Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel (1720-1785) Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
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Frederick returned in 1229 and signed (1230) the Treaty of San Germano, by which he was temporarily reconciled with the pope.
Frederick issued a circular against the pope and seized most of the Papal States; in May, 1241, he captured a number of prelates en route from Genoa to a general council in Rome, and he was threatening Rome when Gregory died.
FrederickII was one of the most arresting figures of the Middle Ages.
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