The Spanish Civil War officially ended on 1 April 1939, the day which Franco announced the end of hostilities. The nationalist army had won, and Franco was now undisputed leader of Spain with unlimited powers. The new State, which ruled Spain, had no political plans, and represented the interests of the clergy, the oligarchs, and the military. The following years were to be the darkest in the History of Spain, due to international isolation, massive repression, and poverty caused by the failed economic policies. However, in the end of the 50s, the economy started recovering thanks to the opening of the economy to foreign investment, and the breaking of international isolation, but the regime remained heavily authoritarian until Franco's death in 1975. The history of Spain is part of the history of Europe and of the present-day nations and states. ... Prehistoric Spain is a time period covering human development from the first hominids in Spain to the beginning of recorded history. ... Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the Iberian Peninsula, and to two of the three provinces they created there: Hispania Baetica and Hispania Tarraconensis (the third being Lusitania). ... After the disorders of the passage of the Vandals and Alans down the Mediterranean coast of Hispania from 409, the history of Medieval Spain begins with the Iberian kingdom of the Arian Visigoths (507 – 711), who were converted to Catholicism with their king Reccared in 587. ... For other uses, see Reconquista (Disambiguation). ... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History During the reign of Emperor Charles... The Age of Enlightenment came to Spain in the eighteenth century with the accession of King Philip V, the first Spanish king of the French Bourbon dynasty. ... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History Spain in the mid-nineteenth century... Flag of the Spanish First Republic The First Spanish Republic lasted only two years, between 1873 and 1874. ... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Restoration was the name given... Flag of the Second Spanish Republic The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. ... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Spanish Civil War (July 1936... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History Modern Spain begins after the death... History of Spain Series -Timeline -Roman Spain -Visigothic Spain -Moorish Spain -Age of Reconquest -Age of Expansion -Age of Enlightenment -Reaction and Revolution -First Spanish Republic -The Restoration -Second Spanish Republic -Spanish Civil War -The Dictatorship -Modern Spain Topics -Economic History -Military History -Social History The military history of Spain... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Spanish Civil War (July 1936... Events The first full year in the life of Jesus as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his Anno Domini era. ... April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The name Franco may refer to: Francisco Franco, Dictator of Spain from 1936 to 1975 Francois Luambo Makiadi, a Congolese musician and founder of the band OK Jazz active from the 1950s to 1980s ...

Genesis of the government during the Civil War (1936-1939)

The main anti-republican army officers held an informal meeting in September 1936, in which they choose Francisco Franco as chief of the State Government. This way, Franco became the leader of the nationalists, and the new state, with unlimited and absolute military and politic powers. The first measures taken by this provisional government, which ruled over the territories controlled by the nationalist side during the Civil War were the prohibition of all political parties and syndicates, the creation of a sole legal party called Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS, the abolishment of the rights of strike, free speech and the revocal of the Autonomy Statutes. September is the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Francisco Franco Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade (December 4, 1892 – November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. ... A civil war is a war in which the competing parties are segments of the same country or empire. ... The Falange or sometimes the Phalange is the name assigned to several political movements and parties dating from the 1930s, most particularly the original movement in Spain. ...

Franco's Regime during the Second World War (1939-1945)

Unlike the Second Republic, Franco's rule was centralist, and Autonomous Regions had no privileges except for Navarre because it had provided crucial help for his side during the Civil War. The state administration was filled up by military officers during this period, and 67% of towns had military mayors. The legal bases of the regime were not completely written until 1969, this process took place slowly, consisting of a series of laws which were written during the years, and gave us an insight into the ideology of the regime. In 1940, the Vertical Syndicate was created. This syndicate would end corporate struggle, as it grouped together workers and bosses according to corporative principles. It was the only legal syndicate, and was under government control. During the Second World War, Spain remained neutral, but was heavily sympathetic of the Axis powers, and even negotiated entry on the axis side, but it remained neutral after Hitler did not accept Franco's requests for entering the war, but he did send a special force called the División Azul to fight the USSR during Operation Barbarossa. Franco at first was sure of the success of the axis powers in winning the war, but after the Battle of Stalingrad, he ordered the return of the División Azul, and soon after he started dismissing pro-Nazi falangists from his government, including Ramón Serrano Suñer. He even broke diplomatic relationships with Japan soon before their defeat. In the social side, Spain was a divided country after the war. Franco had decided to cleanse all liberals, socialists, anarchists and communists from the map, so all opposition to the regime was dealt with harshly (executions and imprisonments). The catholic propaganda caused Spain to become a deeply conservative country, lacking freedom of cult and rights like divorce. Flag of the Second Spanish Republic The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people. ... Navarre (Spanish Navarra, Basque Nafarroa) is an autonomous community and province of Spain. ... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Spanish Civil War (July 1936... 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The Axis Powers is a term for those participants in World War II opposed to the Allies. ... Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... The Blue Division (Spanish División Azul), also known as , was a unit of Spanish volunteers that served on the German side of the Second World War, mainly on the Eastern Front. ... Original German plan Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the German codename for Nazi Germanys invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II that commenced on June 22, 1941. ... The Battle of Stalingrad was a major turning point in World War II, and is considered the bloodiest and largest battle in human history and arguably one of the greatest come-backs in military history. ... Ramón Serrano Súñer (September 12, 1901 – September 1, 2003), was a Spanish politician and creator of the radio station Radio Intercontinental. ...

Isolation after the War (1945-1953)

After the war, the Allies founded the United Nations, in which Spain was not allowed to enter. A resolution condemning the Franco government was soon to come, which encouraged countries to remove their ambassadors in Spain, and established the bases for measures against Spain, if the government remained authoritarian. This was because the UN considered that the government in Spain was not the one the people wanted, and it had been established through a civil war with the help of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Although these measures never took place, and the resolution just boosted support for the regime at home, but only 5 ambassadors remained in Spain, and the frontier with France was closed. In 1947, Franco set the basis for his successor in the Ley de Sucesión en la Jefatura del Estado, implying that his successor must be a man, of catholic origin. This Law also gave Franco the right to be Chief of the Spanish State for life. The economy of Spain during these years was disastrous. The falangists had attempted to introduce an autarquic economy in Spain, cutting imports, and organizing production and commercialization of several first order goods, even introducing rationing cards. This caused the economy to halt, industrial production to diminish, due to lack of raw materials, and massive inflation. The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ... The name Franco may refer to: Francisco Franco, Dictator of Spain from 1936 to 1975 Francois Luambo Makiadi, a Congolese musician and founder of the band OK Jazz active from the 1950s to 1980s ... Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, refers to the right-wing authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... An autarky is an economy that does no trade with the outside world, or an ecosystem not affected by influences from its outside, and relies entirely on its own resources. ...

The breaking of the isolation (1953-1957)

The increased tensions between the USA and the USSR in the 1950s, caused the USA to look for new allies in Europe. Franco’s anticommunism was taken into account, and several treaties allowing opening of military bases in Spain were signed in 1953. The USA in return gave Spain economic aid, some as a donation, some to be returned. This soon turned into huge debts for Spain, and the State almost went bankrupt. The isolation was broken by signing a pact with the Vatican, and the joining into the UN. A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

The Spanish Miracle (1957-1967)

Main article: Spanish Miracle A white Seat 600 The Spanish Miracle was the name given to the Spanish economic recovery between 1959 and 1969. ...

In 1957, the State faced bankruptcy, due to a heavy trade deficit in imports and exports, and external debt. Franco substituted most of his government for technocrats from Opus Dei. These ministers liberalized the economy, without touching the authoritarian character of the regime. Several stabilization plans, in which the economy was open to foreign investment, and tourism, modernized Spain, even though it still remained the second most backward country in West Europe, it brought a great amount of social change: increased middle classes, rural emigration and a change in the role of women. Emigrants sending in their wages from abroad also helped balance the imports and exports. During these years, the industrialization of Spain was completed, and the ‘black post-war years’ ended. These years the opposition to the regime also increased. A conference in Munich was held by all political parties opposed to Franco, except the Communist Party of Spain, which had gained heavy influence in university professors and students, as well as intellectuals. The Comisiones which were the base for the syndicate Comisiones Obreras were founded, and ETA was founded too during this time in the Basque Country. Some attempts at reform also took place thanks to people like Manuel Fraga, but the most important person after Franco at this time was Luis Carrero Blanco. These laws included some degree of press freedom (1966) and freedom of cult (1967). Lastly, in 1967, Juan Carlos de Borbón was named successor to Franco, in front of the Cortes. 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about a movement that supports the use of technology to enhance society. ... Message of Saint Josemaría Escrivá, Founder of Opus Dei: Joy comes from knowing we are children of God The Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, commonly known as Opus Dei (Latin The Work of God), is a Roman Catholic organization founded on October 2, 1928, by Josemar... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München (pronounced listen) is the state capital of the German state of Bavaria. ... Categories: Communist parties | Spanish political parties ... Workers Commissions (Comisiones Obreras, CCOO). ... ETA logo Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, or ETA (IPA: [ˈɛːta]), is an armed Basque separatist organisation that seeks, through means including violence, to create an independent socialist state for the Basque people, separate from Spain and France, the states that currently control the Basque country. ... This article is about the traditional Basque domain. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Luís Carrero Blanco (March 4, 1903 – December 20, 1973) was a Spanish admiral and statesman. ... 1966 was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... King Juan Carlos I His Majesty King Juan Carlos I (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón), styled HM The King (born January 5, 1938), is the reigning King of Spain. ...

Franco's Last Years (1967-1975)

In 1972, the world faced an economic crisis due to the increased crude oil prices. This crisis hit Spain badly, as it depended heavily on petrol for electricity and transport. This caused a new sprawl of strikes (still illegal at the time), Franco's declining health gave more power to Admiral Carrero Blanco, however, he was assassinated by ETA in 1973. Carlos Arias Navarro took over as President of the Government, first suggesting some reforms to the decaying regime, but he was pressured by the bunker, which did not want any kind of reforms. In 1974 Franco fell ill, and Juan Carlos took over as Chief of State. Spain was under pressure to decolonize the Spanish Sahara. The Moroccan Green March crossed the borders and Spain quickly left the territory passing the administration to Morocco and Mauritania against the purpose of the Polisario Front. Franco soon recovered, but fell ill once again, and after a long agony, died on 20 November 1975. 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... ETA logo Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, or ETA (IPA: [ˈɛːta]), is an armed Basque separatist organisation that seeks, through means including violence, to create an independent socialist state for the Basque people, separate from Spain and France, the states that currently control the Basque country. ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... Carlos Arias Navarro ( Madrid 1908 - 1989) was one of the best known Spanish politicians during the dictatorship of General Franco. ... 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ... King Juan Carlos I His Majesty King Juan Carlos I (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón), styled HM The King (born January 5, 1938), is the reigning King of Spain. ... Spanish Sahara was the name used for the modern territory of Western Sahara when it was ruled by Spain. ... for the historical event see: History of Western Sahara for the aerobatic team see: Marche Verte This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Peoples Liberation Front of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro) is an army and political movement in the Western Sahara, principally... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ...