NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Francis II of the Two Sicilies

Francis II (Francesco d'Assisi Maria Leopoldo, January 16, 1836 – December 27, 1894), was King of the Two Sicilies from 1859 to 1861. Image File history File links Franz2Sizilien. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito JuÃ¡rez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Ferdinand II (Ferdinando Carlo, January 12, 1810 â€“ May 22, 1859) was the King of the Two Sicilies (Southern Italy) from 1830 until his death. ... Duchess Maria Sophie Amalie in Bavaria Maria Sophie Amalie, Duchess in Bavaria, (4 October 1841, Possenhofen Castle -19 January 1925, Munich) was the last Queen consort of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. ... Also see: Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ... Ferdinand II (Ferdinando Carlo, January 12, 1810 â€“ May 22, 1859) was the King of the Two Sicilies (Southern Italy) from 1830 until his death. ... Maria Christina (Carlotta Giuseppina Gaetana Elisa) of Savoy (14 November 1812, Cagliari - 21 January 1836, Caserta) was the first Queen consort of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Italian: il Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the new name that the Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of Naples bestowed upon his domain (including Southern Italy and the island of Sicily) after the end of the Napoleonic Era and the full restoration...

Biography

The son and heir of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Maria Christina of Savoy, Francis II was the last of the Bourbon kings of Naples, where he was born in 1836. His education had been much neglected and he proved a man of weak character, greatly influenced by his stepmother Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, by the priests, and by the camarilla, or reactionary court set. Ferdinand II (Ferdinando Carlo, January 12, 1810 â€“ May 22, 1859) was the King of the Two Sicilies (Southern Italy) from 1830 until his death. ... Maria Christina (Carlotta Giuseppina Gaetana Elisa) of Savoy (14 November 1812, Cagliari - 21 January 1836, Caserta) was the first Queen consort of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. ... Also see: Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ... For other uses see, Naples (disambiguation) and Napoli (disambiguation) Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Archduchess Maria Theresa (Isabella) of Austria (31 July 1816, Vienna - 8 August 1867, Albano) was the second Queen consort of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. ... A camarilla is a group of courtiers or favorites which surround a king or ruler. ...

On January 8, 1859, Francis married Maria Sophie of Bavaria, from the royal Bavarian house of Wittelsbach (younger sister of Empress Elisabeth "Sissi" of Austria). Their only daughter, Cristina, only lived three months. January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Duchess Maria Sophie Amalie in Bavaria Maria Sophie Amalie, Duchess in Bavaria, (4 October 1841, Possenhofen Castle -19 January 1925, Munich) was the last Queen consort of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. ... For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ... The Wittelsbach family is an European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. ... Elisabeth in a riding habit, from Vanity Fair, 1884. ...

He ascended the throne on the death of his father (May 22, 1859). As prime minister he at once appointed Carlo Filangieri, who, realizing the importance of the Franco-Piedmontese victories in Lombardy, advised Francis to accept the alliance with the Kingdom of Sardinia proposed by Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour. On June 7 a part of the Swiss Guard mutinied, and while the king mollified them by promising to redress their grievances, General Nunziante collected other troops, who surrounded the mutineers and shot them down. The incident resulted in the disbanding of the whole Swiss Guard, the strongest bulwark of the dynasty. is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Carlo Filangieri (1784 - October 9, 1867), prince of Satriano, Neapolitan soldier and statesman, was the son of Gaetano Filangieri, a celebrated philosopher and jurist. ... For the village of the same name in Ontario, Canada, see Lombardy, Ontario. ... Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1839: Mainland Piedmont with Savoy, Nice, and Sardinia in the inset. ... Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour (or Camillo di Cavour; August 10, 1810 â€“ June 6, 1861) was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ...

Cavour again proposed an alliance to divide the Papal States between Piedmont and Naples, the province of Rome excepted, but Francis rejected an idea which to him savoured of sacrilege. Filangieri strongly advocated a Constitution as the only measure which might save the dynasty, and on the king’s refusal he resigned. Coat of arms Map of the Papal States; the reddish area was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, the rest (grey) in 1870. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 kmÂ² (580 sq mi) - Urban 5...

Meanwhile the revolutionary parties were conspiring for the overthrow of the Bourbons in Calabria and Sicily, and Giuseppe Garibaldi was preparing for a raid in the south. A conspiracy in Sicily was discovered and the plotters punished with brutal severity, but Rosalino Pilo and Francesco Crispi had organized the movement, and when Garibaldi landed at Marsala (May 1860) with his Thousand, he conquered the island with astonishing ease. Cliffside dwellings in Tropea. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 kmÂ² (9,926 sq. ... Garibaldi in 1866. ... Francesco Crispi (October 4, 1819 â€“ August 12, 1901) was a 19th century Italian politician. ... Marsala is a seaport city located in the Province of Trapani on the island of Sicily in Italy. ... Combatants Kingdom of Italy/Kingdom of Sardinia Aid by United Kingdom Second French Empire Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Commanders Giuseppe Garibaldi Nino Bixio Enrico Cialdini Francis II of the Two Sicilies Ferdinando Lanza GiosuÃ¨ Ritucci Pietro Carlo Maria Vial de Maton A photograph of Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860. ...

These events at last frightened Francis into granting a constitution, but its promulgation was followed by disorders in Naples and the resignation of ministers, and Liborio Romano became head of the government. The disintegration of the army and navy proceeded apace, and Cavour sent a Piedmontese squadron carrying troops on board to watch events. Garibaldi, who had crossed the straits of Messina, was advancing northwards and was everywhere received by the people as a liberator. After long hesitations and even an appeal to Garibaldi himself, on the advice of Romano Francis left Naples on September 6 with his wife Maria Sophia, the court, the diplomatic corps (the French and English ministers excepted), and went by sea to Gaeta, where a large part of the army was concentrated. Liborio Romano (October 27, 1793 - July 17, 1867) was an Italian politician. ... Gaeta (ancient Latin name Caieta) is a city in Province of Latina, in Lazio, Italy. ...

The next day Garibaldi entered Naples, was enthusiastically welcomed, and formed a provisional government.

King Victor Emmanuel had decided on the invasion of the Papal States, and after occupying Romagna and the Marche entered the Neapolitan kingdom. Garibaldi’s troops defeated the Neapolitan royalists on the Volturno (October 1 and 2), while the Piedmontese captured Capua. King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy. ... Emilia-Romagna is an administrative region of Northern Italy comprising the two historic regions of Emilia and Romagna. ... // The Marche (plural, originally le marche de Ancona = the Marches of Ancona) are a region of Central Italy, bordering Emilia-Romagna north, Tuscany to the north-west, Umbria to west, Abruzzo and Latium to the south and the Adriatic Sea to the east. ... Combatants Giuseppe Garibaldi Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Commanders Giuseppe Garibaldi GiosuÃ¨ Ritucci Strength 24,000 41,000 Casualties 306 casualties, 1,328 wounded, 389 prisoners 308 casualties, 820 wounded, 2,160 prisoners Template:Capmaignbox Expedition of the Thousand The Battle of Volturnus or Volturno refers to... Capua is a city in the province of Caserta, (Campania, Italy) situated 25 km (16 mi) north of Napoli, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain. ...

Only Gaeta, Messina, and Civitella del Tronto still held out, and the siege of the former by the Piedmontese began on November 6, 1860. Both Francis and Maria Sophia behaved with great coolness and courage, and even when the French fleet, whose presence had hitherto prevented an attack by sea, was withdrawn, they still resisted; it was not until February 12, 1861 that the fortress capitulated (see Siege of Gaeta article). Messina, Italy Strait of Messina, Italy. ... Civitella del tronto is a town and comune in Teramo province, within the Abruzzo region of central Italy. ... is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito JuÃ¡rez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... now. ...

Thus the kingdom of Naples was incorporated in that of Italy, and the royal pair from then on led a wandering life in Austria, France and Bavaria. Francis died at Arco in Trentino (northern Italy). His widow survived him. For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Trentino-Alto Adige or Trentino-South Tyrol (in German: Trentino-Südtirol, in Italian: Trentino-Alto Adige) is an autonomous region in northern Italy. ...

Francis II was weak-minded and vacillating, but, although his short reign was stained with some cruel massacres and persecutions, he was less of a tyrant than his father. The courage and dignity he displayed during his reverses inspired pity and respect.

Ancestors

Ferdinand II (Ferdinando Carlo, January 12, 1810 â€“ May 22, 1859) was the King of the Two Sicilies (Southern Italy) from 1830 until his death. ... Francis I (Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe, August 14, 1777 â€“ November 8, 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. ... King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (January 12, 1751 - January 4, 1825). ... HM Queen Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily Her Majesty Queen Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily née Her Imperial & Royal Highness Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria (13 August 1752- 8 September 1814) was queen consort and de facto ruler of Naples from 1768 to 1799 and from 1799... Francis I (Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe, August 14, 1777 â€“ November 8, 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830. ... Francis I Silver coin of Francis I, dated 1754. ... Maria Louise of Parma (December 9, 1751-January 2, 1819) was queen of Spain and consort of King Charles IV of Spain. ... Maria Christina (Carlotta Giuseppina Gaetana Elisa) of Savoy (14 November 1812, Cagliari - 21 January 1836, Caserta) was the first Queen consort of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. ... Victor Emmanuel I. Victor Emmanuel I (July 24, 1759 â€“ January 10, 1824) was the Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, and Aosta, and King of Sardinia from 1802 to 1821. ... Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia. ...

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Biography

Ancestors

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References

Contents

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Ancestors

See also

References

Biography