Winifred (Freda) Utley was a British scholar and author, born on January 23, 1898, London, England, and died on January 21, 1978, Washington, DC. London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United...

A card-carrying British Communist by age 28, Winifred Utley had begun to reverse her stance on the worldwide Communist movement by the time her husband was arrested in 1936 in Moscow, where the couple lived and worked. Her conversion to an outspoken anti-Communist with worldwide influence was complete by 1939, when she took up permanent residence in the United States. She never saw her husband again. This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ...

Utley was educated at a boarding school in Switzerland, after which she returned to her native Britain to earn a B.A. degree followed by an M.A. degree in history (with first class honours) at [[King’s The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading scheme used to distinguish between the achievements of undergraduate degree holders (such as those gaining bachelors degrees or undergraduate masters degrees) in the United Kingdom. ...

From 1926 to 1928, she was a research fellow at the London School of Economics. During this period, in common with many of the political persuasion she held at that time, she focussed on labor and production issues in manufacturing, in her case, the textile industries of Lancashire, then beginning to face competition from operators in India and Japan. Her first book, Lancashire and the Far East, though tinged with anti-employer and anti-imperial sentiments, established her as an authority on the subject of international competition in the cotton trades. The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as the London School of Economics or simply the LSE, is a specialist university[2] and a constituent college of the federal University of London, located on Houghton Street in Central London, off the Aldwych and next to the... Lancashire is a county in North West England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ...

After a visit to the Soviet Union in 1928, she travelled through Siberia and China to Japan, where she studied the Japanese textile industries, which led to her second book, Japan’s Feet of Clay. Siberian Federal District (dark red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) Siberia (Russian: , Sibir’; Tatar: Seber) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of Northern Asia. ...

She moved to the Soviet Union and lived in Moscow with her husband from 1930 to 1936, there pursuing a career that culminated in two years as a senior scientific worker at the Academy of Sciences’s Institute of World Economy and Politics. It was in Moscow that she wrote Japan’s Feet of Clay. This book was an international bestseller, being translated into five languages, including Chinese. It and its author were banned in Japan. Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ...

Her focus shifted at this time to China, whose Communist movement she initially regarded with distinct favor, but this pro-Communist sentiment also faded as she gained greater familiarity with its object. Her next book, Japan’s Gamble in China, however, was written before her public conversion to anti-Communism, as was China at War.

Anti-Communist Period

The Dream We Lost was Utley’s opening broadside against the regime and system that had taken the fondest dreams of her youth along with her husband. She pursued the theme of anti-Communism with increasing emphasis for the rest of her life. She served as a war correspondent in China 1945-1946, from which she wrote Last Chance in China the following year, explaining how Western policies favored a Communist victory there, which she considered a disaster. In 1948, she was posted to Germany as a correspondent, and produced a scathing criticism of Allied occupation policies that she described as a vicious, destructive cruelty of the victors to the vanquished. Possibly her most courageous book, it was titled The High Cost of Vengeance.

The last of her many studies of the Far East was published in 1951, The China Story. It was followed by a diversion to the Middle East in the wake of the Suez Canal Crisis of 1956, Will the Middle East Go West? in which she compared the Arab countries with China and expressed the fear that America’s support of Israel would drive the Arab countries into the waiting arms of the Communists. Far East is an inexact term often used for East Asia and Southeast Asia combined, sometimes including also the easternmost territories of Russia, i. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

Odyssey of a Liberal recorded for posterity her own account of a long and active life that was characterized by high adventure, not only physical and intellectual, but moral as well.

Books

Lancashire and the Far East (1931)

Japan’s Feet of Clay (1937)

Japan’s Gamble in China (1938)

China at War (1938)

The Dream We Lost: The Soviet Union Then and Now (1940)

The High Cost of Vengeance (1948) (translated to German as Kostspielige Rache)

Last Chance in China (1948)

Lost Illusion (1948) (revision of The Dream We Lost)

The China Story (1951)

Will the Middle East Go West? (1956)

Odyssey of a Liberal (1970)

Resources

http://www.fredautley.com