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Encyclopedia > Frederic Clements

Frederic Edward Clements (18741945) was an American plant ecologist and pioneer in the study of vegetation succession. 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... A pioneer is someone who is first at doing something, or someone who is among a group of such people. ...


Born in Lincoln, Nebraska, he studied botany at the University of Nebraska, graduating in 1894 and obtaining a doctorate in 1898. (One of his teachers was botanist Charles Bessey, and he was a classmate of Willa Cather and Roscoe Pound.) While at the University of Nebraska, he met his future wife, Edith Gertrude Schwartz (1874–1971), also a botanist and ecologist. Nickname: Star City Location in Nebraska Founded  -Incorporated 18671 1869  County Lancaster County Mayor Coleen Seng Area  - Total  - Water 195. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... University of Nebraska seal The University of Nebraska is the main public higher education outlet of the State of Nebraska in the United States. ... Academic procession during the University of Canterbury graduation ceremony. ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Willa Cather photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1936 Willa Siebert Cather (December 7, 1873 – April 24, 1947) is among the most eminent female American authors. ... Roscoe Pound (1870 - 1964) was a distinguished American legal scholar and educator. ...


In 1907 he was appointed professor for plant physiology at the University of Nebraska. From 1907 he was Professor of botany at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. From 1917 to 1941 he was employed as an ecologist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Washington, D.C., where he was able to carry out dedicated ecological research. 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... In botany, plant physiology is the study of the function, or physiology of plants. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... University of Minnesota, Twin Cities This article is about the oldest and largest campus of the University of Minnesota. ... This article is about the city in Minnesota. ... The Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW) is a foundation established by Andrew Carnegie in 1902 to support scientific research. ... Washington, D.C. is the capital city of the United States of America. ...


During winter he worked at research stations in Tucson, Arizona and Santa Barbara, California, while in the summer he performed fieldwork at the Carnegie's "Alpine Laboratory," a research station in Angel Canyon on the slopes of Pikes Peak, Colorado. During this time he worked alongside staff of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. In addition to his field investigations, he carried out experimental work in the laboratory and greenhouse, both at the Pikes Peak station and at Santa Barbara. In many parts of the world, winter is associated with snow. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... A city street near downtown Tucson, Arizona. ... State nickname: The Grand Canyon State, The Copper State Other U.S. States Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Governor Janet Napolitano (D) Senators John McCain (R) Jon Kyl (R) Official languages English Only State Area 295,254 km² (6th)  - Land 294,312 km²  - Water 942 km² (0. ... Stearns Wharf is the extension into the sea of State Street, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara is a city in California, United States. ... Summer is a season, defined by convention in meteorology as the whole months of June, July and August in the Northern hemisphere and the whole months of December, January and February in the Southern hemisphere. ... Fieldwork refers to scientific activity conducted in the field, outside the laboratory, of subject matter in an as-found state, by anthropologists, geologists, botanists, archaeologists or others who study the natural or human world. ... Alpine may refer to: Alpine, a breed of goat. ... Pikes Peak (formerly Pikes Peak, see below) is a mountain in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, near Colorado Springs, Colorado. ... State nickname: The Centennial State Other U.S. States Capital Denver Largest city Denver Governor Bill Owens (R) Senators Wayne Allard (R) Ken Salazar (D) Official languages English Area 269,837 km² (8th)  - Land 268,879 km²  - Water 962 km² (0. ... Biochemistry laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... A greenhouse in Saint Paul, Minnesota. ...


From his work on the vegetation of Nebraska, Clements recognized that the vegetation cover does not represent a permanent condition but gradually changes over time, until it reaches an eventual "climax state."


In addition to botany, his research interests covered the systematics of fungi. Systematics is the term used by John G Bennett for the study of multi-term systems. ... Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ...


Among his works are:

  • Research Methods in Ecology (1905)
  • Plant Succession and Indicators (1928, reprinted 1973)
  • Flower Families and Ancestors (1928, with Edith Clements)
  • Plant Ecology (1929, with J.E. Weaver)
  • The Genera of Fungi (1931, repr. 1965, with C. L. Shear)

In 1903, the flower Clementsia rhodantha ("Clements' rose flower"), a stonecrop, was named in honor of Frederic and Edith Clements. Clements died in Santa Barbara in 1945. In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a grouping in the classification of living organisms having one or more related and morphologically similar species. ...


  Results from FactBites:
 
9(i) Plant Succession (2174 words)
F.E. Clements (1916) conceived of the community as a sort of superorganism whose member species were tightly bound together both now and in their common evolutionary history.
His successional concept suggested that communities of organisms are subject to special laws in which the action of the whole is greater than the sum of the parts, and that this action results in a directional change in the species composition of the community to a climax state controlled primarily by climate.
Clements presented a deterministic unidirectional view of succession where the present pattern is governed by the past pattern.
Climax community - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (355 words)
The term climax community is an outdated ecological term for a community of plants and animals which is the result of succession, where a biological system, a community, or a soil has reached a steady state.
The idea of a single climatic climax originates with Frederic Clements' idea of the ecological community as an organic superorganism in which the various stages of successional development could be seen as analogous with the ontological development of an organism.
Clement's "monoclimax" theory was contrasted with Arthur Tansley's idea of the "polyclimax" which allowed for multiple steady-state end-points in a given climatic zone.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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