Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (born April 30, 1943) served as the President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002, when Zambians elected former Vice President Levy Mwanawasa as his successor. Image File history File links Chiluba. ... This page contains a list of presidents of Zambia. ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (born September 3, 1948) is the third President of Zambia. ... Kenneth Kaunda Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) was the first President of Zambia (1964–1991). ... Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (born September 3, 1948) is the third President of Zambia. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Movement for Multiparty Democracy is a political party in Zambia. ... A trade union or labor union is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This page contains a list of presidents of Zambia. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (born September 3, 1948) is the third President of Zambia. ...

Early life

He was born to Jacob Titus Chiluba Nkonde and Diana Kaimba and grew up in Ndola. Frederick Chiluba did his secondary school of education at Kawambwa Secondary School in Kawambwa, where he was believed to have been expelled in the second year for political activity.He later completed his General Education Certificate via correspondence and studied economics through correspondence in both the United States and former Communist countries. He worked as personnel clerk before becoming an accounts assistant at Atlas Copco,and rose to the position of credit manager, in Ndola where he joined the National Union of Building, Engineering and General Workers (NUBEGW) rising through the ranks to the post of chairman of the union.He also grew up in Zaire now known as the DRC.He lived in kinshasa till he was 21. Ndola is a city in Zambia, and is the main hub of the Copperbelt, a region in which Zambias copper is mined. ...

Unions

He went on to win the chairmanship of the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU). Chiluba and several leaders in ZCTU were detained in 1981 by then President Kenneth Kaunda for calling a wildcat strike that paralyzed most of the Zambian economy. The union leaders were released after judge ruled their detention as unconstitutional. In 1987, he successfully withstood challenge to his chairmanship of NUBEGW that would have put his ZCTU position in jeopardy.He got a zambian citizenship in April 2 1989.At that point he gave up his congolese citizenship. Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Kenneth Kaunda Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) was the first President of Zambia (1964–1991). ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ...

Politics

In 1990 he helped form the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), a party that, with Chiluba as its presidential candidate, went on to successfully challenge Kaunda's rule in the 1991 elections. Chiluba is a powerful speaker with a natural charm and charisma. Chiluba took office on November 2 of that year. He won re-election to a second five-year term in 1996 despite a lawsuit questioning his birthplace and hence his eligibility for the post. Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... The Movement for Multiparty Democracy is a political party in Zambia. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

Chiluba attempted to deport Kaunda on the grounds that he was a Malawian. He amended the constitution in order to stop citizens with foreign parentage from standing for the presidency, aimed at disqualifying Kaunda.

Some candidates in the 1996 presidential elections challenged his eligibility on these grounds, claiming that he or his real father was born in Zaire. There is, however, no doubt that he was raised in the Copperbelt of Zambia and this contributed to his taking up of unionism.

In late 2001, Chiluba divorced his second wife, Vera, with whom he has nine children, namely Helen, Miko, Hortensia, Castro, Chongo, Kaindu, Halluda, Frederick Jr and Vera Jr. With his first wife he had Tito and Nikombe. Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

He later married the MMD Women's Chairperson, Regina Mwanza, who had been married to an engineer.

Despite his party's overwhelming majority in parliament, he failed to win support in his bid to amend the constitution allowing him to run for a third term. He stepped down at the end of his term on January 2, 2002, and was replaced by Levy Mwanawasa, his once time vice-president. Although Chiluba started out as a socialist, his policies later turned capitalist, stressing free enterprise with reduced government interference. is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (born September 3, 1948) is the third President of Zambia. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... In economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. ... Free Enterprise is am economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods; investments that are determined by private decision rather than by state control; and determined in a free market. ...

Legacy

Chiluba can be said to have left a very very shameful and dispicable an economic political legacy.^[1] Economically he transformed Zambia from a commandist socialist oriented economy to a capitalist and free market economy. He presided over the privatisation of hundreds of state enterprises and encouraged foreign and local private investment. There are mixed feelings in Zambia on the effectiveness of the economic transformation initiated by the Chiluba government with some people feeling it was unwise and riddled with corruption and others feeling it was necessary in order to shake off the economic lethargy caused by many years of government paternalism. What is incontestable is that under the Chiluba government liberalisation became the guiding principle.He was only interested in one thing...stealing from the zambian public and showering his girlfrieds with gifts.Alot of politicians have died from HIV Aids....and now even though it is a matter of speculation....one has to wonder if chiluba suffers from the same fate...will he pay for what he did ???

Politically, Chiluba left a mixed legacy. Chiluba's letdowns are mainly to do with his quest to stay in power. In 1996, he managed to block Kenneth Kaunda from standing against him in the Presidential Elections by introducing a clause in the constitution that stated that presidential candidates needed to have been born of Zambian parents. It is also alleged that he spent a lot of state money on bribing supporters to allow him seek a third term. He also expelled most senior members who opposed his third term. Most of them went on to form the Forum for Democracy and Development (FDD), led by former vice-president, Christon Tembo. Kenneth Kaunda Kenneth David Kaunda, commonly known as KK (born April 28, 1924) was the first President of Zambia (1964–1991). ... The Forum for Democracy and Development is a political party in Zambia. ... Lt. ...

He helped broker a peace agreement to end the war in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo, but failed to stop the escalating crime and poverty in Zambia. He was elected chairman of the Organization of African Unity after he left the presidency. Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ...

Corruption

He has recently been a target of Mwanawasa's campaign against corruption: in February 2003, he was charged along with his former intelligence chief, Xavier Chungu, and several former ministers and senior officials, with 168 counts of theft totalling more than $40m. Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

It is alleged that money was diverted from the Ministry of Finance into an account held at the London branch of the Zambia National Commercial Bank (Zanaco). Chiluba says the account was used by the country's intelligence services to fund operations abroad. Investigators say it was a slush fund, used to meet Chiluba and Chungu's private and personal expenses.

Most of the charges that were made against him have been dropped, while others remain. In addition, his wife Regina was arrested for receiving stolen goods.^[2][3][4]

In early 2006, Chiluba was flown to South Africa to receive medical attention for a heart condition. After resisting the government's call for him to return to Zambia for what they termed as long-term treatment, he returned on July 15. is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

On 4 May 2007 he was found guilty of stealing $460m (£230m) in a civil case by a UK court.^[5] London high court judge Peter Smith accused Chiluba of shamelessly defrauding his people and flaunting his wealth with an expensive wardrobe of "stupendous proportions". He also castigated his lawyer, Iqbal Meer, saying "I am satisfied that no honest solicitor in his position would have done what he did." His unquestioning acceptance of the money - transferred to a London bank account by the Zambian intelligence service - was "classic blind eye dishonesty".^[6][7] is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Peter Smith is a British jurist serving on the High Court of Justice who has presided over several prominent cases. ...

Chiluba, however, continues to plead innocence and has refused to recognise the verdict of the Judge Peter Smith who he accuses of having been bribed by the Mwanawasa government. It is yet to be seen what effect the civil ruling in the UK will have on the criminal proceedings in the Zambian courts. According to Chiluba the judgement in the UK has rendered the criminal proceedings in Zambia academic by heavily prejudicing his case.

On 7 June, the amount, which Chiluba was ordered to repay, was increased to $58m, accounting for interest and legal costs.^[8] Several days later, Judge Smith ordered Chiluba to leave his home in Lusaka within two weeks because it was judged to have been bought with money stolen from the public.^[9] June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ...

Chiluba collapsed on 24 May 2007 due to heart trouble and was hospitalized.^[10] He was released from the hospital on 29 May, and on 30 May doctors judged him to be fit to stand trial on embezzlement charges following an examination.^[11] On 31 May, a court ruled that his trial should proceed, although his lawyers argued that it should not due to his poor health.^[12] On 27 July he was flown to South Africa to be treated for heart trouble;^[13] this had been approved by the government earlier in the month.^[14] He is scheduled to appear in court for his trial on 14 August,^[13] and he returned to Zambia on August 11, saying in an interview that he was "surviving on God's will". His spokesman said that his illness made it uncertain whether he would appear in court; in July, it was ruled that, if necessary, Chiluba would participate in the trial through video or a judge would go to his home.^[15] is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

See also

• History of Church activities in Zambia

Presidents of Zambia
Kenneth Kaunda • Frederick Chiluba • Levy Mwanawasa