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In the broadest sense, a fraud is a deception made for personal gain. The specific legal definition varies by legal jurisdiction. Fraud is a crime, and is also a civil law violation. Many hoaxes are fraudulent, although those not made for personal gain are not technically frauds. Defrauding people of money is presumably the most common type of fraud, but there have also been many fraudulent "discoveries" in art, archaeology, and science. The John Cooke Fraud Report offers a three word fraud definition: "Gain Through Misrepresentation." Image File history File links Scale_of_justice. ...
Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. ...
This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...
Actus reus is the action (or inaction, in the case of criminal negligence and similar crimes which are sometimes called acts of omission) which, in combination with the mens rea (guilty mind), produces criminal liability in common law based criminal law jurisdictions such as the United States, United Kingdom. ...
Causation is the bringing about of a result, and in law it is an element in various tests for legal liability. ...
For other uses, see concurrency. ...
The mens rea is the Latin term for guilty mind used in the criminal law. ...
In the criminal law, intention is one of the three general classes of mens rea necessary to constitute a conventional as opposed to strict liability crime. ...
In English criminal law, intention is one of the types of mens rea (Latin for guilty mind) that, when accompanied by an actus reus (Latin for guilty act) constitutes a crime. ...
In the criminal law, recklessness (sometimes also termed willful blindness which may have a different meaning in the United States) is one of the three possible classes of mental state constituting mens rea (the Latin for guilty mind). To commit an offence of ordinary as opposed to strict liability, the...
Willful blindess is a term used in law to describe a situation in which an individual seeks to avoid civil or criminal liability for a wrongful act by intentionally putting himself in a position where he will be unaware of facts which would render him liable. ...
Criminal negligence, in the realm of criminal common law, is a legal term of art for a state of mind which is careless, inattentive, neglectful, willfully blind, or reckless; it is the mens rea part of a crime which, if occurring simultaneously with the actus reus, gives rise to criminal...
Ignorantia juris non excusat or Ignorantia legis neminem excusat (Latin for ignorance of the law does not excuse) is a public policy holding that a person who is unaware of a law may not escape liability for violating that law merely because he or she was unaware of its content...
The legal principle of vicarious liability applies to hold one person liable for the actions of another when engaged in some form of joint or collective activity. ...
In the criminal law, corporate liability determines the extent to which a corporation as a fictitious person can be liable for the acts and omissions of the natural persons it employs. ...
In criminal law, strict liability is liability where mens rea (Latin for guilty mind) does not have to be proved in relation to one or more elements comprising the actus reus (Latin for guilty act) although intention, recklessness or knowledge may be required in relation to other elements of the...
For the record label, see Felony Records The term felony is a term used in common law systems for very serious crimes, whereas misdemeanors are considered to be less serious offenses. ...
In many common law jurisdictions (e. ...
A hybrid offence or dual offence are the special offences in Canadian criminal law where the prosecution may choose whether to proceed with a summary offence or an indictment. ...
A misdemeanor, or misdemeanour, in many common law legal systems, is a lesser criminal act. ...
For the similarly written medical term referring to a blocked artery, see infarction. ...
A lesser included offense, in criminal law, is a crime for which all of the elements necessary to impose liability are also elements found in a more serious crime. ...
This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Mayhem, under the common law of crimes, consisted of the intentional and wanton removal of a body part that would handicap a persons ability to defend themselves in combat. ...
In the United States, larceny is a common law crime involving stealing. ...
The Skyline Parkway Motel in Afton, Virginia after an arson fire on July 9, 2004. ...
False pretenses is a common law crime. ...
Extortion is a criminal offense, which occurs when a person either obtains money, property or services from another through coercion or intimidation or threatens one with physical harm unless they are paid money or property. ...
Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ...
Computer crime, cybercrime, e-crime, hi-tech crime or electronic crime generally refers to criminal activity where a computer or network is the tool, target, or place of a crime. ...
Modern Obstruction of Justice, in a common law state, refers to the crime of offering interference of any sort to the work of police, investigators, regulatory agencies, prosecutors, or other (usually government) officials. ...
Bribery is a crime implying a sum or gift given alters the behaviour of the person in ways not consistent with the duties of that person. ...
Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. ...
Misprision of felony, under the common law of England, was the crime of failing to report knowledge of a felony to the appropriate authorities. ...
Malfeasance in office, or official misconduct, is the commission of an unlawful act, done in an official capacity, which affects the performance of official duties. ...
An inchoate offence is a crime. ...
Solicitation is a crime; it is an inchoate offense that consists of a person inciting, counseling, advising, urging, or commanding another to commit a crime with the specific intent that the person solicited commit the crime. ...
The crime of attempt occurs when a person does an act amounting to more than mere preparation for a criminal offense, with specific intent to commit a crime, if that act tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended. ...
In the criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between natural persons to break the law at some time in the future, and, in some cases, with at least one overt act in furtherance of that agreement. ...
An accessory is a person who assists in or conceals a crime, but does not actually participate in the commission of the crime. ...
Criminal procedure refers to the legal process for adjudicating claims that someone has violated the criminal law. ...
A contract is any promise or set of promises made by one party to another for the breach of which the law provides a remedy. ...
In the common law, a tort is a civil wrong for which the law provides a remedy. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
The law of trusts and estates is generally considered the body of law which governs the management of personal affairs and the disposition of property of an individual in anticipation and the event of such persons incapacity or death, also known as the law of successions in civil law. ...
The law of evidence governs the use of testimony (e. ...
Image File history File links Scale_of_justice. ...
Tort is a legal term that means a civil wrong, as opposed to a criminal wrong, that is recognized by law as grounds for a lawsuit. ...
This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...
Negligence is a legal concept usually used to achieve compensation for accidents and injuries. ...
In law, a duty of care is the legal requirement that a person exercise a reasonable standard of care to prevent injury of others. ...
In tort law, the standard of care is the degree of prudence and caution required of an individual who is under a duty of care. ...
In the law, a proximate cause is an event sufficiently related to a legally recognizable injury to be held the cause of that injury. ...
Res ipsa loquitur is a legal term from the Latin meaning literally, The thing itself speaks but is more often translated The thing speaks for itself. The doctrine is applied to tort claims which, as a matter of law, do not have to be explained beyond the obvious facts. ...
In the United States, the calculus of negligence or learned hand rule is a term coined by Judge Learned Hand and describes a process for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (see negligence). ...
The eggshell skull rule (or thin-skull rule) is a legal doctrine used in both tort law and criminal law that holds an individual liable for all consequences resulting from their activities leading to an injury to another person, even if the victim suffers unusual damages due to a pre...
The tort of negligent infliction of emotional distress (NIED) is a controversial legal theory and is not accepted in many United States jurisdictions. ...
The rescue doctrine of the law of torts holds that, where a tortfeasor creates a circumstance that places the tort victim in danger, the tortfeasor is liable not only for the harm caused to the victim, but also the harm caused to any person injured in an effort to rescue...
A duty to rescue is a concept in the law of torts that arises in a narrow number of cases, describing a circumstance in which a party can be held liable for failing to come to the rescue of another party in peril. ...
Product liability encompasses a number of legal claims that allow an injured party to recover financial compensation from the manufacturer or seller of a product. ...
An ultrahazardous activity in the common law of torts is one that is so inherently dangerous that a person engaged in such an activity can be held strictly liable for injuries caused to another person, even if the person engaged in the activity took every reasonable precaution to prevent others...
In the law of torts, property, and criminal law a trespasser is a person who is trespassing on a property, that is, without the permission of the owner. ...
A licensee is a term used in the law of torts to describe a person who is on the property of another, despite the fact that the property is not open to the general public, because the owner of the property has allowed the licensee to enter. ...
An invitee is a term used in the law of torts to describe a person who is on the property of another because that property owner has chosen to hold the property open to some portion of the general public, because the owner of the property has allowed the licensee...
Under the attractive nuisance doctrine of the law of torts, a landowner may be held liable for injuries to children trespassing on the land if the injury is caused by a hazardous object or condition on the land that is likely to attract children, who are unable to appreciate the...
Nuisance is a common law tort. ...
Nuisance is a common law tort. ...
Rylands v. ...
A sign warning against trespassing // In law, trespass can be: the criminal act of going into somebody elses land or property without permission of the owner or lessee; it is also a civil law tort that may be a valid cause of action to seek judicial relief and possibly...
In law, conversion is a tort that deals with the wrongful interference with goods. ...
In tort law, detinue is an action for the wrongful detention of goods from an individual who has a greater right to immediate possession than the current possessor. ...
Replevin is an Anglo-French law term (derived from repletir, to replevy). ...
Trover signifies finding. ...
An intentional tort is a category of torts that describes a civil wrong resulting from an intentional act on the part of the tortfeasor. ...
At common law, battery is the tort of intentionally (or in Australia negligently) and voluntarily touching another person without lawful excuse or justification. ...
False imprisonment is a tort, and possibly a crime, wherein a person is intentionally confined without legal authority. ...
Intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED) is a common law tort claim for intentional conduct that results in extreme emotional distress. ...
Consent (as a term of jurisprudence) is a possible justification against civil or criminal liability. ...
In tort law, the defense of necessity is divided between private necessity (where a person commits a tort for the defense of his own property) and public necessity (where a person commits a tort for the public good, such as cutting down someone elses trees to stop the spread...
This article and defense of property deal with the legal concept of excused (sometimes termed justified) acts that might otherwise be illegal. ...
In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ...
Invasion of privacy is a legal term essentially defined as a violation of the right to be left alone. ...
The tort of breach of confidence, is a common law tort that protects private information that is conveyed in confidence. ...
Abuse of process is a common law intentional tort. ...
Malicious prosecution is a common law intentional tort. ...
Economic torts are torts that provide the common law rules on liability for the infliction of pure economic loss, such as interference with economic or business relationships. ...
Tortious interference, in the common law of tort, occurs when a person intentionally damages the plaintiffs contractual or other business relationships. ...
In the law of tort, the legal elements necessary to establish a civil conspiracy are substantially the same as for establishing a criminal conspiracy, i. ...
At present, the law will not enforce certain types of contracts on the ground of illegality. ...
Vicarious liability is a form of strict, secondary liability that arises under the common law doctrine of agency – respondeat superior – the responsibility of the superior for the acts of their subordinate, or, in a broader sense, the responsibility of any third party that had the right, ability or duty to...
Volenti non fit injuria is a Latin expression meaning to a willing person, no injury is done. The principle is that someone who knowingly and willingly puts himself in a dangerous situation will be legally disentitled to sue for his or her resulting injuries. ...
Contributory negligence is a common law defence to a claim or action in tort. ...
If you commit a crime, you cannot sue for damages that you experience while committing the crime ...
In law, damages refers to the money paid or awarded to a claimant (as it is known in the UK) or plaintiff (in the US) following their successful claim in a civil action. ...
Look up Injunction in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...
A contract is a legally binding exchange of promises or agreement between parties that the law will enforce. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
The law of trusts and estates is generally considered the body of law which governs the management of personal affairs and the disposition of property of an individual in anticipation and the event of such persons incapacity or death, also known as the law of successions in civil law. ...
Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. ...
The law of evidence governs the use of testimony (e. ...
This article or section includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
Civil law has at least three meanings. ...
A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Archaeological forgery is a manufacture of supposedly ancient items that are sold to the antiquities market and may even end up in the collections of museums. ...
Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in professional scientific research. ...
Definition
In criminal law, fraud is the crime or offense of deliberately deceiving another in order to damage them – usually, to obtain property or services unjustly. [1] Fraud can be accomplished through the aid of forged objects. In the criminal law of common law jurisdictions it may be called "theft by deception," "larceny by trick," "larceny by fraud and deception" or something similar. Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. ...
This article or section includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ...
This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...
In the United States, larceny is a common law crime involving stealing. ...
In academia and science, fraud can refer to academic fraud – the falsifying of research findings which is a form of scientific misconduct – and in common use intellectual fraud signifies falsification of a position taken or implied by an author or speaker, within a book, controversy or debate, or an idea deceptively presented to hide known logical weaknesses. Journalistic fraud implies a similar notion, the falsification of journalistic findings. Plato is credited with the inception of academia: the body of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations. ...
Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ...
An academic scandal is one that exposes the unethical or erroneous work of a major academic figure, or which otherwise brings academia (or a portion thereof) into disrepute. ...
Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in professional scientific research. ...
Journalistic Fraud book cover Journalistic Fraud: How The New York Times Distorts the News and Why It Can No Longer Be Trusted is a book by Bob Kohn with a thesis similar to that of Bernard Goldbergs Bias. ...
Fraud can be committed through many methods, including mail, wire, phone, and the internet (computer crime and internet fraud). This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Wire fraud is a legal concept in the United States Code which provides for enhanced penalty of any criminally fraudulent activity if it is determined that the activity involved electronic communications of any sort, at any phase of the event. ...
Whether in the form of the consumer attempting to defraud the telephone company, the telephone company attempting to defraud the consumer, or a third party attempting to defraud either of them, fraud has been a part of the telephone system almost from the beginning. ...
Computer crime, cybercrime, e-crime, hi-tech crime or electronic crime generally refers to criminal activity where a computer or network is the tool, target, or place of a crime. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Acts which may constitute criminal fraud include:
Fraud, in addition to being a criminal act, is also a type of civil law violation known as a tort. A tort is a civil wrong for which the law provides a remedy. A civil fraud typically involves the act of intentionally making a false representation of a material fact, with the intent to deceive, which is reasonably relied upon by another person to that person's detriment. A "false representation" can take many forms, such as: A bait and switch is a form of fraud in which the fraudster lures in customers by advertising a good at an unprofitably low price, then reveals to potential customers that the advertised good is not available but that a substitute good is. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup because it is in list format. ...
The Spanish Prisoner is a confidence game dating back to 1588 [1]. In its original form, the confidence artist (con-man) tells his victim (the mark) that he is in correspondence with a wealthy person of high estate who has been imprisoned in Spain (originally by King Philip II) under...
A shell game is performed with bottle caps on a cardboard box, on Fulton Street in New York City. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Identity taker is a term first appearing in U.S. literature in the 1990s, leading to the drafting of the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act. ...
False billing is a fraudulent act of invoicing or otherwise requesting funds from an individual or firm without showing obligation to pay. ...
Quackery is the practice of producing fraudulent medicine, usually in order to make money or for ego gratification and power. ...
Pietro Longhi: The Charlatan, 1757 Quackery is a derogatory term used to describe questionable medical practices. ...
A long firm is a trading company set up for fraudulent purposes; the basic operation is to run the company as an apparently legitimate business, gradually extending the amount of cash advances from customers at the same time as increasing the amount of credit from suppliers; when the pot is...
Insurance fraud or false insurance claims are insurance claims filed with the intent to defraud an insurance provider. ...
Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, put into administration - see text) in the UK. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organizations to pay their...
A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that involves paying abnormally high returns (profits) to investors out of the money paid in by subsequent investors, rather than from net revenues generated by any real business, named after Charles Ponzi. ...
For security (collateral), the legal right given to a creditor by a borrower, see security interest A security is a fungible, negotiable interest representing financial value. ...
The night singer of shares sold stock on the streets during the South Sea Bubble. ...
Civil law has at least three meanings. ...
Tort is a legal term that means a civil wrong, as opposed to a criminal wrong, that is recognized by law as grounds for a lawsuit. ...
- A false statement of fact, known to be false at the time it was made;
- A statement of fact with no reasonable basis to make that statement;
- A promise of future performance made with an intent, at the time the promise was made, not to perform as promised;
- A statement of opinion based on a false statement of fact;
- A statement of opinion that the maker knows to be false; or
- An expression of opinion that is false, made by one claiming or implying to have special knowledge of the subject matter of the opinion. "Special knowledge" in this case means knowledge or information superior to that possessed by the other party, and to which the other party did not have equal access.
In the UK a report concluded that the total costs of fraud and dealing with fraud in the year 2005-2006 was at least 13.9 Billion GBP.
Notable fraudsters - Frank Abagnale Jr., US impostor who wrote bad checks and falsely represented himself as a qualified member of professions such as airline pilot, doctor, and attorney. The film Catch Me If You Can is based on his life.
- Cassie Chadwick, who pretended to be Andrew Carnegie's daughter to get loans.
- Cheri DiNovo, went from bank fraud to religious scam, to politics.
- Richard Eaton, an English businessman who was business partners with mobster Paul Vario and Jimmy Burke and was involved in the Lufthansa heist.
- Shinichi Fujimura, Japanese archaeologist who announced on October 23, 2000 that he had discovered eight stoneware pieces, from a layer of earth, more than 600,000 years old in the Kamitakamori ruins in Tsukidate, Miyagi Prefecture, believed to be the nation's oldest. However, Fujimura confessed that he had buried the stones at the ruins in advance of the excavation.
- Benny Hinn, televangelist
- Konrad Kujau, German fraudster and forger responsible for the "Hitler Diaries".
- Kenneth Lay, the American businessman who built energy company Enron. He was one of the highest paid CEOs in America until he was ousted as Chairman and was convicted of fraud and conspiracy.
- Nick Leeson, English trader whose unsupervised speculative trading caused the collapse of Barings Bank.
- Colleen McCabe, British headmistress who stole £½ million from her school.
- Gregor MacGregor, Scottish conman who tried to attract investment and settlers for the non-existent country of Poyais.
- Gaston Means, a professional conman during U.S. President Warren G. Harding's administration.
- Michael Milken, "The Junk Bond King".
- Barry Minkow and the ZZZZ Best scam.
- Frederick Emerson Peters, US impersonator who wrote bad checks.
- Charles Ponzi and the Ponzi scheme.
- Peter Popoff, televangelist
- Alves Reis, who forged documents to print 100,000,000 PTE in official escudo banknotes (adjusted for inflation, it would be worth about US$150 million today).
- Christopher Rocancourt, a Rockefeller impersonator who defrauded Hollywood celebrities.
- John Spano, a struggling businessman who faked massive success in an attempt to buy out the New York Islanders of the NHL.
- John Stonehouse, the last Postmaster-General of the UK and MP who faked his death.
- Richard Whitney, who stole from the New York Stock Exchange Gratuity Fund in the 1930s.
- James Paul Lewis, Jr., ran one of the biggest ($311 million) and longest running Ponzi Schemes (20 years) in US history.
Frank William Abagnale, Jr. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Catch Me If You Can is a 2002 motion picture set in the 1960s. ...
Cassie L. Chadwick (October 10, 1857 _ October 10, 1907) is the most famous name of a Canadian-born woman who defrauded Cleveland, Ohio banks by claiming to be an illegitimate daughter of Andrew Carnegie. ...
Andrew Carnegie (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist, businessman, a major and widely respected philanthropist, and the founder of the Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. ...
The Rev. ...
now. ...
Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification - by Athelstan 967 Area...
Paul Vario (July 9, 1914 - November 22, 1988) was a member of the U.S. Italian Mafia and a Caporegime in the Lucchese Family. ...
U.S. Marshals mugshot of James Jimmy the Gent Burke taken on April 12, 1979 not long after the Lufthansa heist. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Shinichi Fujimura (è—¤æ‘新一 Fujimura Shinichi, born 1950?) was a Japanese amateur archaeologist who faked important discoveries for years before he was exposed in 2000. ...
October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Tofik Benedictus Benny Hinn (born December 3, 1952) is a controversial televangelist, best known for his regular Miracle Crusades – revival meeting/faith healing summits that are usually held in large stadiums in major cities. ...
Konrad Kujau (June 27, 1938, Löbau, Saxony - September 12, 2000, Stuttgart, Germany) was most noted for being a well-known forger, who faked artwork, and later made a name for himself when he forged 62 volumes of Adolf Hitlers supposed diary. ...
Hitlers Diaries Discovered (Stern) In April 1983, the German news magazine Stern published extracts from what purported to be the diaries of Adolf Hitler, known as the Hitler Diaries, which were subsequently exposed as forgeries. ...
Kenneth Lee Ken Lay (April 15, 1942 – July 5, 2006), was an American businessman, best known for his role in the widely-reported corruption scandal that led to the downfall of Enron Corporation. ...
Nicholas Leeson (English, born February 25, 1967) is a former derivatives trader whose unsupervised speculative trading caused the collapse of Barings Bank, the United Kingdoms oldest investment bank. ...
Colleen McCabe (born September 1952) is a British fraudster who was convicted of eleven charges of theft and six charges of deception in 2003, after spending over £500,000 on herself from the budget of the school where she was the headteacher. ...
Poyais (also known as Principality of Poyais, Territory of Poyais, Republic of Poyais, Cazique of Poyais) was a fictional Central American country and the creation of its supposed cazique Gregor MacGregor who in the 1820s used it to entice investment and even colonization. ...
Poyais was 1820s fraudulent Central American country and creation of its supposed cazique Gregor MacGregor who used it to entice investment and even colonization. ...
Gaston Bullock Means, a. ...
Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was an American politician and the 29th President of the United States, from 1921 to 1923, when he became the sixth president to die in office. ...
Michael Robert Milken (born July 4, 1946 in Encino, California) is an American financier who was highly influential in developing the market for junk bonds (a. ...
Barry Minkow (born March 17, 1967) was an American teenage entrepreneur who managed to present the front of a successful businessman for a number of years during the 1980s. ...
Frederick Emerson Peters (1885-1959) was a US impostor who wrote bad checks masquerading as scholars and famous people. ...
A mugshot of Charles Ponzi Charles Ponzi (1882–January 18, 1949) was an Italian immigrant to the United States who became one of the greatest swindlers in American history. ...
A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that involves paying abnormally high returns (profits) to investors out of the money paid in by subsequent investors, rather than from net revenues generated by any real business, named after Charles Ponzi. ...
Peter Popoff (born 1946) is a German-born U.S. televangelist who has spent most of his adult life claiming to treat physical ailments through the use of faith healing. ...
Alves Reis (b. ...
The escudo was the official currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the euro in 1 January 1999 (euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002). ...
Christophe Thierry Rocancourt (b. ...
...
John A. Spano, Jr. ...
The New York Islanders are a professional ice hockey team based in Uniondale, New York, a hamlet located on Long Island. ...
NHL can also be an abbreviation for National Historic Landmark or Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. ...
John Stonehouse (1926 - 1988) was a British politician and minister under Harold Wilson. ...
Richard Whitney (August 1, 1888 - December 5, 1974), was an American financier, president of the New York Stock Exchange 1930-1935, and a convicted embezzler. ...
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ...
James (Jim) Paul Lewis, Jr. ...
See also Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...
Accounting scandals, or corporate accounting scandals are political and business scandals which arise with the disclosure of misdeeds by trusted executives of large public corporations. ...
An advance fee fraud is a confidence trick in which the target is persuaded to advance relatively small sums of money in the hope of realizing a much larger gain. ...
Affinity fraud refers to investment frauds that prey upon members of identifiable groups, such as religious or ethnic communities, the elderly, or professional groups. ...
Bank fraud is a federal crime in many countries, defined as planning to obtain property or money from any federally insured financial institution. ...
Corporate Defence refers to the measures, mechanisms and processes in operation within an organisation with the objective of helping to protect and safeguard the interests of the stakeholders. ...
Typically, defrauding a government by falsely claiming state help or money. ...
A logarithmic scale bar. ...
Bribery is a crime implying a sum or gift given alters the behaviour of the person in ways not consistent with the duties of that person. ...
The caper story is a subgenre of crime fiction. ...
This article is about the 1973 film involving con artists. ...
Charity fraud is the act of using deception to get money from people who are making donations to charities. ...
Click fraud is a type of internet crime that occurs in pay per click online advertising when a person, automated script, or computer program imitates a legitimate user of a web browser clicking on an ad, for the purpose of generating a charge per click without having actual interest in...
Corporate abuse refers to incidents that involve unethical behavior on behalf of a corporation; a case of corporate abuse may be a scandal, fraud, or negligence toward the corporations employees and/or the local community. ...
Creative accounting and earnings management are euphemisms referring to accounting practices that may or may not follow the letter of the rules of standard accounting practices but certainly deviate from the spirit of those rules. ...
Credit card fraud is a kind of fraud where a merchant (business, service provider, seller, etc. ...
Fraud has existed perhaps as long or longer than money. ...
Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. ...
Employment Fraud is a type of fraud which scams people seeking employment, garnering employment or in which an employee is subjected to law-breaking practices by a false corporation, hoax business or other private entity. ...
Breach of contract is a legal concept in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other partys performance. ...
In the United States, the False Claims Act (based on the Federal False Claims Act 31 U.S.C. 3729 et seq. ...
A forex scam is any trading scheme used to defraud individual traders by convincing them that they can expect to profit by trading in the foreign exchange market. ...
City of London Police The biggest Fraud squad is run by the City of London Police who are responsible for policing Londons and the UKs main financial hub. ...
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...
Front Running is the unethical practice of a broker trading an equity based on information from the analyst department before his or her clients have been given the information. ...
The Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814 was a hoax or fraud centered on false information about the then-ongoing Napoleonic Wars. ...
The Guinness share-trading fraud was a famous British business scandal of the 1980s. ...
A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ...
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Inspector General is a fact finding officer whose responsibility is to investigate charges of corruption, fraud, waste and abuse and other complaints regarding government officials. ...
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Journalistic Fraud book cover Journalistic Fraud: How The New York Times Distorts the News and Why It Can No Longer Be Trusted is a book by Bob Kohn with a thesis similar to that of Bernard Goldbergs Bias. ...
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A Missing Trader Fraud (or Carousel Fraud) is a type of deception practiced across different jurisdictions, exploiting the Value Added Tax systems between those jurisdictions. ...
Main articles: Paternity (law) and Paternity testing Paternity fraud, the term, came into common use in the late 1990s describing the act of falsely naming a man to be the biological father of a child when the mother knows (or suspects) that he is not the biological father, particularly for...
This phishing attempt, disguised as an official email from a (fictional) bank, attempts to trick the banks members into giving away their account information by confirming it at the phishers linked website. ...
A pious fraud is a term used by skeptics for people who perform fraud in religion (for example, a pious fraud fakes miracles or psychic surgery) because of a sincere belief that the end justifies the means in religious matters. ...
Whether in the form of the consumer attempting to defraud the telephone company, the telephone company attempting to defraud the consumer, or a third party attempting to defraud either of them, fraud has been a part of the telephone system almost from the beginning. ...
World map of the Corruption Perceptions Index, which measures the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians. Blue colors indicate little corruption, red colors indicate much corruption In broad terms, political corruption is the misuse by government officials of their governmental powers for illegitimate...
A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that involves paying abnormally high returns (profits) to investors out of the money paid in by subsequent investors, rather than from net revenues generated by any real business, named after Charles Ponzi. ...
Quatloos. ...
Questioned document examination is known by many names including forensic document examination, document examination, diplomatics, handwriting examination, and sometimes handwriting analysis, although the latter name is not often used as it may be confused with graphology. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Civil securities fraud is a form of white collar crime which has been increasing on the rise as the Internet and the World Wide Web have brought white collar criminals and their victims closer together, resulting in an upsurge in global economic crime. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Telemarketing fraud is fraudulent selling conducted over the phone. ...
The National Council Against Health Fraud (NCAHF) is a voluntary private nonprofit health agency that focuses on what they consider to be health misinformation, fraud, and quackery related to public health problems. ...
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Tunneling is a colloquial for financial fraud commited by companys own management or major shareholders, consisting of illegally pumping out valuable property into their own, private firms. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
For other uses, see Verisimilitude (disambiguation). ...
Visa Fraud has different criteria in various parts of the world, but the commonly accepted points are the sale, provision, or transfer of otherwise legitimate Visas, misrepresentation of reasons for traveling and forgery or alteration of a Visa. ...
Welfare fraud refers to various intentional misuses of state welfare systems by witholding information or giving false or inaccurate information. ...
Wine fraud has probably existed since the earliest trading and commerce in wine, but it appears to increase when there is widespread prosperity and the prices of some wines become very high. ...
Wire fraud is a legal concept in the United States Code which provides for enhanced penalty of any criminally fraudulent activity if it is determined that the activity involved electronic communications of any sort, at any phase of the event. ...
References - Fred Cohen. Frauds, Spies, and Lies - and How to Defeat Them. ISBN 1-878109-36-7 (2006). ASP Press.
- Podgor, Ellen S. Criminal Fraud, (1999) Vol, 48, No. 4 American Law Review 1Review Fraud - Alex Copola
- The Nature, Extent and Economic Impact of Fraud in the UK. "Feb,2007", http://www.acpo.police.uk/asp/policies/Data/Fraud%20in%20the%20UK.pdf).
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