Frederick Edward Maning (July 5, 1812 - July 25, 1883) was a notable early settler in New Zealand, a writer and judge of the Native Land Court. He published two books under the pseudonym Pākehā Māori. July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... A pseudonym (Greek: false name) is a fictitious name used by an individual as an alternative to his or her legal name. ... Pākehā Māori is a term used to describe some early European settlers in New Zealand (known as Pākehā in the Māori Language) who lived among the Māori. ...

Maning was born in Johnville, County Dublin, Ireland, the eldest son of moderately wealthy, protestant Anglo-Irish parents. His father, Frederick Maning, emigrated to Van Diemen's Land in 1824 with his wife and three sons to take up farming. Young Maning became a skilled outdoorsman, and built up the physical strength to match his six foot, three inch stature. In 1829, his father became a customs officer in Hobart and moved there with his family. It is quite likely that Maning participated in the infamous Black Line and at least witnessed aspects of the Black War. He reportedly did not speak of this period much in his later life. It is possible that these incidents may have contributed to his decision to leave Hobart. By 1832, Frederick had left home to manage a remote outpost in the north of Tasmania. Soon after, Frederick decided to pursue his fortune in New Zealand. Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Dublin Code: D Area: 921 km² Population (2002) 1,122,821 County Dublin (Irish: Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath), or more correctly the Dublin Region[1] (Réigiúin Átha Cliath), is the area that contains the city of Dublin, the capital and largest city of... Van Diemens Land was the original name used by Europeans for the island of Tasmania, now part of Australia. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... View of the Hobart downtown district and Mt Wellington from Constitution Dock Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. ... The Black Line is a notorious incident that occurred in 1830 on Tasmania, or Van Diemens Land as it was then known. ... Poster issued in Van Diemens Land during the Black War depicting Lieutenant-Governor Daveys policy of friendship and equal justice for settlers and aborigines. ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Maning arrived in the Hokianga area at age 22, on June 30, 1833, and lived among the Ngapuhi Māori. With Maning's physical skills and great stature, as well as his considerable good humor, he quickly gained favor with the tribe. He became known as a Pākehā Māori (a European turned native) and his arrival in New Zealand is the subject of the first chapters of his book Old New Zealand. The Hokianga Harbour, also known as The Hokianga River or more frequently simply as The Hokianga is a long estuarial drowned valley and its surrounding area on the west coast in the north of the North Island of New Zealand. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Ngapuhi form one of the major and (with over 100,000 members) the single most numerous of the Maori tribes or iwi in New Zealand, occupying much the Northland Peninsula, also known as Tai Tokerau, north of the city of Auckland. ... The word Māori refers to the indigenous people of New Zealand and to their language. ... Pākehā Māori is a term used to describe some early European settlers in New Zealand (known as Pākehā in the Māori Language) who lived among the Māori. ...

In 1837, he sold his property and returned to Hobart. He returned to Hokianga in March, 1839 and in September purchased 200 acres (0.8 km²) for a farm at Onoke, for which, unlike most white adventurers of the time, he paid full value. He built a house there that is still standing. He took a Māori wife, Moengoroa, and they had four children, Maria Amina, Hauraki Hereward, Mary and Susan. Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1840, Maning acted as a translator at meetings about the Treaty of Waitangi, and he advised the local Māori to not sign. His vocal opposition to the Treaty was primarily because he had settled with the Māori precisely to escape from the restrictions of European civilization. He feared that the introduction of European style law would put a damper on his lifestyle and on his entrepreneurial trading activities. He warned the Māori that European colonization would degrade them. Governor William Hobson countered by telling the Māori that without British Law, lawless self-interested Europeans without any regard for Māori rights would soon take all their land. Maning's book Old New Zealand is, in part, a lament for the lost freedom enjoyed before European rule. In 1845-1846, during the Māori Wars, he sometimes used his influence with the Māori to intercede on behalf of settlers. He also organized supplies to the government's Māori supporters. However, he wrote his second book, A history of the war in the north of New Zealand against the chief Heke from the perspective of an imaginary supporter of Hone Heke, who was one of the principal antagonists opposing the government. Maning may even have actually fought with Hone Heke against one of Tamati Waka Nene's allies, the Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui in the The Battle of Te Ahu Ahu. 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi (Māori: Te Tiriti o Waitangi) was signed on February 6, 1840 at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. ... William Hobson (September 26, 1792 - September 10, 1842), was the first Governor of New Zealand and co-author of the Treaty of Waitangi. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... M is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ... Hone Wiremu Heke Pokai (1810? - August 6, 1850) was a Māori chief and war leader in New Zealand. ... Hone Wiremu Heke Pokai (1810? - August 6, 1850) was a Māori chief and war leader in New Zealand. ... Waka. ... The First Maori War, also known as the Flagstaff War was fought between 11 March 1845 and 11 January 1846, in and around the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. ...

Through the 1850s, Maning primarily occupied himself with timber and gum trade. In the early 1860s, he retired from business activities. In 1865, he entered the public service as a judge of the Native Land Court, where his unequalled knowledge of the Māori language, customs, traditions and prejudices was of solid value. He retired in 1876 although he helped conduct a major land court hearing at Taupo in 1881. He became estranged from his children in his later years. 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Taupo is a large urban area in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

In November 1882, he went to London for an operation; however, he died there on July 25, 1883 of cancer. At his wish, his body was taken back to New Zealand and buried in December, 1883, in the Symonds Street Cemetery in Auckland. 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ... July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Maning is chiefly remembered as the author of two short books, Old New Zealand and History of the War in the North of New Zealand against the Chief Heke. Both books have been reprinted many times and have become classics of New Zealand literature.

See also

• New Zealand literature

New Zealand claims as its own many writers, even those immigrants born overseas or those emigrants who have gone into exile. ...

References

• Pakeha Maori: The extraordinary story of the Europeans who lived as Maori in early New Zealand by Trevor Bentley; published 1999 ISBN 0-14-028540-7 pp. 132-33.
• Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
• 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
• PDF copy of Maning's two books
• Frederick Edward Maning at the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
• Old New Zealand: Being Incidents of Native Customs and Character in the Old Times by A Pakeha Maori full text.
• Philip Steer. Introduction to 'Old New Zealand' full text.