Frank Glasgow Tinker (July 14, 1909 – June 13, 1939) was an American mercenary fighter pilot during the Spanish Civil War. July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... A mercenary is a soldier who fights or engages in warfare primarily for private gain, usually with little regard for ideological, national, or political considerations, however, when the term mercenary is used to refer to a soldier of a national, regular army, it usually is an insult, epithet or pejorative. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with aerial warfare. ... Combatants Spanish Republic CNT-FAI UGT POUM Soviet Union International Brigades Spanish State Falangists Carlists Fascist Italy Nazi Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Casualties Civilians killed/wounded = hundreds of thousands The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17, 1936 to April...

He was born in Kaplan, Louisiana, and grew up in DeWitt, Arkansas. In 1926 he joined the US Navy hoping to become a naval aviator. In 1933 he graduated from the Naval Academy. In 1934 he was enlisted in the US Navy aviation and became a pilot of a reconnaissance floatplane of USS San Francisco cruiser. Because of problems with alcohol and brawls, he was dismissed from the Navy. Kaplan is a small city located in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana. ... De Witt is a city located in Arkansas County, Arkansas. ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... Teamwork: Fourth Class Midshipmen lock arms and use ropes made from uniform items as they brace themselves climbing the Herndon Monument The United States Naval Academy, or USNA, is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... A DeHavilland Single Otter floatplane in Harbour Air livery A seaplane is an aircraft designed to take off and land on water. ... See USS San Francisco for other ships of the same name. ...

After the start of the Spanish Civil War, Tinker offered his service to a Republican side, reportedly because of his aversion to fascist regime of Benito Mussolini, who was helping the Nationalists. He negotiated a high salary of $1,500 monthly, and a premium $1,000 for any aircraft he shot down. Under a nom de guerre Francisco Gomez Trejo he went to Spain via France. Combatants Spanish Republic CNT-FAI UGT POUM Soviet Union International Brigades Spanish State Falangists Carlists Fascist Italy Nazi Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Casualties Civilians killed/wounded = hundreds of thousands The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17, 1936 to April... Fascism is a radical political ideology that combines elements of corporatism, authoritarianism, nationalism, militarism, anti-anarchism, anti-communism and anti-liberalism. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the Prime-Minister and dictator of Italy from 1922 until his overthrow in 1943. ... A pseudonym or allonym is a name (sometimes legally adopted, sometimes purely fictitious) used by an individual as an alternative to their birth name. ...

For a short time, from January 6, 1937, he served in a light bomber squadron, flying on obsolete Breguet 19 bombers. From January 23, he, along with some other American pilots, was assigned to a fighter unit, 1st Escuadrilla de Chatos commanded by Andres Garcia La Calle, flying Soviet biplanes Polikarpov I-15 "Chato". In 1937, he flew many combat missions against the Fascists, generally duelling against Germans and Italians. The squadron first entered action on February 10, and took part in a Battle of Guadalajara. On March 14, Tinker shot down his first aircraft, the Italian fighter Fiat CR.32. On March 20 he shot down another CR.32, and on April 17 he shot down German Heinkel He 51 fighter from Legion Condor over Teruel. January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... A bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground targets, primarily by dropping bombs. ... The Breguet 19 (Breguet XIX, Br. ... Andres Garcia La Calle (1909-1980) In Spanish Andrés García La Calle , his family name is usually encountered in one word : Lacalle. ... The Polikarpov I-15 Чайка Seagull was a Soviet fighter aircraft that first flew in October 1933 by V.P.Chkalov. ... Fascism is a radical political ideology that combines elements of corporatism, authoritarianism, nationalism, militarism, anti-anarchism, anti-communism and anti-liberalism. ... The Guadalajara Offensive (8 March – 23 March 1937) was an engagement in the Spanish Civil War. ... Fiat CR.32 The Fiat CR.32 was a Italian biplane fighter used in the Spanish Civil War and WW2. ... The Heinkel He 51 was a single-seat biplane which was produced in a number of different versions. ... The Condor Legion (Legión Cóndor in Spanish) was a unit of Nazi Germanys air force which was sent as volunteers to support the Nationalists (i. ... Teruels location within Spain Mudéjar tower in Teruel Teruel (Aragonese: Tergüel) is a city in Aragon, Spain, the capital of Teruel Province. ...

On May 3, 1937, Tinker was assigned to 1st Escuadrilla de Moscas, commanded by the Russian, Ivan Lakyeyev, flying on faster fighters Polikarpov I-16 "Mosca". On June 2 and June 16 he shot down another CR.32's. On July 13, as the first American, he shot down one of the most modern German fighters Messerschmitt Bf 109B near Madrid ; it was the number 6-4 of the squadron 2G77 flown by Sgt. Guido Honess who happened to be the first ever German to win 3 victories on this new type of aircraft. On July 17, Tinker had another Bf109B shot down. He was actually the first ever pilot to shoot down a Messerschmitt plane. This first version of the Bf109 was not a good climber and Tinker got on his back while the German tried to gain altitude after a dive on him - a lethal mistake according to Tinker. The scene is described in detail in his book Some Still Live. His last victory was the FIAT CR.32, on July 18, 1937. He flew his last missions on July 29, 1937 then he returned to the USA. May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Polikarpov I-16 was the worlds most advanced fighter aircraft when it was introduced in the mid-1930s, and soon formed the majority of the Soviet Air Forces units. ... The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a World War II fighter aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt in the early 1930s. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Frank Glasgow Tinker. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In total, he shot down eight enemy planes, surviving many close calls with gunners as well as malfunctioning equipment. In his official flight logbook there are claims for 19 victories. He should have shared a number of kills against Ju 52 bombers with the 1st LaCalle. However, due to the complex Spanish system of verifying air kills and the consequent extra fees paid to mercenaries, many of them were often not credited, either because the enemy planes crashed over the opponent's territory or as a means to avoid payment by the Spaniards. The Junkers Ju 52 nicknamed Tante Ju (Auntie Ju) and Iron Annie was a civilian airliner and military transport aircraft and bomber manufactured between 1932 and 1945 by Junkers. ...

Eventually, he fell victim to shell shock due to the constant combat. In 1938, he wrote a book detailing his war experiences, Some Still Live, which was first published in serial form in the Saturday Evening Post. Ernest Hemingway was notably a fan, lauding it to Maxwell Perkins. However, soon after the book was published, Tinker committed suicide by a gunshot wound to his head in a Little Rock hotel. The military term combat stress reaction (CSR) comprises the range of adverse behaviours in reaction to the stress of combat and combat related activities. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Frank Glasgow Tinker. ... Serial is a term, originating in literature, for a format by which a story is told in contiguous installments in sequential issues of a single periodical publication. ... There have been many publications called the Saturday Evening Post; several were/are local British newspapers. ... Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. ... Maxwell Perkins (1884-1947) was the famous editor of novelists F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Thomas Wolfe, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, and others, at the publisher Charles Scribners Sons during the first half of the 20th Century. ... Nickname: Rocktown, The Rock, Capital City Coordinates: Country United States State Arkansas County Pulaski Founded 1821 Incorporated 1831 Mayor Jim Dailey Area    - City 302. ...

The reasons for his death relate to the bad treatment he received from the FBI due to his warm support to the Republican cause. He asked to return to the US Navy or US Army as a pilot but he was rejected. He even threatened to return to Spain to continue fighting. At the end he was haunted by the thought he had betrayed his commarades and himself. His mate in arms Albert John Baumler , nicknamed 'Ajax' (from his name acronym A.J.), proposed him to join the Flying Tigers in China. His signed request was found next to his death bed near an empty bottle of whiskey. On his tombstone the local priest engraved the phrase in spanish :'Quien Sabe ?' (Who knows ?) The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... Albert John Ajax Baumler (April 17, 1914 - August 2, 1973) was an American fighter ace during the Spanish Civil War and World War II. He was born in Bayonne, New Jersey. ... This article concerns the American Volunteer Group, a World War II unit usually known as the Flying Tigers. For other uses of the term see Flying Tigers (disambiguation). ...

Aircraft Profiles

Image File history File links I-15_Polikarpov_Tinker. ...

The I-15 Polikarpov No 56 flown by FG Tinker in the 1st Sq Lacalle

Image File history File links I-16_Polikarpov_Tinker. ...

The I-16 Polikarpov No CM-023 flown by FG Tinker in the 1st Sq Moscas with which he shot down the 2 German Bf109B

See also

• Yankee Squadron

Eddie August Schneider of the Yankee Squadron in The New York Times on January 16, 1937 Americans who piloted military aircraft against Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. ...

External links

• Biplane fighter aces - Jr Frank Glasgow Tinker
• Frank Tinker The American Ace in Spain