This article is about the early 20th century chess champion. For the late 20th century film producer, see Frank Marshall (movie producer). Frank Marshall (born September 13, 1946) is an American movie producer and director, often working in collaboration with Kathleen Kennedy. ...

Frank Marshall

Frank James Marshall (August 10, 1877 – November 9, 1944), was the U.S. Chess Champion from 1909-1936, and was one of the world's strongest chess players in the early part of the 20th century. Frank Marshall This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Frank Marshall This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... See also: U.S. Womens Chess Championship Winner list: 2005 Hikaru Nakamura 2004 Alexander Shabalov 2003 Alexander Shabalov 2002 Larry Christiansen 2000 Joel Benjamin / Alexander Shabalov / Yasser Seirawan 1999 Boris Gulko 1998 Nick de Firmian 1997 Joel Benjamin 1996 Alex Yermolinsky 1995 Nick de Firmian / Patrick Wolff / Alexander Ivanov... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Many countries claim to have invented the chess game in some incipient form. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

Chess career

Marshall was born in New York City, and lived in Montreal, Canada from ages 8–19. He began playing chess at the age of 10 and by 1890 was one of the leading players in Montreal. Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the United States, the most densely populated major city in North America, and is at the center of international finance, politics, entertainment, and culture. ... Main article: History of Montreal Algonquin, Huron, and Iroquois have inhabited the Montreal area for some eight thousand years. ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

He won the U.S. chess championship in 1904, but did not accept the title because the current U.S. champion, Harry Nelson Pillsbury did not compete. 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Harry Nelson Pillsbury (December 5, 1872 - July, 1906), was United States Chess Champion from 1898 until his death in 1906. ...

In 1906, Pillsbury died and Marshall again refused the championship title until he won it in competition in 1909. 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1907 he played a match against World Chess Champion Emanuel Lasker for the title and lost 8 games, winning none and drawing 7. They played their match in New York, Philadelphia, Washington, DC, Baltimore, Chicago, and Memphis from January 26 to April 8, 1907. 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ... Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki (R) Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Philadelphia is a village located in Jefferson County, New York. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... This article is about the city in the US state of Maryland. ... Chicago (officially named the City of Chicago) is the third largest city in the United States (after New York City and Los Angeles), with an official population of 2,896,016, as of the 2000 census. ... City nickname: The River City or The Bluff City Location in the state of Tennessee County Shelby County, Tennessee Area  - Total  - Water 763. ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1909, he agreed to play a match with a young Cuban named José Raúl Capablanca, and to most people's surprise, lost 8 games, drew 14 and could only win one. After this thrashing, the chivalrous Marshall became one of Capablanca's biggest supporters, insisting the Cuban be invited to play in the international tournament at San Sebastian in 1911. San Sebastian was an exclusive tournament, designed to be one of the strongest ever held, inviting only masters who had proven themselves by winning lesser tournaments. Capablanca was allowed to play, largely on Marshall's insistence, and Capablanca repaid Marshall's endorsement by not only avoiding being thrashed, but instead actually winning the tournament. José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 - March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess master in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Geography > Europe > Spain > Basque Country > Guipúzcoa San Sebastián with sailboats Statue of Jesus on Urgull Mountain San Sebastián (Donostia in Basque) is the capital city of the province of Guipúzcoa, in the Spanish autonomous community of Basque Country. ... 1911 was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

At St. Petersburg in 1914, Marshall became one of the five original "grandmasters" of chess. The other four were Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine, and Tarrasch. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The five original grandmasters of chess, from left to right: Lasker (seated), Alekhine, Capablanca, Marshall, Tarrasch (seated) The title International Grandmaster is awarded to world-class chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. ... Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 - March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess master in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin) (in Russian, Александр Александрович Але́хин), (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a chess master and a former World Chess Champion. ... Siegbert Tarrasch (March 5, 1862 – February 17, 1934) was one of the strongest chess players of the late 19th century. ...

In 1915 he opened the Marshall Chess Club in New York. 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki (R) Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ...

In 1936 he relinquished his U.S. championship title to the winner of a Championship tournament. The first such tournament was sponsored by the National Chess Federation, and held in New York. The Marshall Chess Club donated the trophy, and the first winner was Samuel Reshevsky. Marshall held the U.S. title for 29 years. 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Samuel Herman (Sammy) Reshevsky (born November 26, 1911, Ozorkow, Poland - died April 4, 1992, New York, USA) was a leading American chess Grandmaster. ...

In the 1930s, Marshall captained the US team at the Chess Olympiads, and inspired them to four gold medals from four olympiads. After one of the rounds, he returned to the board and found that his comrades had agreed to three draws. After he finished his own game, he gave each of them a stern talk individually on how draws don't win games or matches. They got the message. Never again has the US team repeated the great successes of Marshall's teams. This article or section should include material from Chess tournament history The Chess Olympiad is a chess event which has been officially organised by FIDE since 1927 and takes place every second year. ...

Assessment

Marshall was best known for his great tactical skill. One aspect of this was the "Marshall swindle", where a trick would turn a lost game around. Not so well known now, but appreciated in his day, was his endgame skill. In chess, the endgame (or end game or ending) refers to the stage of the game when there are few pieces left on the board. ...

Opening theory

Frank Marshall has a number of chess opening variations named after him. Remarkably for a player who died over 60 years ago, two gambit variations that are still theoretically important today are named after him. One is the Marshall Attack in the Ruy Lopez (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O 8.c3 d5 in algebraic notation). Marshall's first well-known game with this opening was against José Raúl Capablanca in 1918, although Marshall had previously played it in other games that did not gain widespread attention. Even though Capablanca won in a game widely regarded as a typical example of Capa's defensive genius,[1] Marshall's opening idea became quite popular. Black gets good attacking chances and scores close to 50% with the Marshall, an excellent result. The Marshall Attack is so well-respected that many top players, including Garry Kasparov, choose to avoid it with "Anti-Marshall" variations such as 8.a4. The first moves of a chess game are the opening moves, collectively referred to as the opening. ... The Ruy Lopez, sometimes known as the Spanish Game, is a chess opening characterised by the moves 1. ... Algebraic chess notation is the method used today by all competition chess organizations and most books, magazines, and newspapers to record and describe the play of chess games. ... José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 - March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess master in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Garry Kasparov Garry Kimovich Kasparov (, pronounced with stress falling on the second syllable: kas-PA-rov) (born April 13, 1963) is a chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players in history. ...

An important gambit in the Semi-Slav Defense is also named after Marshall. That "Marshall Gambit" begins 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 e6 4.e4!? Now the main line runs 4...dex4 5.Nxe4 Bb4+ 6.Bd2 (6.Nc3 saves the pawn but is not considered dangerous) Qxd4 7.Bxb4 Qxe4+ 8.Be2 with sharp and unclear play. The Semi-Slav Defense is a variation of the Queens Gambit chess opening, defined by the opening moves (in algebraic notation 1. ...

Win over Capablanca with Black

Although Marshall had a negative record against Capablanca (+2 -20 =28), he was one of a few players who beat him with black pieces. The game was played in Havana in 1913 (moves given in Algebraic chess notation): Havana (Spanish: San Cristóbal de La Habana; UN/LOCODE: Habana (CU HAV)) is the capital of Cuba and, with a population of 2. ... Link title1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Algebraic chess notation is the method used today by all competition chess organizations and most books, magazines, and newspapers to record and describe the play of chess games. ...

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nxe5 d6 4. Nf3 Nxe4 5. d4 d5 6. Bd3 Bg4 7. O-O Nc6 8. c3 Be7 9. Nbd2 Nxd2 10. Bxd2 O-O 11. h3 Bh5 12. Re1 Qd7 13. Bb5 Bd6 14. Ne5 Bxe5 15. Qxh5 Bf6 16. Bf4 Rae8 17. Re3 Rxe3 18. fxe3 a6 19. Ba4 b5 20. Bc2 g6 21. Qf3 Bg7 22. Bb3 Ne7 23. e4 dxe4 24. Qxe4 c6 25. Re1 Nd5 26. Bxd5 cxd5 27. Qe7 Qc8 28. Bd6 h6 29. Rf1 f6 30. Re1 Rd8 31. Bc5 Kh7 32. Qf7 Qf5 33. Be7 Qd7 34. Kf1 Rf8 35. Qe6 Qxe6 36. Rxe6 Re8 37. Re2 Kg8 38. b3 Kf7 39. Bc5 Rxe2 40. Kxe2 f5 41. Kd3 Ke6 42. c4 bxc4+ 43. bxc4 g5 44. g4 f4 45. Bb4 Bf6 46. Bf8 dxc4+ 47. Kxc4 f3 48. d5+ Ke5 49. Kd3 Kf4 50. Bd6+ Be5 51. Bc5 Kg3 52. Ke4 Bf4 53. d6 f2 0-1

Capablanca rarely lost in the endgame. In chess, the endgame (or end game or ending) refers to the stage of the game when there are few pieces left on the board. ...

External links

• Kmoch, Hans (2004). Grandmasters I have Known: Frank James Marshall. Chesscafe.com.

Books

• Frank Marshall, My Fifty Years of Chess ISBN 1843820536.
• Andy Soltis, Frank Marshall, United States Chess Champion: A Biography With 220 Games, 1994, ISBN 0899508871.