Chiricahua Apache, Hattie Tom, photograph by Frank Rinehart, 1898.

Frank Albert Rinehart (February 12, 1861–December 17, 1928) was an American artist, photographer and painter, famous for his works portraying Native American personalities and scenes, especially the leaders and members of the delegations who attended the 1898 Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha. Download high resolution version (502x640, 34 KB) Chiricahua Apache, Hattie Tom American Memory from the Library of Congress Hattie Tom, Apache / copyright F. A. Rinehart, Omaha. ... Download high resolution version (502x640, 34 KB) Chiricahua Apache, Hattie Tom American Memory from the Library of Congress Hattie Tom, Apache / copyright F. A. Rinehart, Omaha. ... Seal of the Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma Chiricahua (also Chiricahua Apaches, Chiricagui, Apaches de Chiricahui, Chiricahues, Chilicague, Chilecagez, Chiricagua) refers to a group of bands of Apache that formerly lived in the general areas of southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and in northern Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico (it... Group of Apaches Apache is the collective name for several culturally related nations of Native Americans, aboriginal inhabitants of North America, who speak a Southern Athabaskan language. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Categories: United States-related stubs | Worlds Fairs ... Flag Seal Nickname: Gateway to the West Location Location in Nebraska Coordinates , Government Country   State     County United States   Nebraska     Douglas Founded   Incorporated 1854   1857 Mayor Michael Fahey Geographical characteristics Area     City 307. ...

Biography

Rinehart was born in Lodi, Illinois. He and his brother, Alfred, moved to Colorado in the 1870's and found employment at the Charles Bohm photography studio, in Denver. In 1881 the Rinehart brothers formed a partnership with famous Western photographer William Henry Jackson, who had achieved widespread fame for his images of the West. Under Jackson's teachings, Rinehart's perfected his professional skills, and developed a keen interest in Native American culture. Frank Rinehart and Anna, the receptionist of Jackson's studio, married and in 1885 moved to Nebraska. In downtown Omaha, Rinehart opened a studio in the Brandeis Building, where he worked until his death. Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... This article refers to the state capital of Colorado. ... William Henry Jackson, 1862 William Henry Jackson (April 4, 1843 - June 30, 1942) was an American painter, photographer and explorer famous for his images of the American West. ... Official language(s) English Capital Lincoln Largest city Omaha Area  Ranked 16th  - Total 77,421 sq mi (200,520 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 430 miles (690 km)  - % water 0. ...

In 1898, and in occasion of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, Rinehart was commissioned to photograph the event and the Native American personalities who attended it ^[1]. Together with his assistant Adolph Muhr (who would later be employed by the famous photographer Edward S. Curtis), they produced what is now considered "one of the best photographic documentations of Indian leaders at the turn of the century". ^[2] Tom Southall, former photograph curator at the University of Kansas' Spencer Art Museum, said of the Rinehart collection: Edward Sheriff Curtis (1868-1952) circa 1889 Edward Sheriff Curtis (February 16, 1868 – October 19, 1952) was a photographer of the American West and of Native American peoples. ... The University of Kansas (often referred to as just KU or Kansas) is an institution of higher learning located in Lawrence, Kansas. ...

"The dramatic beauty of these portraits is especially impressive as a departure from earlier, less sensitive photographs of Native Americans. Instead of being detached, ethnographic records, the Rinehart photographs are portraits of individuals with an emphasis on strength of expression. While Rinehart and Muhr were not the first photographers to portray Indian subjects with such dignity, this large body of work which was widely seen and distributed may have had an important influence in changing subsequent portrayals of Native Americans." ^[2]

Rinehart and Muhr photographed American Indians at the Congress in a studio on the Exposition grounds with an 8 x 10 glass-negative camera with a German lens. Platinum prints were produced to achieve the broad range of tonal values that medium afforded. ^[3]

After the Omaha Congress, Rinehart and Muhr travelled the Indian reservations for two years, portraying Native American leaders who had not attended the event, as well as depicting general aspects of the indigenous everyday life and culture. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

The collection of Rinehart Indian Photographs is currently preserved at Haskell Indian Nations University. Since 1994, the collection has been organized, preserved, copied, and cataloged in a computer database, funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Hallmark Foundation. It includes images from the 1898 Exposition, the 1899 Greater American Exposition, studio portraits from 1900, and photographs by Rinehart taken at the Crow Agency in Montana also in 1900. Haskell Indian Nations University is a four year degree granting university in Lawrence, Kansas which offers free tuition to members of registered Native American tribes in the United States. ... The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) responsibility is the administration and management of 55. ... Hallmark Cards, a privately owned American company based in Kansas City, Missouri, is the largest manufacturer of greeting cards in the United States. ... Crow Agency is a census-designated place located in Big Horn County, Montana. ... Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area  Ranked 4th  - Total 147,165 sq mi (381,156 km²)  - Width 255 miles (410 km)  - Length 630 miles (1,015 km)  - % water 1  - Latitude 44°26 N to 49° N  - Longitude 104°2 W to 116°2 W Population  Ranked...

References

• Beyond the Reach of Time and Change: Native American Reflections on the Frank A. Rinehart Photograph Collection, by Simon J. Ortiz. University of Arizona Press (April 28, 2005)

1. ^ see Westward the Empire site, Indian Congress section
2. ^ ^a b excerpted from the Kansas City Area Archivists
3. ^ From the U.S. department of Interior Museum online gallery of the 1898 Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition

Gallery

Sarah Whislter, Sauk and Fox woman. For the abbreviation or acronym SAC, please see SAC. The Sauks or Sacs (Asakiwaki in their own language) are a group of Native Americans whose original territory may have been along the St. ...	Yellow Shirt, Hunkpapa Sioux chief. The Sioux (also: Lakota) are a Native American people. ...	White Buffalo, Cheyenne chief. The Cheyenne are a Native American nation of the Great Plains. ...	Wah-Ta-Waso, Iroquois woman. The Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee, also known as the League of Peace and Power, Five Nations, or Six Nations) is a group of First Nations/Native Americans. ...
Kicking Horse, Flathead Salish chief. The Coast Salish are a Salishan-speaking First Nations/Native American culture that inhabited an area centered in southwestern British Columbia in Canada and western Washington in the United States for several millennia up to the time of arrival of the Europeans in the 19th century. ...	Geronimo, Chiricahua Apache leader. Geronimo Geronimo (Chiricahua Goyaałé One Who Yawns; often spelled Goyathlay in English), (June 16, 1829–February 17, 1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who long warred against the encroachment of the white man on tribal lands. ... Seal of the Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma Chiricahua (also Chiricahua Apaches, Chiricagui, Apaches de Chiricahui, Chiricahues, Chilicague, Chilecagez, Chiricagua) refers to a group of bands of Apache that formerly lived in the general areas of southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and in northern Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico (it... Group of Apaches Apache is the collective name for several culturally related nations of Native Americans, aboriginal inhabitants of North America, who speak a Southern Athabaskan language. ...	Freckle Face, Arapahoe woman. Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ...	Bonie Tela, San Carlos Apache; and Hattie Tom, Chiricahua Apache. San Carlos means Saint Charles in the Spanish language. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Frank Rinehart

• LJWorld Photogalleries: Frank Rinehart
• U.S. department of Interior Museum (online gallery of the 1898 Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition)