Fred Zinnemann (April 29, 1907–March 14, 1997) was an Austrian-American film director. He won four Academy Awards and directed classical movies like From Here to Eternity, High Noon and A Man for All Seasons. April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The film director, on the right, gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, whilst filming a costume drama on location in London. ... From Here to Eternity is a 1953 movie based on a James Jones novel in which characters work through ordinary bouts of intimidation and infidelity on a military base in the days preceding the attack on Pearl Harbor. ... High Noon is a 1952 western film which tells the story of a town marshal who is forced to face a gang of killers by himself. ... A Man for All Seasons is a 1966 film based on Robert Bolts play of the same name about Sir Thomas More. ...

Life

Zinnemann was born to a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria, and died of a heart attack in London, England. While growing up in Austria, he wanted to become a musician, then studied law. He was drawn to films, while studying at the University of Vienna, and eventually became a cameraman. He worked in Germany with several other tyros (Billy Wilder and Robert Siodmak also worked with him on the 1929 feature People on Sunday) before coming to America to study film. The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Acute myocardial infarction (AMI or MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a disease state that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien) in Vienna, Austria is the oldest university in the current Austro-Hungarian domain; it formally opened in 1365. ... A Cameraman-Reporter during a MINUSTAH mission in 2007 (Photo: Patrick-André Perron A cinematographer is one photographing with a motion picture camera (the art and science of which is known as cinematography). ... Billy Wilder (June 22, 1906 – March 27, 2002) was an Austrian-born, Jewish-American journalist, screenwriter, film director, and producer whose career spanned more than 50 years and 60 films. ... Robert Siodmak (August 8, 1900 - March 10, 1973) was a film director born in Memphis, Tennessee (sometimes his birthplace is stated as Dresden, Germany). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Menschen am Sonntag (also known in English as People on Sunday) is a 1929 German silent movie, directed by Curt and Robert Siodmak from a screenplay by Billy Wilder. ...

One of his first assignments in Hollywood was when he found work as an extra in All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), although he was fired from the production for talking back to the director, Lewis Milestone. After some success with short films, he graduated to features in 1942, turning out two crisp B mysteries, Eyes in the Night and Kid Glove Killer before getting his big break with The Seventh Cross (1944), a top-notch A picture starring Spencer Tracy, and his first hit. ... In drama, an extra is a performer in a film, television show, or stage production who has no role or purpose other than to appear in the background (for example, in an audience or busy street scene). ... All Quiet on the Western Front is the name of two films based on the Erich Maria Remarque novel All Quiet on the Western Front, one a cinematic treatment directed by Lewis Milestone, the other a television film directed by Delbert Mann. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... The film director, on the right, gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, whilst filming a costume drama on location in London. ... Lewis Milestone (born Lev Milstein) (September 30, 1895 - September 25, 1980) was an accomplished, and award-winning motion picture director. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... The Seventh Cross is a 1944 film starring Spencer Tracy, Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Spencer Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American film actor who appeared in 74 films from 1930 to 1967. ...

He directed many different film genres including thrillers, westerns, film noir, and play adaptations. Nineteen actors appearing in Zinnemann's films received Academy Award nominations for their performances: among that number are Frank Sinatra, Audrey Hepburn, Glynis Johns, Paul Scofield, Robert Shaw, Wendy Hiller, Jason Robards, Vanessa Redgrave, Jane Fonda, Gary Cooper and Maximilian Schell. Zinnemann's 1950 film The Men is noted for giving Marlon Brando his first screen role. Thriller films are movies that primarily use action and suspense to engage the audience. ... i like western films The Western is an American genre in literature and film. ... This still from The Big Combo (1955) demonstrates the visual style of film noir at its most extreme. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Francis Albert Sinatra (December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was a jazz oriented popular singer and Academy Award-winning actor. ... Audrey Hepburn (May 4, 1929 – January 20, 1993) was an Academy Award-winning actress of film and theatre, Broadway stage performer, ballerina, fashion model, and humanitarian. ... Glynis Johns (born 5 October 1923) is a Tony Award-winning British stage and film actress, dancer, pianist and singer (notably of Send in the Clowns in Stephen Sondheims A Little Night Music). ... David Paul Scofield, CH, CBE (born 21 January 1922) is a British actor who was born in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, England. ... Robert Shaw as Quint in Jaws. ... Wendy Hiller in I Know Where Im Going! (1945) Dame Wendy Hiller (August 15, 1912 – May 14, 2003) was a distinguished English film and stage actress. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Vanessa Redgrave, CBE (born 30 January 1937) is an Academy Award winning English actress and member of the Redgrave family, one of the enduring theatrical dynasties. ... Jane Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model, and fitness guru. ... Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper May 7, 1901 – May 13, 1961) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American film actor of English heritage. ... Maximilian Schell (left) in the film Judgment at Nuremberg Maximilian Schell (born December 8, 1930) is a Swiss-Austrian actor. ... The Men is a 1950 film which tells the story of a World War II veteran, who is seriously injured in combat, and the struggles he faces as he attempts to re-enter society. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Zinnemann enjoyed an outstanding career spanning six decades, during which he directed 22 features, 19 short subjects and won four Oscars. Perhaps his best-known work is High Noon (1952), one of the first 25 American film classics chosen in 1989 for the National Film Registry. With its psychological and moral examinations of its lawman hero, played by Gary Cooper, its allegorical political commentary (on McCarthy-era witch-hunting) and its innovative chronology whereby screen time approximated the tense 80-minute countdown to the confrontational hour, High Noon shattered the mould of the formulaic shoot-‘em-up western. High Noon is a 1952 western film which tells the story of a town marshal who is forced to face a gang of killers by himself. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Film Registry is the registry of films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress. ... MacCarthy chieftans coat of arms McCarthy (a variant of MacCarthy) is a common surname that originated in Ireland. ... A witch-hunt is a search for suspected witches; it is a type of moral panic. ...

The director's other eminent films, all compelling dramas of lone and principled individuals tested by tragic events, include From Here to Eternity (1953); The Nun's Story (1959); A Man For All Seasons (1966); and Julia (1977). Regarded as a consummate craftsman, Zinnemann traditionally endowed his work with meticulous attention to detail, an intuitive gift for brilliant casting and a preoccupation with the moral dilemmas of his characters. From Here to Eternity is a 1953 movie based on a James Jones novel in which characters work through ordinary bouts of intimidation and infidelity on a military base in the days preceding the attack on Pearl Harbor. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Nuns Story is the title of a dramatic film that was released by Warner Bros. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Man for All Seasons is a 1966 film based on Robert Bolts play of the same name about Sir Thomas More. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... Julia is a 1977 dramatic film based on playwright Lillian Hellmans novel Pentimento, which tells the story of her relationship with her lifelong friend Julia, who worked as an anti-fascist in the years prior to World War II. The movie was adapted by Alvin Sargent from the novel. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...

Zinnemann's penchant for realism and authenticity is evident in his first feature The Wave (1935), shot on location in Mexico with mostly non-professional actors recruited among the locals, which is one of the earliest examples of realism in narrative film. Earlier in the decade, in fact, Zinnemann had worked with documentarian Robert Flaherty, an association he considered "the most important event of my professional life". 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Robert Joseph Flaherty (February 16, 1884, Iron Mountain, Michigan, United States - July 23, 1951, Dummerston, Vermont) was a filmmaker who directed and produced the first feature length documentary (Nanook of the North) in 1922. ...

His adaptation of The Seventh Cross, though filmed entirely on the MGM backlot, captured the essence of the Anna Seghers novel by realistic use of refugee German actors in even the smallest roles. The Seventh Cross is a 1944 film starring Spencer Tracy, Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy. ... A backlot is an area behind or adjoining a movie studio with permanent exterior sets for outdoor scenes in motion picture and/or television productions. ... Anna Seghers (November 19, 1900 - June 1, German writer who was born in Mainz and died in Berlin. ...

The filmmaker also used authentic locales and extras in The Search (1948), which won an Oscar for screenwriting and secured his position in the Hollywood establishment, a vivid drama of World War II aftermath in Berlin that drew on Zinnemann's skills as both documentarian and dramatist. Shot in war-ravaged Germany, the film stars Montgomery Clift in his screen debut as a GI who cares for a lost Czech boy traumatised by the war. In the critically acclaimed The Men (1950), starring newcomer Marlon Brando as a paraplegic war veteran, Zinnemann filmed many scenes in a California hospital where real patients served as extras. In computing, locale is a set of parameters that defines the users language, country and any special variant preferences that the user wants to see in their user interface. ... The Search is a 1948 film which tells the story of a young Auschwitz survivor and his mother who search for each other across postwar Europe. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... A dramatist is an author of dramatic compositions, usually plays. ... Edward Montgomery Clift (October 17, 1920 - July 23, 1966) was an American actor known by the stage name of Montgomery Clift. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Paraplegia is a condition where the lower half of a patients body is paralyzed and cannot move. ...

Besides Clift and Brando, other Zinnemann discoveries included Pier Angeli and John Ericson, who co-starred in Teresa (1951), with Rod Steiger and Ralph Meeker debuting in secondary roles. And in Oklahoma! (1955), Zinnemann's version of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, the wide screen format Todd-AO made its debut, as did the film's young star Shirley Jones. Pier Angeli (born Anna Maria Pierangeli) (June 19, 1932 - September 10, 1971) was an Italian-born actress who made her debut in Domani é troppo tardi (1949). ... Illustration of John Ericsson John Ericsson (July 31, 1803 – March 8, 1889) was a Swedish inventor and mechanical engineer, as was his brother, Nils Ericson. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Rod Steiger (April 14, 1925 – July 9, 2002) was an American actor. ... Meeker as Mike Hammer in Kiss Me Deadly Ralph Meeker (November 21, 1920 - August 5, 1988) was a film actor who appeared as Mike Hammer in Kiss Me Deadly. ... The 1943 musical play Oklahoma!, written by composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist/librettist Oscar Hammerstein II (see Rodgers and Hammerstein), was adapted into an Academy Award–winning musical film in 1955, starring Gordon MacRae, Shirley Jones (in her film debut), Rod Steiger, Gloria Grahame and Eddie Albert. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Rogers derived from old German meaning, famed spear. Rogers is the name of several places in the United States of America: Rogers, Arkansas Rogers, Minnesota There is also Rogers City, Michigan. ... Hammerstein is a small town on the Rhine River in the central western Germany. ... The Fantasticks is the longest-running musical in history. ... Todd-AO was a widescreen film format developed in the mid 1950s. ... Shirley Jones, in a still from the opening credits of The Partridge Family Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is an Academy Award-winning singer and actress, perhaps best known for her role as Shirley Partridge, the widowed mother of five children, in the television series The Partridge Family...

Zinnemann's casting choices were often as daring as they were judicious. For his screen adaptation of the play The Member of the Wedding (1952), Zinnemann chose the 26-year-old Julie Harris as the film's 12-year-old protagonist, although she had created the role on Broadway just as the two other leading actors, Ethel Waters and Brandon De Wilde, had. In From Here to Eternity (1953), he cast Frank Sinatra, who was at the lowest point of his popularity. As the likable loser Maggio, Sinatra won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor. From Here to Eternity also featured Deborah Kerr, best known for prim and proper roles, as a philandering Army wife. And Audrey Hepburn, previously cast in delightful comedic roles, gave the performance of her career as the anguished Sister Luke in the highly acclaimed The Nun's Story. The Member of the Wedding is a 1952 film based on the novel by Carson McCullers. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Actress Julie Harris photo taken by Carl Van Vechten 1952 Julie Harris (born Julia Ann Harris on December 2, 1925 in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan) is an American actress. ... A protagonist is the, or a, central figure of a story. ... Ethel Waters (October 31, 1896 – September 1, 1977) was an Oscar-nominated American blues vocalist and actress. ... Brandon de Wilde (April 9, 1942 – July 6, 1972) was an American actor born into a theatrical family in Brooklyn. ... Francis Albert Sinatra (December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was a jazz oriented popular singer and Academy Award-winning actor. ... Deborah Kerr Deborah Kerr CBE (born 30 September 1921) is a Scottish actress and a recipient of an Academy Honorary Award for a motion picture career that has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance. ... Audrey Hepburn (May 4, 1929 – January 20, 1993) was an Academy Award-winning actress of film and theatre, Broadway stage performer, ballerina, fashion model, and humanitarian. ...

Throughout his career Zinnemann favoured a protagonist morally impelled to act heroically in defence of his or her beliefs. Hepburn in The Nun's Story and Cooper in High Noon, determined to confront savage outlaws hungry for revenge, are two other prominent examples. Paul Scofield as Sir Thomas More in A Man For All Seasons (1966) gave a brilliant portrayal of a man driven by conscience to his ultimate fate. David Paul Scofield, CH, CBE (born 21 January 1922) is a British actor who was born in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, England. ... Portrait of Sir Thomas More by Hans Holbein the Younger Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478–6 July 1535), posthumously known also as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, author, and politician. ...

A variation on that theme is found in The Seventh Cross, in which the central character -- an escaped prisoner played by Spencer Tracy -- is comparatively passive and fatalistic. He is, however, the subject of heroic assistance from anti-Nazi Germans. In a sense, the protagonist of the movie is not the Tracy character but a humble German worker played by Hume Cronyn, who changes from Nazi sympathizer to active opponent of the regime as he aids Tracy. Spencer Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American film actor who appeared in 74 films from 1930 to 1967. ... Hume Blake Cronyn, OC (July 18, 1911 – June 15, 2003) was a stage and film actor. ...

And in Julia (1977), another of Zinnemann's crowning achievements, Vanessa Redgrave is a doomed American heiress who forsakes the safety and comfort of great wealth to devote her life to the anti-Nazi cause in Germany. (The film is also notable for being the screen debut of Meryl Streep.) Perhaps the most unusual and perversely engaging loner in Zinnemann's films is Edward Fox as the cold-blooded anti-hero assassin in the taut thriller The Day of the Jackal (1973), a man who is impelled by sheer profesionalism rather than politics to try to kill French president Charles DeGaulle. Vanessa Redgrave, CBE (born 30 January 1937) is an Academy Award winning English actress and member of the Redgrave family, one of the enduring theatrical dynasties. ... For other uses, see inheritance (disambiguation). ... Members of the Dutch Eindhoven Resistance with troops of the US 101st Airborne in Eindhoven in September 1944. ... Meryl Streep (born June 22, 1949) is a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress who has worked in theatre, television, and film. ... Edward Fox, OBE (born 13 April 1937) is an English stage, film and television actor. ... Jack Ruby murdered the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, in a very public manner. ... The Day of the Jackal is a thriller novel by Frederick Forsyth, first published in 1971, about a professional assassin who is contracted by the OAS, a French terrorist group of the early 1960s, to kill Charles de Gaulle. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... President is (Brandon) a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. ... Portrait of General Charles de Gaulle. ...

He won the Academy Award for Directing for From Here to Eternity and A Man for All Seasons and also took home the Best Picture Oscar for producing the latter film. He received his first Oscar in 1951 for the documentary short Benjy. The Academy Award for Directing is an accolade given to the person that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences feels was best director of the past year. ... From Here to Eternity is a 1953 movie based on a James Jones novel in which characters work through ordinary bouts of intimidation and infidelity on a military base in the days preceding the attack on Pearl Harbor. ... A Man for All Seasons is a 1966 film based on Robert Bolts play of the same name about Sir Thomas More. ... // The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is one of the Academy Awards, awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which are voted on by others within the industry. ... A film producer creates the conditions for making movies. ... Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ... Short subject is an American film industry term that historically has referred to any film in the format of two reels, or approximately 20 minutes running time, or less. ...

His final film was Five Days One Summer in 1982. 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Selected filmography

• The Search (1948)
• The Men (1950)
• High Noon (1952)
• From Here to Eternity (1953)
• Oklahoma! (1956)
• The Nun's Story (1959)
• The Sundowners (1960)
• Behold a Pale Horse (1964)
• A Man for All Seasons (1966)
• The Day of the Jackal (1973)
• Julia (1977)
• Five Days One Summer (1982)

The Search is a 1948 film which tells the story of a young Auschwitz survivor and his mother who search for each other across postwar Europe. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... The Men is a 1950 film which tells the story of a World War II veteran, who is seriously injured in combat, and the struggles he faces as he attempts to re-enter society. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... High Noon is a 1952 western film which tells the story of a town marshal who is forced to face a gang of killers by himself. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... From Here to Eternity is a 1953 movie based on a James Jones novel in which characters work through ordinary bouts of intimidation and infidelity on a military base in the days preceding the attack on Pearl Harbor. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The 1943 musical play Oklahoma!, written by composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist/librettist Oscar Hammerstein II (see Rodgers and Hammerstein), was adapted into an Academy Award–winning musical film in 1955, starring Gordon MacRae, Shirley Jones (in her film debut), Rod Steiger, Gloria Grahame and Eddie Albert. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Nuns Story is the title of a dramatic film that was released by Warner Bros. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Sundowners is a 1960 film that tells the story of an Australian outback family torn between the fathers desires to continue his nomadic sheep-herding ways and the wife and sons desire to settle down in one place. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Behold A Pale Horse is a film loosely based on the life of the Spanish anarchist guerrilla, Francisco Sabaté Llopart‎. Released in 1964, the film stars Gregory Peck and Anthony Quinn. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... A Man for All Seasons is a 1966 film based on Robert Bolts play of the same name about Sir Thomas More. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... The Day of the Jackal is a thriller novel by Frederick Forsyth, first published in 1971, about a professional assassin who is contracted by the OAS, a French terrorist group of the early 1960s, to kill Charles de Gaulle. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... Julia is a 1977 dramatic film based on playwright Lillian Hellmans novel Pentimento, which tells the story of her relationship with her lifelong friend Julia, who worked as an anti-fascist in the years prior to World War II. The movie was adapted by Alvin Sargent from the novel. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Trivia

Zinnemann is often regarded as striking a blow against "ageism" in Hollywood. The story (which may be apocryphal) goes that, in the 1980s, during a meeting with a young Hollywood executive, Zinnemann was surprised to find the executive didn't know who he was, despite winning two Academy Awards, and directing dozens of Hollywood's biggest movies. When the young executive callowly asked Zinnemann to list what he had done in his career, Zinnemann delivered an elegant comeback by reportedly answering, "Sure. You first." In Hollywood, the story is known as "You First," and is often alluded to when veteran creators find that upstarts are unfamiliar with their work. Manifestations Slavery · Racial profiling · Lynching Hate speech · Hate crime · Hate groups Genocide · Holocaust · Pogrom Ethnocide · Ethnic cleansing · Race war Religious persecution · Gay bashing Pedophobia · Ephebiphobia Movements Discriminatory Aryanism · Neo-Nazism · Supremacism Kahanism Anti-discriminatory Abolitionism · Civil rights Gays/Transsexes/Intersexes rights Womens/Universal suffrage · Feminism Mens/Fathers rights...

External links

• Fred Zinnemann at the Internet Movie Database