Sir Frederick Grant Banting
Born	November 14, 1891(1891-11-14) Alliston, Ontario, Canada
Died	February 21, 1941 (aged 49)
Residence	Canada
Field	Medical scientist
Alma mater	University of Toronto
Known for	Co-discover of insulin
Notable prizes	Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1923), Order of the British Empire

Sir Frederick Grant Banting, KBE, MC, MD, FRSC (November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, doctor and Nobel laureate noted as one of the co-discovers of insulin. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1830x2730, 1358 KB)Sir Frederick Banting or File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Alliston, Ontario is an Ontario community just about 90 kilometers NNW from Toronto, and about 40 km SW of Barrie, about 18 km W of Cookstown, about 10 km N of Tottenham, about 40 km NE of Orangeville and about 30 km E of Shelburne. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 107 Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... The University of Toronto (U of T) is a public research university in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Emil Adolf von Behring was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on the treatment of diphtheria. ... The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander... The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander... The Military Cross (MC) is the third level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to officers of other Commonwealth countries. ... Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor meaning Teacher of Medicine,) is an academic degree for medical doctors. ... The Royal Society of Canada, (French: La Société royale du Canada) The Canadian Academy of the Sciences and Humanities, is the senior national body of distinguished Canadian scientists and scholars. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... The Nobel Prize (Swedish: ) was established in Alfred Nobels will in 1895, and it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. ... Not to be confused with inulin. ...

Banting was born in Alliston, Ontario, Canada. After studying medicine at the University of Toronto and graduating in 1916, he served in the Canadian Army Medical Corps during World War I. He won the Military Cross during the war. After the war, he returned to Canada and between 1919 and 1920 completed his training as an orthopedic surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Dissatisfied with his practice and fascinated by his idea, Banting left London and moved to Toronto. There, on 17 May 1921 he began his research at the University of Toronto, under the supervision of professor John Macleod. He was assigned a single assistant to help him, the young graduate student Charles Best. Alliston, Ontario is an Ontario community just about 90 kilometers NNW from Toronto, and about 40 km SW of Barrie, about 18 km W of Cookstown, about 10 km N of Tottenham, about 40 km NE of Orangeville and about 30 km E of Shelburne. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 107 Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... The University of Toronto (U of T) is a public research university in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The Military Cross (MC) is the third level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to officers of other Commonwealth countries. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This fracture of the lower cervical vertebrae, known as a teardrop fracture is one of the conditions treated by orthopaedic surgeons. ... The Hospital for Sick Children, also known as SickKids, is a world-renowned childrens hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... John James Richard Macleod John James Richard Macleod (September 6, 1876 – March 16, 1935) was a Scottish physician, physiologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. ... Charles Herbert Best, CC, (February 27, 1899 – March 31, 1978) was a medical scientist. ...

During a summer of intense work, Banting tested his idea, performing operations on dogs to tie up their pancreatic ducts, which resulted in a partial atrophy of the pancreas. The pancreas would be then removed some weeks later, with the hope that it would then contain a high concentration of uncontaminated secretion of the pancreas. Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. ...

After some months of work, it appeared to Banting that his method was working, and that he could keep dogs with diabetes alive with his extract. He enthusiastically reported his findings to Macleod, who had been away on his summer holidays during this time. Some people said that Banting's experiments were crude and did not prove the validity of his thinking, which was not physiologically sound in any case. However, the results encouraged further intensive work in the fall, with direct participation by Macleod and the chemist James Collip. The efforts of the team in 1921-1922 culminated in developing the ability to obtain a useful extract, named insulin. A chemist pours from a round-bottom flask. ... James Collip was part of the Toronto group which helped create insulin. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with inulin. ...

This was hailed as one of the most significant advances in medicine at the time. Insulin was not only discovered, but put into mass production in a matter of months. Hence, almost immediately it began to extend the lives of millions of people worldwide who suffered from the endocrine disease diabetes mellitus that could not be treated and had a very poor prognosis. People who suffered from problems with fat and protein metabolism, leading to blindness and then death only had a short time after the onset of the illness. Leonard Thompson was the first person to be administered. The endocrine system is a control system of ductless endocrine glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones that circulate within the body via the bloodstream to affect distant organs. ... For the disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of very dilute urine, see diabetes insipidus. ... Leonard Thompson is regarded as the very first person to have recieved injection of insulin as a treatment for diabetes. ...

In 1923 Banting and Macleod received the Nobel Prize in Medicine. Banting shared the award money with Best. The Canadian government gave him a lifetime to work on his research. In 1934 King George V bestowed a knighthood on him, making him Sir Frederick Banting. Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Emil Adolf von Behring was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on the treatment of diphtheria. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ...

Military research

In the 1930s, Banting became alarmed by the rise of Nazi Germany and the prospect of war. He started several research efforts, including playing a major role in the creation of the first production G-suit, which was used by Royal Air Force pilots during the war. He was also involved in research in biological weapons, both in terms of countermeasures and methods for mass production of anthrax, although the exact nature of this research remains unclear. The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... A G-suit is worn by aviators and astronauts who are subject to high levels of acceleration (G). It is designed to prevent a black-out and g-LOC (g-induced Loss Of Consciousness), due to the blood pooling in the lower part of the body when under G, thus... RAF redirects here. ... Biological Weapons: Friend or Foe? By Dom Harris There is great debate about whether biological weapons are good or bad, and whether the world should be concerned about their development. ...

At the pinnacle of his career, Banting was killed on February 21, 1941, when the Lockheed Hudson patrol bomber in which he was traveling to England crashed shortly after takeoff from Gander Airport in Newfoundland. The crash site was located roughly 16 km from the community of Musgrave Harbour. Only the pilot survived with help from the locals. is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... The Lockheed Hudson was an American-built light bomber and coastal reconnaissance aircraft built initially for the Royal Air Force shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War and primarily operated by the RAF thereafter. ... A patrol bomber, or patrol aircraft, is an airplane designed to operate for long times over water in an anti-shipping or anti-submarine role. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Gander International Airport (IATA: YQX, ICAO: CYQX) is located in Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and is currently run by the Gander Airport Authority. ... This article is about the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Musgrave Harbour is a Canadian community in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ...

The exact purpose of his flight to England is unclear, but it appears likely he was going to meet with colleagues in an effort to convince them to produce biological weapons as a last-ditch weapon in case of a German invasion of England. Another possibility was Banting's desire to work on the front lines. He had been denied his request to do so a month earlier, as Canadian officials believed he would be more useful in Canada doing research. Banting was able to dress the pilot's wounds before he succumbed to his own injuries. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...

During his lifetime he was never fully comfortable with the medical establishment of the day. He had always been an avid amateur painter and in an attempt to alleviate the anxiety he felt around the medical community he befriended the legendary Canadian artists, The Group of Seven. Many of his surviving canvases bear a striking resemblance to the Group of Seven's work. The Group of Seven was a group of Canadian landscape painters in the 1920s, originally consisting of Franklin Carmichael, Lawren Harris, A. Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Frederick Varley. ...

He was married twice and had one son from his first marriage, William Banting. William died in May, 1998 in British Columbia. Orphaned at a young age after the death of his mother, he later worked for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and kept some distance from his father's legacy. "Bill" Banting may never have been aware that his real father was the author of "From Cape Town to Clyde," this author distantly related to both Frederick Banting and Banting's first wife. William Banting (1796-1878), English, was one of the first people to manage his weight by going on a formal low-carbohydrate diet to reduce his weight. ... Radio-Canada redirects here. ...

He is interred in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto. Mount Pleasant Cemetery is a famous cemetery located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ...

Banting's Legacy

An oil painting of Sir Frederick Banting in 1925 by Tibor Polya, now in the possession of the National Portrait Gallery of Canada

Banting's name is imortalized in the yearly Banting Lectures, given by an expert in diabetes and by the creation of Banting Memorial High School in Alliston, ON; Sir Frederick Banting Secondary School in London, ON; Sir Frederick Banting Alternative Program Site in Ottawa, ON; and École Banting Middle School in Coquitlam, BC. The Banting Interpretation Centre in Musgrave Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador is a museum named after him which focuses on the circumstances surrounding the 1941 plane crash which claimed his life. The Banting crater on the Moon is also named after him. This is an Oil Paiting of Sir Frederick Banting produced in 1925 by Tibor Polya (1886-1937) The artist has been dead since 1937. ... This is an Oil Paiting of Sir Frederick Banting produced in 1925 by Tibor Polya (1886-1937) The artist has been dead since 1937. ... The Banting Lectures is a yearly series of research presentations given by an expert in diabetes. ... Banting Memorial High School is the only secondary school located in Alliston, Ontario, Canada. ... Alliston, Ontario is an Ontario community just about 90 kilometers from Toronto, and about 40 km SW of Barrie. ... Sir Frederick Banting Secondary School is a high school located in London, Ontario, Canada. ... For other places with the same name, see London (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... Coquitlam is a mid-sized city in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, bordering the cities of Burnaby, New Westminster, Port Moody, and Port Coquitlam. ... Musgrave Harbour is a Canadian community in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Banting is a small, bowl-shaped lunar impact crater located near the middle of the Mare Serenitatis. ... This article is about Earths moon. ...

In 1994 Frederick Banting was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. In 2004, he was nominated as one of the top 10 "Greatest Canadians" by viewers of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. When the final votes were counted, Banting finished fourth behind Tommy Douglas, Terry Fox and Pierre Trudeau. Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... The Canadian Medical Hall of Fame is a Canadian charitable organization, founded in 1994, that honours Canadians who have contributed to the understanding of disease and improving the health of people. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Officially launched on April 5, 2004, The Greatest Canadian was a television program series by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) to determine who is considered to be the greatest Canadian of all time, at least among those who watched and participated in the program. ... Radio-Canada redirects here. ... Thomas Clement Douglas, PC, CC, SOM, MA, LL.D (hc) (October 20, 1904 – February 24, 1986) was a Scottish-born Baptist minister who became a prominent Canadian social democratic politician. ... For the baseball player, see Terry Fox (baseball). ... “Trudeau” redirects here. ...

Ironically, during the voting for "Greatest Canadians" in late 2004, controversy rose over the future use of the Banting family farm in New Tecumseth which had been left to the Ontario Historical Society by Banting's late nephew, Edward, in 1998. The dispute centred around the future use of the 40 ha (100 acre) property and its buildings. In a year-long negotiation, assisted by a provincially-appointed facilitator, the Town of New Tecumseth offered $1 million to the OHS. The town intended to turn the property over to the Sir Frederick Banting Legacy Foundation for preservation of the property and buildings, and the Legacy Foundation planned to erect a Camp for Diabetic Youths. The day after the November 22, 2006 deadline for the OHS to sign the agreement, the OHS announced that it had sold the property for housing development to Solmar Development for more than $2 million. Solmar reported in the press that their deal with the OHS had been arranged five months earlier. The Town of New Tecumseth plans to designate the property under the Ontario Heritage Act. This would prevent its commercial development and obligate the owner to maintain it properly. OHS has objected. A Conservation Review Board heard arguments for and against designation on September 10 and 11, 2007, and will make its recommendation in early October, 2007. Officially launched on April 5, 2004, The Greatest Canadian was a television program series by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) to determine who is considered to be the greatest Canadian of all time, at least among those who watched and participated in the program. ... New Tecumseth is a town in south-central Ontario, in the County of Simcoe. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...

In January, 2007, cross-Canada survey by the CBC to identify the 10 Greatest Canadian Inventions, Insulin topped the list in first place.

A painting of his called St. Tîte des Cap sold for $30,000 (cdn) including buyer's premium at a Canadian Art auction in Toronto^[1].

Banting was distantly related to Standard Oil co-founder, and 'Father of Florida', Henry Morrison Flagler. They were 3rd cousins 3 times removed. He was also relative to William Banting, the discoverer of the first effective low-carbohydrate diet used in weight control. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 – May 20, 1913) was a United States tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer and Rockefeller partner in Standard Oil. ... William Banting (1796-1878), English, was one of the first people to manage his weight by going on a formal low-carbohydrate diet to reduce his weight. ... Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are nutritional programs that advocate restricted carbohydrate consumption, based on research that ties consumption of certain carbohydrates with increased blood insulin levels, and overexposure to insulin with metabolic syndrome (the most recognized symptom of which is obesity). ...

Bibliography

• The Discovery of Insulin by Michael Bliss, University of Chicago Press, 1982, ISBN 0-226-05897-2.
• Banting as an Artist by A.Y. Jackson, Ryerson Press, 1943.
• Discoverer of Insulin - Dr. Frederick G. Banting by I.E. Levine, New York: Julian Messner, 1962.
• Frederick Banting by Margaret Mason Shaw, Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1976, ISBN 0-889-02229-1.
• Sir Frederick Banting by Lloyd Stevenson, Ryerson Press, 1946.
• Banting's miracle; the story of the discoverer of insulin by Seale Harris, Lippincott, 1946.
• Elixir by Eric Walters, Puffin Canada, 2005, ISBN 0-143-01641-5.

Eric Walters (b. ...

References

is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Banting Digital Library
• Discovery of Insulin
• Banting House National Historic Site
• CBC Greatest Canadians - Frederick Banting
• News Release About Sir Frederick Banting's Memorial Cross
• Lighting of the Flame of Hope at the Banting House National Historic Site in 1989
• Banting Lecture
• Background about the controversy about future use of the Banting homestead
• Ontario Plaques - The Discovery of Insulin
• CBC Digital Archives - Banting, Best, Macleod, Collip: Chasing a Cure for Diabetes
• Famous Canadian Physicians: Sir Frederick Banting at Library and Archives Canada