François de Malherbe

François de Malherbe ( Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Finland May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ...1555 _ October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in Leap years). ...October 16, Events March 1 _ writs were issued in February 1628 by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date. ...1628) was a France _ Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...French Poets are authors of poems. ...poet, A critic (derived from the ancient Greek word krites meaning a judge) is a person who offers a value judgement or an interpretation. ...critic and translator.

Biography

Born in Location within France Caen is a city and a commune of northwestern France. ...Caen, his family was of some position, though it seems not to have been able to establish to the satisfaction of heralds the claims which it made to nobility older than the (15th century _ 16th century _ 17th century _ more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...16th century.

The poet was the eldest son of another Francois de Malherbe, conseiller du roi in the magistracy of Caen. He himself was elaborately educated at Caen, at The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...Paris, at Map of Germany showing Heidelberg Heidelberg (halfway between Stuttgart and Frankfurt) is a city in Baden_Württemberg, Germany. ...Heidelberg and at Basel (English traditionally: Basle [ba:l], German: Basel [ba:z@l], French Bâle [ba:l], Italian Basilea [bazilE:a]) is Switzerlands third most populous city (188,000 inhabitants in the canton of Basel_City as of 2004; the 690,000 inhabitants in the conurbation stretching across the immediate...Basel. At the age of twenty_one, preferring arms to the gown, he entered the household of Henri d'Angoulême, grand prior of France, the natural son of Henry II of France Henry II (French: Henri II) (March 31, 1519 - July 10, 1559), a member of the Valois Dynasty, was King of France from 1547 until his death. ...Henry II. He served this prince as secretary in Provence is a former province and is now a region of southeastern France, located on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Frances border with Italy. ...Provence, and married there in 1581. It seems that he wrote verses at this period, but, to judge from a quotation of Tallemant des Réaux, they must have been very bad ones. His patron died when Malherbe was on a visit in his native province, and for a time he had no particular employment, though by some servile verses he obtained a considerable gift of money from Henry III (French: Henri III; Polish: Henryk III Walezy; September 19, 1551 - August 2, 1589) was King of Poland (1573-1574) and subsequently King of France (1574-1589). ...Henry III, whom he afterwards libelled. He lived partly in Provence and partly in Mont Saint Michel is a historic pilgrimage site and a symbol of Normandy Normandy is a former country (a Duchy) situated in northern France occupying the lower Seine area (upper or Haute_Normandie) and the region to the west (lower or Basse_Normandie) as far as the Cotentin Peninsula. ...Normandy for many years after this event; but very little is known of his life during this period. His Larmes de Saint Pierre, imitated from Luigi Tansillo, appeared in Events February 8 _ Mary, Queen of Scots is executed. ...1587.

It was in 1600 that he presented to Maria de' Medici an ode of welcome, the first of his remarkable poems. But four or five years more passed before his fortune, which had hitherto been indifferent, turned. He was presented by his countryman, the Cardinal Du Perron, to By Frans Pourbus the younger. ...Henry IV; and, though that economical prince did not at first show any great eagerness to entertain the poet, he was at last summoned to court and endowed after one fashion or another. It is said that the pension promised him was not paid till the next reign. His father died in Events January 27 _ The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins ending in their execution on January 31 May 17 _ Supporters of Vasili Shusky invade the Kremlin and kill pretender Dmitri December 26 _ Shakespeares King Lear performed in court Storm buries a village of St Ismails near...1606, and he came into his inheritance.

From this time forward he lived at court, corresponding affectionately with his wife, but seeing her only twice in some twenty years. His old age was saddened by a great misfortune. His son, Marc Antoine, a young man of promise, fell in a A duel or duel of honour is a form of armed combat in which two individuals participate. ...duel in Events September 30 _ Nurhaci , chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ...1626. His father used his utmost influence to have the guilty parties (for more than one were concerned, and there are grounds for thinking that it was not a fair duel) brought to justice. But he died before the suit was decided (it is said in consequence of disease caught at the camp of The entrance to the old La Rochelle harbour, with the two 14th century towers. ...La Rochelle, whither be had gone to petition the king), in Paris, on October 16, 1628, at the age of seventy_three.

Works

The personal character of Malhérbe was far from amiable, but he exercised, or at least indicated the exercise of, a great and enduring effect upon French literature is literature written in the French language; and especially, literature written in French by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written in other languages of France. ...French literature, though by no means a wholly beneficial one. The lines of Nicolas Boileau_Despreaux, commonly called Boileau, (November 1, 1636 _ March 13, 1711) was a French poet and critic. ...Boileau beginning Enfin Malhérbe vint are rendered only partially applicable by the extraordinary ignorance of older French poetry which distinguished that peremptory critic. But the good as well as bad side of Malhérbe's theory and practice is excellently described by his contemporary and superior Regnier, who was animated against him, not merely by reason of his own devotion to Pierre de Ronsard, commonly referred to as Ronsard (September 11, 1524 _ December, 1585), was a French poet and prince of poets (as his own generation in France called him). ...Ronsard but because of Malhérbe's discourtesy towards Regnier's uncle P Desportes, whom the Norman poet had at first distinctly copied. These are the lines:

 "Cependant leur savoir ne s'attend nullement Qua régratter un mot douteuse au jugement, Prendre garde qu'un qui ne heurte une diphthongue, Epier si des vers la rime est breve ou longue, Ou bien si la voyelle a l'autre s'unissant Ne rend point a l'oreille un vers trop languissant. C'est proser de la rime et rimer de la prose." 

This is perfectly true, and from the time of Malherbe dates that great and deplorable falling off of French poetry in its more poetic qualities, which was not made good till 1830. Nevertheless the critical and restraining tendency of Malherbe was not ill in place after the luxuriant importation and innovation of the La Pléiade; and if he had confined himself to preaching greater technical perfection, and especially greater simplicity and purity in vocabulary and versification, instead of superciliously striking his pen through the great works of his predecessors, he would have deserved wholly well.

As it was, his, reforms helped to elaborate the kind of verse necessary for the classical tragedy, and that is the most that can be said for him. His own poetical work is scanty in amount, and for the most part frigid and devoid of inspiration. The beautiful Consolation a Duperier, in which occurs the famous line - Et, rose, elle a vécu ce que vivent les roses - the odes to Marie de 'Medici and to Louis XIII (September 27, 1601 - May 14, 1643), called the Just (French: le Juste), was King of France from 1610 to 1643. ...Louis XIII, and a few other pieces comprise all that is really worth remembering of him.

His prose work is much more abundant, not less remarkable for care as to style and expression, and of greater positive value. It consists of some translations of Titus Livius (around 59 BC _ 17 AD), known as Livy in English, wrote a monumental history of Rome, Ab Urbe Condita, from its founding (traditionally dated to 753 BC). ...Livy and Lucius Annaeus Seneca (often known simply as Seneca, or Seneca the Younger) (c. ...Seneca, and of a very large number of interesting and admirably written letters, many of which are addressed to Peiresc, the man of science of whom Pierre Gassendi (January 22, 1592 – October 24, 1655) was a French philosopher, scientist and mathematician, best known for attempting to reconcile Epicurean atomism with Christianity. ...Gassendi has left a delightful Latin _ Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...Latin life. It contains also a most curious commentary on Desportes, in which Malhérbe's minute and carping style of verbal criticism is displayed on the great scale.

See also: Claude Favre de Vaugelas (January 6, 1595 - February 1650) was a French grammarian and man of letters. ...Claude Favre de Vaugelas

Bibliography

The chief authorities for the biography of Malhérbe are the Vie de Malhérbe by his friend and pupil Racan, and the long Historiette which Tallemant des Réaux has devoted to him. The standard edition is the admirable one of Ludovic Lalanne (5 vols., Paris, 1862_1869). Of the poems only, there is an excellent and handsome little issue in the Nouvelle collection Jannet (Paris, 1874). Of modern works devoted to him, La Doctrine de Malhérbe, by G Brunot (1891), is not only the most important but a work altogether capital in regard to the study of French language and literature. Others are A Gastó, La Jeunesse de Malhérbe (1890); V Bourrienne, Points obscurs dans la vie normande de Malhérbe (1895); and the duc de Broglie's "Malhérbe" in Les Grands écrivains français. On his position in French and general critical history, George Edward Bateman Saintsbury (October 23, 1845 _ 1933), was an English writer and critic. ...George Saintsbury's History of Criticism, vol. ii., may be consulted.

This article incorporates text from the The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...public domain The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.