Buckland was born and educated at Oxford, where his father was Dean of Christchurch. He studied medicine and was assistant-surgeon in the Life Guards. An enthusiastic lover of natural history, he wrote largely upon it, among his works being Fish Hatching (1863), Curiosities of Natural History (4 vols. 1857-72), Log Book of a Fisherman and Zoologist (1876) and Natural History of British Fishes (1881). He also founded and edited the periodical Land and Water. He was for a time Inspector of Salmon Fisheries, and served on various commissions. Though observant, he was not always strictly scientific in his methods and modes of expression, and he was a strong opponent of Charles Darwin.