for the sins committed. External link English translation of the Heptameron Categories: Stub ... Heptameron.

Francis' legacy is a mixed one. He achieved great cultural feats, but they came at the expense of France's economic well being.

Francis I died at the Château de Rambouillet and is interred with his first wife, Claude de France, Duchess of Bretagne, in The Basilica of Saint Denis (in French, la Basilique de Saint-Denis), a famous burial site for French monarchs, is located in Saint Denis (near Paris). Saint Denis is a patron saint of France and, according to legend, was the first bishop of Paris. A simple shrine was erected at... Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his son, Henry II of France Henry II (French: Henri II) (March 31, 1519 - July 10, 1559), a member of the Valois Dynasty, was King of France from 1547 until his death. Born in the Royal Château at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, the son of François I and Claude... Henri II.

Marriages

On May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). There are 227 days remaining. Events 1593 - Playwright Thomas Kyds accusations of heresy lead to an arrest warrant for Christopher Marlowe. 1652 - Rhode Island passes the first law in North America making... May 18, Events March - Louis XII of France makes peace with Emperor Maximilian. July - Peace between England and France. Albrecht Dürer makes his famous engraving Melancholia I. Births March 8 - Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese samurai and warlord Marriages October 9 - Louis XII of France and Mary... 1514, he married (1) Claude de France (14 October 1499 – 20 July 1524), French queen by marriage and duchess of Brittany in her own right, was the eldest daughter of King Louis XII of France and Anne, the heiress of Brittany. As the first wife of François I, she was the mother... Claude of France ( October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years). There are 79 days remaining. Events 1-1899 54 - Roman Empire emperor Claudius I dies after being poisoned by his wife Agrippina. 1307 - All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair... October 13, Events July 22 - Battle of Dornach - The Swiss decisively defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Maximilian I. July 28 - First Battle of Lepanto - The Turkish navy wins a decisive victory over the Venetians. September 22 - Treaty of Basel. Maximilian is forced to grant the Swiss de facto independence. November 23... 1499 – July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. Events 514 - Pope Hormisdas assumes the papacy. 1304 - Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence. 1738 - French explorer Pierre Gaultier de... July 20, Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. date). April 30 - Battle of the Sesia - Spanish forces under Charles de Lannoy defeat the French army in Italy under William de Bonnivet. The French, now commanded by François de St. Pol, withdraw from Italy. August... 1524), the daughter of King Louis XII Louis XII the Father of the People (French: Louis XII le Père du Peuple) (June 27, 1462 - January 1, 1515) was King of France from 1498-January 1, 1515. Birth Louis XII, King of France was born on June 27, 1462 in the Chateau de Blois, France... Louis XII of France and Court of the Ladies of Queen Anne of Brittany, Miniature representing this lady weeping on account of the absence of her husband during the Italian war.--Manuscript of the Epistres Envoyées au Roi (Sixteenth Century), obtained by the Coislin Fund for the Library of St. Germain des Pres in... Anne de Bretagne.

Children:

1. Louise ( August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 134 days remaining. Events 1561 - Mary Stuart returns to Scotland. 1692 - Salem Witch Trials: In Salem, Massachusetts five women and a clergyman are executed after being convicted of witchcraft. 1782 - Battle... August 19, Events June - Invasion of Persia by Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire. August 23 - Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I crushes the Persian army of Shah Ismail I. September 5 - Selim captures the Persian capital of Tabriz without encountering any resistance, but is unable to hold it. September 13 - September... 1515 – September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). There are 101 days remaining. Events 1700-1899 1745 - Battle of Prestonpans - Hanoverian army under the command of John Cope is defeated, in ten minutes, by the Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart 1780 - Benedict Arnold... September 21, Events January 22 - Battle of Ridanieh. The Turkish forces of Selim I defeat the main Mamluk army in Egypt under Touman Bey. February 3 - Capture of Cairo by the Turks. First contact of organized western merchants with China. August 15 - Portuguese merchant Fernao Pires de Andrade met Chinese officials through... 1517)
2. Charlotte ( October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 69 days remaining. Events 4100 BC-AD 1899 4004 BC - The universe was created, according to the Ussher-Lightfoot Calendar. 42 BC - Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi - Brutuss... October 23, Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. August 13 - Treaty of Noyon - Peace between France and Spain. Francis recognizes Charles... 1516 – September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). There are 114 days remaining. Events 1331 - Stefan Dusan declares himself king of Serbia 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo - Russian forces under Grand Prince Dmitrii Ivanovich defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols, stopping their advance. 1449... September 8, Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. date). April 30 - Battle of the Sesia - Spanish forces under Charles de Lannoy defeat the French army in Italy under William de Bonnivet. The French, now commanded by François de St. Pol, withdraw from Italy. August... 1524)
3. François ( February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 306 days remaining, 307 in leap years. Events 364 - Valentinian I is elevated as Roman Emperor. 1258 - Hulagu Khan sacks Baghdad 1700 - February 28 is followed by March 1 in Sweden, thus creating the Swedish... February 28, Events A plague of tropical fire ants devastates crops on Hispaniola (Nature 433, 32 (06 January 2005); doi:10.1038/433032a) Births Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti), Italian painter. Deaths Kabir, Indian mystic Categories: 1518 ... 1518 – August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 143 days remaining. The term the 10th of August is widely used by historians as a shorthand for the Storming of the Tuileries Palace on August 10, 1792, the effective end... August 10, Events February 2 - Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Argentina. February 25 - Jacob Hutter burned in a stake for heresy May 19 - Execution of Anne Boleyn May 30 - Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour October 13 - The Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion in York, is resolved by Robert Aske October... 1536)
4. Henry II of France Henry II (French: Henri II) (March 31, 1519 - July 10, 1559), a member of the Valois Dynasty, was King of France from 1547 until his death. Born in the Royal Château at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, the son of François I and Claude... Henri II ( March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years). There are 275 days remaining. Events 300-1899 307 - After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian. 1774 - American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great... March 31, Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. June 28 - Charles I of Spain becomes Emperor of Holy Roman Empire as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (ruled until 1556). September 20 - Ferdinand Magellan leaves Europe to circumnavigate the world. November 8 - Hernán Corté... 1519 – July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. Events 100 BC-AD 1899 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. AD 1778 - American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares... July 10, Events January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. April 3 - Peace of Cateau Cambrésis - France makes peace with England and Spain. France gives up most of its gains in Italy (including Savoy), keeping only Saluzzo, but keeps the three Lorraine bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and... 1559)
5. Madeleine de Valois, born August 10, 1520 at St. Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, France – died July 7, 1537 at Edinburgh, Scotland, was a princess of France and Queen consort of King James V of Scotland. Princess Madeleine was the fifth child and third daughter of King François I... Madeleine ( August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 143 days remaining. The term the 10th of August is widely used by historians as a shorthand for the Storming of the Tuileries Palace on August 10, 1792, the effective end... August 10, Events January 18 - King Norway defeats the Swedes at Lake Asunde. June - Moctezuma II, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan is declared deposed due to his captivity by conquistador Hernán Cortés. His brother Cuitláhuac rises to the throne. June 7 - Field of Cloth of Gold. Famous meeting between King... 1520 – July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. It is the middle day of a non-leap year, because there are 182 days before and 182 days after. It falls on the same day of the week... July 2, Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. Pope Paul III publishes the encyclical Sublimis Deus, which declares the natives of the New World to be rational beings with souls... 1537) married James V (April 10, 1512 - December 14, 1542) was king of Scotland (September 9, 1513 - December 14, 1542). The son of King James IV of Scotland, he was born in April 10, 11 or 15, 1512, at Linlithgow Palace, West Lothian, and was still an infant when his father was... James V of Scotland
6. Charles ( January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 343 days remaining (344 in leap years). Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. 1771 - Spain cedes Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands to England. 1824 - Ashantis crush British forces... January 22, Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. April 22 - Battle of Bicocca - French and Swiss forces under Odet de Lautrec are defeated by the Spanish in their attempt... 1522 – September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). There are 113 days remaining. Events 1000 - Battle of Swold 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between the Habsburg Dukes Albert III and Leopold III 1513 - In the Battle of Flodden Field James IV... September 9, Events December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Births Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza Luzzasco Luzzaschi, Italian (Ferrarese) composer of madrigals, also an organist and influential teacher Giulio Caccini, Italian (Florentine) composer, sometimes called the founder of opera Deaths October 18 - John Taverner, composer... 1545)
7. Marguerite ( June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. Events 1783 - The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière ( hot air balloon). 1817 - First Great Lakes steamer, the Frontenac, is launched. 1829 - HMS Pickle captures the armed... June 5, Events April - Battle of Villalors - Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. June 6 - Gustav Vasa becomes King of Sweden, establishing finally its full independence from Denmark. Births April 5 - Blaise de Vigenère Deaths May 23 - Ashikaga... 1523 – September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years). There are 108 days remaining. Events 786 - Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi 1752 - The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (September 2 was followed... September 14, Events April 14 - Battle of Mookerheyde. Spanish forces under Sancho de Avila defeat the rebel forces of Louis of Nassau. Louis is killed. May 30 - On the death of King Charles IX of France, he is succeeded by his brother King Henry of Poland, who becomes King Henry III. His... 1574)

On August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. There are 94 days in North Hemisphere summer, South Hemisphere winter. The Northern Hemisphere is considered to be halfway through the summer on August 7. Events 1600-1899 1679... August 7, Events June 25 - Augsburg confession presented to Charles V of Holy Roman Empire. August 12 - Florence is captured by Spanish troops under Prince Philibert of Orange. The Medici are restored in the person of the Popes nephew Alessandro de Medici. Knights of Malta are formed when the Knights Hospitaller... 1530, he married (2) Eleonore of Austria (November 15, 1498 - February 25, 1558) was Archduchess of Austria, queen of Portugal (1518-1521) and of France, also duchess of Touraine (1547-1558). Named Leonor de Austria in Spanish and royne Eleonore in French. Born in Lovaina as the eldest child of Philippe the Handsome, archduke... Eléonore of Austria, with no children.

Francis I in fiction

The amorous exploits of Francis inspired the Events February 12 - Ecuador annexes the Galapagos Islands February 12 – serious cholera epidemic begins in London from the East London. It is declared officially over in early May but deaths continue. At least 3000 victims March 24 - In Hiram, Ohio a group of men beat, tar and feather Mormon... 1832 play by Victor Hugo Victor Hugo (February 26, 1802 - May 22, 1885) was a French author, the most important of the Romantic authors in the French language. His major works include the novels The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Misérables, and a large body of poetry. Life and work Hugo... Victor Hugo ( Events March 16 - West Point is established. March 25/27 - Treaty of Amiens between France and United Kingdom ends the War of the Second Coalition. March 28 - H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid Pallas. May 19 - Napoleon Bonaparte establishes the French légion dhonneur (Legion of Honour). July 4... 1802- 1885 is a common year starting on Thursday. Events January January 4 - The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside. January 20 - L.A. Thompson patents the roller coaster. January 26 - Troops loyal to the Mahdi conquer Khartoum February February 5 - King Leopold II... 1885), Le Roi s'amuse (The King Enjoys Himself), in turn inspiring the Events January 23 - The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in Oregon is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning. March 1 - Victor Hugo gives speech at the French national assembly and uses the phrase United States of Europe several times March 27 - First... 1851 opera of Giuseppe Verdi, by Giovanni Boldini, 1886 (National Gallery of Modern Art, Rome) Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (October 10, 1813 – January 27, 1901) was one of the great composers of Italian opera. A composer of the romantic music, his work was already very popular during his lifetime and remains so... Giuseppe Verdi ( 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events March 17 - Through a newspaper, the Prussian king Frederick William III of Prussia calls for resistance against the Napoleonic occupation April 27 - War of 1812: Battle of York - United States troops raid, destroy, but do... 1813 – 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January-March January 1 - World celebrates what is regarded as the start of the new century. ( Zero-ists argument that new century should be celebrated in 1900 rejected worldwide). January 1 - The British colonies of New South... 1901), Rigoletto is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi. Libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. First production, Venice, 1851. The making of Rigoletto Verdi was commissioned to write a new opera by the theatre La Fenice, Venice in 1850, when he was already a well known composer with a certain... Rigoletto.

Francis was first played in a George Méliès movie by an unknown actor in 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). Events January January 6 - Maria Montessori opens her first school and daycare center for working class children in Rome (Casa dei Bambini in San Lorenzo). January 14 - An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than a 1,000... 1907, and has also been played by Claude Garry ( 1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). Events January-April January - In Greece, the Military League forces parliament and the king to summon National Assembly to revise Constitution. January 15- In the United Kingdom, General Election held in response to House of Lords rejection of... 1910), Aimé Simon-Girard ( 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua January 11 - The first issue of Look magazine goes on sale in the United States. January 19 - Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying... 1937), Sacha Guitry, born February 21, 1885 in St. Petersburg, Russia – died July 24, 1957 in Paris, France, was a film actor, director and screenwriter and playwright. He was the son of Lucien Germain Guitry (1860–1925), a major Parisian stage actor who spent nine years at the Michel... Sacha Guitry ( 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua January 11 - The first issue of Look magazine goes on sale in the United States. January 19 - Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying... 1937), Gérard Oury ( 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. Events January January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. January 13 - Marshal Josip Broz Tito chosen President of Yugoslavia January 20 - Change of US presidency from Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) to Dwight D... 1953), Jean Marais, born Jean-Villain Marais (December 11, 1913 - November 8, 1998) was a French actor, and the lover of Jean Cocteau. He starred in Beauty and the Beast. He was born in Cherbourg, Manche. He died in Cannes, Alpes-Maritimes. Filmography, as actor includes LÉpervier (1933), directed by... Jean Marais ( 1955 is a common year starting on Saturday. Events January-April January 2 - Panama president Jose Antonio Remon is assassinated. January 19 - The Scrabble board game debuts. February 8 - Nikolai Bulganin ousts Georgi Malenkov February 13 - Israel obtains 4 of the 7 Dead Sea scrolls. February 23 - First meeting of... 1955), Pedro Armendáriz ( 1956 is a leap year starting on Sunday. (see link for calendar) Events January January 1 - End of Egyptian Condominium in Sudan. January 16 - President Egypt vows to reconquer Palestine January 26 - Italy January 26 - United Kingdom bans heroin January 26 - The last Soviet troops leave the military base in... 1956), Claude Titre ( 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand January 3 - Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro January 4 - New York City introduces a train that operates without a crew on-board January 5... 1962), Bernard Pierre Donnadieu ( 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1990 in video gaming January January 3 - Former leader of Panama Manuel Noriega surrenders to American forces. January 7 - The Leaning Tower of Pisa is closed to the public due to safety concerns. January 9 - Lt Gen... 1990).