François Alexandre Nicolas Chéri Delsarte (November 11, 1811, Solesmes—July 20, 1871, Paris) was a French-American musician, born in Solesmes, France. He was a pupil of the Conservatoire, was for a time tenor singer in the Opéra Comique, composed a few melodies, and wrote several romances, but is chiefly known as a teacher in singing and declamation. He went on to develop an acting style that attempted to connect the inner emotional experience of the actor with a systematized set of gestures and movements based upon his own observations of human interaction. This “Delsarte” method became so popular that it was taught across the country by many teachers who did not fully understand or communicate the emotional connections behind the gestures, and as a result the method devolved into melodramatic posing, the kind that Stanislavski would later develop his inner psychological methods in response to. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (618x748, 114 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): François Delsarte User:Rbraunwa/gallery5 ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (618x748, 114 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): François Delsarte User:Rbraunwa/gallery5 ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Solesmes (St-Pierre-de-Solesmes), a Benedictine abbey near Sablé, in the Sarthe department in France, founded in 1010. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Solesmes (St-Pierre-de-Solesmes), a Benedictine abbey near Sablé, in the Sarthe department in France, founded in 1010. ... Former Conservatoire building (until 1911), still used as Théâtre du Conservatoire The Conservatoire de Paris (full contemporary name Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris) is a music school in Paris, France. ... Opéra comique is a French style of opera that is a partial counterpart to the Italian opera buffa. ... A teacher writes on a blackboard in an American college. ... Declamation (also known as Oratorical Declamation or Oratorical Interpretation, commonly abbreviated to dec) is a public speaking event of the National Catholic Forensic League. ... Konstantin (Constantin) Stanislavski (Константи́н Серге́евич Станисла́вский / Алексе́ев) (January 5, 1863...

Applied Aesthetics

Delsarte studied singing at the Paris Conservatory and became unsatisfied with the arbitrary and posed style of acting taught. He began to study how humans actually moved, behaved and responded to various emotional and real life situations. He achieved this by observing people in real life and in public places of all kinds. Through his observations he discovered certain patterns of expression, eventually called Science of Applied Aesthetics. This consisted of a thorough examination of voice, breath, movement dynamics, encompassing all of the expressive elements of the human body.

Gymnastics

Towards the close of the 19th century much was said and written in America regarding Delsarte gymnastics. But François Delsarte was a teacher of emotional expression(1) through voice and gesture, and not the inventor of a system or method of gymnastics. "Relaxing" exercises and training in poise and in control of the breath form a part of the necessary preparation for effective appearance on the platform or the stage; but complete physical education of the growing child and youth could never be accomplished by such means, and the adult requires a much broader range of motor activities. Therefore, Delsarte gymnastics was an improper American application of the theories of Françoise Delsarte. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... The New International Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia first published in the 1910s. ...

Influence and Impact

Delsarte’s work inspired modern dancers such as Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis. Rudolph Laban and F.M. Alexander also studied and taught Delsarte’s teachings until they later developed their own methods (see external links for more information.) Portrait photograph by Arnold Genthe. ... Ruth St. ... Frederick Matthias Alexander (January 20, 1869–October 10, 1955) was an Australian actor who developed the educational process that is today called the Alexander Technique—a method of helping people learn to free habitual reactions of moving, learned by improving ones kinesthetic judgment. ...

Unfortunately, Delsarte never wrote a book explaining his method firsthand, and neither did his only protégé, actor Steele MacKaye. However, MacKaye’s student Genevieve Stebbins did write a book in 1885 titled The Delsarte System of Expression, and it became a wild success.

Ironically, it was the large success of the Delsarte System that was also its undoing. By the 1890’s, Delsarte was being taught everywhere, and not always in accordance with the emotional connectivity that Delsarte originally had in mind. It seems that no certification was needed to teach a course with the name Delsarte attached, and the study regressed into empty posing with little emotional truth behind it. Wangh concludes, "it led others into stereotyped and melodramatic gesticulation, devoid of the very heart that Delsarte had sought to restore."

External links

• Oxford Dictionary of Dance (subscription)

• Laban Biography and Method

References

• Wangh, Stephen. An Acrobat of the Heart: A Physical Approach to Acting Inspired by the Work of Jerzy Grotowski. New York: Vintage Books, 2000.

• Williams, Joe <http://www.delsarteproject.com/history.htm>

• This article incorporates text from an edition of the New International Encyclopedia that is in the public domain.