François Leclerc du Tremblay ( Events The church in San Pedro in the Atacama Desert in Chile was built. Births April 12 - King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway June 12 - Habbakkuk Guldin later known as Paul Guldin, Swiss Jesuit mathematician June 28 - Peter Paul Rubens, painter November 25 - Piet Hein (Netherlands), Dutch naval officer... 1577 – Events March 29 - Swedish colonists establish first settlement in Delaware, called New Sweden. April 15 - Shogunate forces defeat the last rebels of Shimabara Rebellion in the fortress of Hara. May 11 - French admiral dEstrees runs his whole fleet aground in Ceylon. Pedro Texeira makes the first ascent of the... 1638), also known as the Père Joseph, was a The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... French For other uses, see Capuchin (disambiguation). Capuchins, an order of friars in the Roman Catholic Church, are the chief and only permanent offshoot from the Franciscans. Origins The order arose around about 1520, when Matteo di Bassi, an Observant Franciscan, became possessed of the idea that the habit worn by... capuchin A Roman Catholic monk A monk is a person who practices monasticism, adopting a strict religious and ascetic lifestyle, usually in community with others following the same path. The word comes from the Greek monachos (μοναχός), commonly translated as a solitary person and can... monk, confident and agent of Cardinal Richelieu was the French chief minister from 1624 until his death. Armand Jean Du Plessis, Cardinal et Duc de Richelieu ( 9 September 1585– 4 December 1642) was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman. Consecrated as a bishop in 1607, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State... Cardinal Richelieu.

Because of his close connection to Richelieu, and his grey monkish robe, he was nicknamed the l'éminence grise ("grey eminence" — cardinals were referred to as eminences).

Grey Eminence is an English language biography by Aldous Huxley Aldous Leonard Huxley (July 26, 1894 - November 22, 1963) was a British writer who emigrated to the United States. He was a member of the famous Huxley family who produced a number of brilliant scientific minds. Best known for his novels and wide-ranging output of essays, he... Aldous Huxley.

External links

• Article on Columbia Encyclopedia (http://www.bartleby.com/65/jo/Joseph-F.html)