Frederick III
German Emperor, King of Prussia
Frederick III as crown prince
Reign	1888
Born	18 October 1831
	Potsdam, Prussia
Died	15 June 1888
	Potsdam
Predecessor	William I
Successor	William II
Consort	Victoria, Princess Royal
Issue	William II Princess Charlotte Prince Heinrich Prince Sigismund Princess Viktoria Prince Waldemar Princess Sophie Princess Margarete
Royal House	House of Hohenzollern
Father	William I
Mother	Augusta of Saxe-Weimar

Frederick III (Frederick William Nicholas Charles; October 18, 1831 – June 15, 1888), (German: Friedrich III., Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen) was German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling for 99 days until his death in 1888. Kaiser is a German title meaning emperor, derived from the Roman title of Caesar, as is the Slavic title of Czar. ... The following is a list of Kings of Prussia (Könige von Preußen) from the Hohenzollern family. ... Image File history File links FriedIII.jpg‎ Summary Federick III emperor of Germany Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Frederick III, German Emperor Portal:Germany/Anniversaries/June Portal:Germany/Anniversaries/June/June 15 ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Potsdam is the capital city of the federal state of Brandenburg in Germany. ... Flag of Prussia (1894 - 1918) The Kingdom of Prussia existed from 1701 until 1918, and from 1871 was the leading kingdom of the German Empire, comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire. ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Potsdam is the capital city of the federal state of Brandenburg in Germany. ... William I (William Frederick Louis, German: ) (March 22, 1797 – March 9, 1888) of the House of Hohenzollern was a King of Prussia (January 2, 1861 – 9 March 1888) and the first German Emperor (18 January 1871 – 9 March 1888). ... William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and... Victoria of the United Kingdom (born Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise) 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was the eldest child and daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Albert. ... William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and... Victoria Elizabeth Augusta Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen (24 July 1860-1 October 1919) was the second child born to Crown Prince Friedrich of Prussia and Princess Victoria. ... Heinrich, Prince of Prussia (1726-1802) Heinrich, Prince of Prussia (1862-1929) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Viktoria of Prussia was the daughter of Frederick III of Germany (1831-1888) and his wife, the former Princess Victoria, Princess Royal (1840-1901) daughter of Queen Victoria. ... Prince Waldemar of Prussia (Joachim Friedrich Ernst Waldemar) (February 10, 1868–March 27, 1879) was the sixth child of Crown Prince Friedrich III (later Emperor Friedrich III), and Victoria, Princess Royal of Great Britain, a daughter of the British Queen Victoria. ... Sophie Dorothea Ulrike Alice of Prussia (June 14, 1870 - January 13, 1932), was a Queen consort of Greece She was born in Potsdam, Germany in 1870 to then Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia and Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom, herself the eldest daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince... Princess Margaret Beatrice Feodora of Prussia (April 22, 1872 - January 22, 1954) was the daughter of the future Frederick III, German Emperor (1831-1888) and his wife, Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (1840-1901), daughter of Queen Victoria. ... Hohenzollern redirects here. ... William I (William Frederick Louis, German: ) (March 22, 1797 – March 9, 1888) of the House of Hohenzollern was a King of Prussia (January 2, 1861 – 9 March 1888) and the first German Emperor (18 January 1871 – 9 March 1888). ... Princess Augusta Marie Luise Katharina of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess in Saxony (September 30, 1811–January 7, 1890), later the Queen of Prussia and German Empress was the consort of William I, German Emperor. ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ... The following is a list of Kings of Prussia (Könige von Preußen) from the Hohenzollern family. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Early life

Frederick William (as he was known before he assumed the throne) was born in the New Palace at Potsdam. His father, Prince William of Prussia was a younger brother of King Frederick William IV of Prussia. Prussia at the time was no more than an average military state, recovering at the time from the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. ^[1] His mother, Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, had been brought up in a very different atmosphere from her husband. Weimar, unlike Prussia, was the first German state to grant its subjects a constitution. His parents marriage was also not a love match. Frederick's parents were quite ill-suited to one another. His father had been in love with Princess Catherine Radziwill, a minor Princess of the Polish aristocracy. He was forced to give her up due to her unequal rank and marry a dynastically suitable Princess. This he did out of duty. ^[2] Princess Augusta was well known across Europe for her liberal views. ^[3] It is not surprising therefore that Frederick's adult memories were always of a lonely childhood in a home dominated by his ill-matched parents. ^[4] He had one sister Luise, later Grand Duchess of Baden, to whom he was very close. Potsdam is the capital city of the federal state of Brandenburg in Germany. ... William I (William Frederick Louis, German: ) (March 22, 1797 – March 9, 1888) of the House of Hohenzollern was a King of Prussia (January 2, 1861 – 9 March 1888) and the first German Emperor (18 January 1871 – 9 March 1888). ... Photograph of Frederick King Frederick William IV of Prussia (October 15, 1795 - January 2, 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861. ... Princess Augusta Marie Luise Katharina of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess in Saxony (September 30, 1811–January 7, 1890), later the Queen of Prussia and German Empress was the consort of William I, German Emperor. ...

Education

The Hohenzollern family traditionally valued a military education. It was Frederick's mother that insisted that her son be educated according to liberal ideas. ^[5] Therefore his education was closely supervised and extremely thorough. He was a talented student and was particularly good at foreign languages. He became fluent in English and French and also studied Latin as well as History, Geography, Physics, Music and Religion. Frederick was also good at gymnastics and became very good rider as required of a Prussian Prince. ^[6] Like all Hohenzollern Princes he became familiar from a particularly young age with the military traditions of the dynasty. At the age of ten, in accordance with family tradition, he received his commission as second lieutenant in the First Infantry Regiment of Guards, and was invested with the Hohenzollern Order of the Black Eagle. ^[7] As a Prussian Prince, Frederick was expected to become actively involved as a military commander and strategist. ^[8] He later, breaking with Hohenzollern tradition, spent time studying history, literature and law at the University at Bonn. His future father-in-law, Prince Albert, had studied there. ^[9] The House of Hohenzollern is a German dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania. ... The Order of the Black Eagle The Order of the Black Eagle (German: Schwarzer-Adler-Orden) was the highest order of chivalry in Prussia. ... Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...

Marriage and Family

As early as 1851, there were plans to marry Frederick William to Princess Victoria ("Vicky") of Great Britain and Ireland, the eldest daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. At the christening of the future King Edward VII, Frederick's uncle, King Frederick William IV of Prussia was godfather and had also dangled the Princess Royal on his knee. The royal dynasty in England was predominantly German. There was little English blood in Queen Victoria and none in her husband Prince Albert. ^[10] The idea of Frederick marrying the Princess Royal was considered to be a very good idea by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Nobody welcomed the prospect of closer connections with Britain more than Princess Augusta. Prince William had been indifferent to the idea and had hoped for a marriage with a Russian Grand Duchess. ^[11] King Leopold I of Belgium, uncle of both Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, had long treasured the idea of Baron Stockmar of a marriage alliance between Britain and Prussia. ^[12] Prince Albert hoped that the marriage would lead to the liberalisation and modernisation of Prussia. An announcement of the betrothal of the young couple occurred in April 1856. ^[13] The wedding would not take place until January 25, 1858. The couple were married in the Chapel of St.James Palace, London. To mark the occasion, Frederick was promoted to Major-General the Prussian First Infantry Regiment of Guards. The marriage was a great love match. ^[14] The rigorously educated Vicky, also known as the Princess Royal shared her husband's liberal views. The couple had eight children during their marriage: William in 1859, Charlotte in 1860, Henry in 1862, Sigismund in 1864, Victoria in 1866, Waldemar in 1868, Sophie in 1870 and Margarete in 1872. Sadly both Princes Sigismund and Waldemar died in childhood. Frederick's eldest son, William, suffered from a withered arm due to his difficult breech birth which nearly killed both mother and son. Relations between both parents and William would prove to be difficult as the years went by. 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Victoria of the United Kingdom (born Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise) 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was the eldest child and daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Albert. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. ... Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (in full Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel), later The Prince Consort, (26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861) was the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Edward VII King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India His Majesty King Edward VII (Albert Edward) (9 November 1841–6 May 1910) was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Photograph of Frederick King Frederick William IV of Prussia (October 15, 1795 - January 2, 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861. ... This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Princess Anne, the current Princess Royal Princess Royal is a style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to his or her eldest daughter. ... William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and... Victoria Elizabeth Augusta Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen (24 July 1860-1 October 1919) was the second child born to Crown Prince Friedrich of Prussia and Princess Victoria. ... Prince Albert Wilhelm Heinrich of Prussia, known as Prince Heinrich (August 14, 1862 in Berlin – April 20, 1929 in Hemmelmark, Schleswig-Holstein) was a younger brother of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Viktoria of Prussia was the daughter of Frederick III of Germany (1831-1888) and his wife, the former Princess Victoria, Princess Royal (1840-1901) daughter of Queen Victoria. ... Princess Sophie of Prussia (June 14, 1870–January 13, 1932), was queen consort of King Constantine I of Greece. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Margarete Beatrice Feodora of Prussia (April 22, 1872 - January 22, 1954) was the daughter of the future Frederick III, German Emperor (1831-1888) and his wife, Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (1840-1901), daughter of Queen Victoria. ...

Crown Prince

On January 2, 1861, Frederick William's father became King William I of Prussia, and Frederick William himself became Crown Prince at the age of twenty-nine. It was a role he was destined to play until the long overdue death of his father on March 9, 1888. The accession of the king did not usher in the new era for which Frederick and the liberal elements in Prussia had hoped. The new King was an obstinate old soldier who not likely to change his conservative ideas at the age of sixty-four. ^[15] Frederick very nearly became Emperor in September, 1862 when his father threatened to abdicate over an impasse between himself and the Reichstag over reducing the length of compulsory military service required by soldiers. ^[16] Frederick was appalled that an abdication would "constitute a threat to the dynasty, country and Crown." ^[17] The crisis passed and William I did not abdicate. On December 14, 1861, Frederick's father-in-law, and fellow liberal died. The elections in Prussia in December 1861 had produced a greatly increased liberal majority. Frederick declared himself in complete agreement with the "essential liberal policy for internal and foreign affairs." ^[18] He was severely reproached by his father. As a result of major disagreements, Frederick with the permission of the king, was pleased to go frequently to England with his family where Queen Victoria allowed him to deputise for her on numerous occasions. ^[19] The arrival of Bismarck, who had driven like a steamroller through all opposition ^[20], as chief minister of the king, set Frederick on a collision course with his father on policy and led to his exclusion from affairs of state for the rest of the reign. A united Germany was not to be achieved through liberal and peaceful means but through Bismarck's policy of blood and iron. January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... William I (William Frederick Louis, German: ) (March 22, 1797 – March 9, 1888) of the House of Hohenzollern was a King of Prussia (January 2, 1861 – 9 March 1888) and the first German Emperor (18 January 1871 – 9 March 1888). ... A Crown Prince or Crown Princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Look up September in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by...

Military Commander

Crown Prince Frederick formed a partnership with General Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal, his Chief of Staff, through whom he was able to command victorious armies in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. His timely arrival was crucial to the Prussian victory at Sadowa. Once the fighting was over the king presented Frederick as a mark of personal gallantry on the field with the Order Pour le Merite. A few days before Koniggratz, Frederick had written to his wife hoping that this would be the last war he would have to fight. On the third day of the battle he wrote again to her, "Who knows whether we may not have to wage a third war in order to keep what we have now won?" ^[21] His lack of faith in Bismarck was to prove correct in the future. As commander, Frederick also had great victories in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, where he commanded the III Army at Wissembourg, Wœrth, Sedan and during the Siege of Paris. Generalfeldmarschall Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal (July 20, 1810 - December 21, 1900), Prussian generalfeldmarschall, son of Captain Ludwig von Blumenthal (killed in 1813 at the battle of Dennewitz), was born at Schwedt-on-the-Oder. ... Combatants Austria, Saxony, Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Hanover and some minor German States (formerly as the German Confederation) Prussia, Italy, and some minor German States Strength 600,000 Austrians and German allies 500,000 Prussians and German allies 300,000 Italians Casualties 20,000 dead or wounded 37,000 dead... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... In the Battle of Königgrätz or Battle of Sadowa of July 3, 1866, the Austro-Prussian War was decided in favor of Prussia. ... Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with south German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III Otto Von Bismarck, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Strength 400,000 at the beginning of the war 1,200,000 Casualties 150,000 dead or wounded 284,000 captured 350,000 civilian... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Battle of Wissembourg or Weissenburg was the first battle of the Franco-Prussian War. ... Combatants Prussia Baden Bavaria Württemberg France Commanders Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Patrice MacMahon Strength 88,000 50,000 Casualties 10,000 dead, wounded, or missing 11,000 dead or wounded 9,000 captured Württemberg troops attack at Wörth The Battle of WÅ“rth, also known as the... Combatants Prussia Bavaria France Commanders Wilhelm I Helmuth von Moltke Napoleon III Patrice MacMahon Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot Strength 200,000 774 cannon 120,000 564 cannon Casualties 2,320 dead 5,980 wounded 700 missing (9,000 total) 3,000 dead 14,000 wounded 21,000 captured 82,000 surrendered... Combatants Prussia, Baden Bavaria, Württemberg (later German Empire) France Commanders Wilhelm I of Germany Helmuth von Moltke Louis Jules Trochu Joseph Vinoy Strength 240,000 regulars 200,000 regulars 200,000 militia and sailors Casualties 12,000 dead or wounded 24,000 dead or wounded 146,000 captured 47...

Heir to the German Empire

When the German states united as a single German Empire in 1871, Frederick William became heir to the new German monarchy with his father as Emperor. Never liked by the powerful German Chancellor Bismarck, who distrusted him and his wife's liberalism, Frederick William was always kept out of any real position of power throughout his father's reign. Nobody could have forseen when his father became Emperor that he would live until 1888. Frederick William was left without responsibilities. He did do a lot of good establishing schools and churches in the area of Bornstaedt near Potsdam. ^{[22] [23]} Emperor William, in an effort to raise Berlin as the capital into a cultural city, appointed Frederick to the position of Protector of Public Museums. It was largely due to his work and that of William Bode, Director of Berlin galleries, that considerable artistic collections were acquired. After his death these collections were housed in the new Kaiser Friedrich Museum later known as the Bode Museum in Berlin. ^[24] Frederick continued to undertake military and representational duties when required such as attending Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee in London in 1887. "For a while Fritz's life was little more than a chronicle of foundation stone laying, travelling to weddings and celebrations in all corners of the continent and family visits to his wife's relations in England or alternatively to her sister Alice at the humble palace in Darmstadt." ^[25] One highlight during this period was the happy celebration of his silver wedding anniversary on January 25, 1883. Motto Gott mit Uns (German: God with us”) Anthem Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I Capital Berlin Language(s) Official: German Unofficial minority languages: Danish, French, Frisian, Polish, Sorbian Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor  - 1871–1888 William I  - 1888 Frederick... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The German Monarchy existed formally from 1871 to 1918. ... The head of government in Germany has traditionally been called Kanzler (Chancellor). ... “Bismarck” redirects here. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Bode Museum The Bode Museum belongs to the group of museums on Museum Island in Berlin and is a historically preserved building. ... The Bode Museum The Bode Museum belongs to the group of museums on Museum Island in Berlin and is a historically preserved building. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Illness and brief reign

By the time his father died aged 91 on March 9, 1888, Frederick had developed incurable cancer of the larynx ^[26], which was finally diagnosed on 12 November 1887 by the British doctor Morell Mackenzie (later knighted by Queen Victoria). On learning of his illness Frederick said, "To think I should have such a horrid disgusting illness ... I had so hoped to have been of use to my country". ^[27] Due to a rivalry between the local German doctors and the British doctors favoured by him and his wife, difficulties occurred over the proposed treatment of the patient. ^[28] German Doctor Bergam proposed to remove the larynx completely. His colleague Dr.Virchow disagreed. ^[29] Such an operation had never been successfully performed without the death of the patient. ^[30] Therefore both the Emperor and Empress naturally preferred the treatment suggested by Mackenzie. A cannula was fitted on 8 February to allow the Emperor to breathe. ^[31] This operation is called a tracheotomy. The Emperor Frederick was unable to speak for the remainder of his life, and communicated through writing. The German Dr.Bergman almost killed the Emperor by clumsily dealing with the cannula missing the incision in the windpipe and forcing the cannula into the wrong place. This caused the Emperor to cough and cough and streams of blood appeared. Not satisfied with the damage he had caused, Bergman then proceeded to place his forefinger into the wound to enlarge it. The bleeding subsided after two hours. The Emperor wrote, "Why did Bergman put his finger in my throat? ^[32] and later, "Bergman ill-treated me." ^[33] Bergman's interference resulted in an abcess in the patient's neck creating pus which made the condition more serious. ^[34] Years later to prove to his medical students that he could have saved Frederick III by removing his larynx, his patient died under the knife. ^{[35] [36] [37]} March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Voicebox redirects here. ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 49 days remaining. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... Sir Morell Mackenzie (1837-1892), was a British physician, one of the pioneers of laryngology in the United Kingdom. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Completed tracheostomy: 1 - Vocal cords 2 - Thyroid cartilage 3 - Cricoid cartilage 4 - Tracheal cartilages 5 - Balloon cuff A tracheotomy or tracheostomy is a surgical procedure performed on the neck to open a direct airway through an incision in the trachea (the windpipe). ...

In spite of his illness the Emperor was determined to fulfil his obligations as Emperor. Minutes after writing out the announcement of his accession, he removed from his jacket the ribbon and star from his own Order of the Black Eagle and pinned it on the dress of his wife. He was determined, though gravely ill, to honour the position of his wife as Empress. ^[38] He also managed to receive Queen Victoria and the Swedish King and attend the wedding of his son Prince Henry of Prussia to his niece Princess Irene of Hesse. Frederick III, who ruled for only 99 days, was a liberal and a great admirer of the British constitution. ^[39] Tragically he was no longer able to realize his plans. He did however force Robert von Puttkammer to resign on 8 June when evidence appeared that he had used his agents to interfere in the Reichstag elections. ^[40] Dr.Morell Mackenzie wrote of the Emperor that he had "an almost overwhelming sense of the duties of his position." ^[41] Writing to Lord Napier, the new Empress Victoria wrote of her husband, "The trial laid upon us is a very heavy one, .. and it is not easy to meet it with all the courage and the energy necessary - One tries to keep a stout heart, and hopes on, that things might improve! The Emperor is able to attend to his business, and do a great deal, but not being able to speak is, of course, most trying." ^[42] Finally on June 15, Frederick III died and was succeeded by his 29 year old son Wilhelm II. He is buried in a magnificent tomb under a recumbent marble effigy in a mausoleum attached to the Friedenskirche (Peace Church) in Postdam. The Order of the Black Eagle The Order of the Black Eagle (German: Schwarzer-Adler-Orden) was the highest order of chivalry in Prussia. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... This page refers to Prince Henry of Prussia (1726-1802); for Prince Henry of Prussia (1862-1929), see Albert Wilhelm Heinrich of Prussia. ... Robert von Puttkammer (5 May 1828 – 15 March 1900) was a Prussian statesman. ... June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... Sir Morell Mackenzie (1837-1892), was a British physician, one of the pioneers of laryngology in the United Kingdom. ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and... The Church of Peace The Church of Peace (German: ) is situated in the Marly Gardens on the Green Fence in the palace grounds of Sanssouci Park in Potsdam, Germany. ...

Legacy

Many people have considered Frederick's early death particularly tragic, not only for himself but for the German nation, and later the whole world. Frederick III was a liberal and great admirer of the British constitution. Given a longer lifespan it is likely he would have moved the constitutional monarchy in Germany towards a more liberal democratic course. ^[43] By contrast, his father lived over 91 years, making him wait quite a long time. Great hopes were set on him. Some have criticized him for complying with the policies of Bismarck and his father without giving stronger opposition. He was unable to do otherwise. Perhaps Frederick III realised what would happen after his death. He said in May 1888, "I cannot die .. What would happen to Germany?" ^[44] The House of Hohenzollern is a German dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania. ... William I (William Frederick Louis, German: ) (March 22, 1797 – March 9, 1888) of the House of Hohenzollern was a King of Prussia (January 2, 1861 – 9 March 1888) and the first German Emperor (18 January 1871 – 9 March 1888). ... Princess Louise of Prussia (December 3, 1838–April 23, 1923) was the second child and only daughter of Wilhelm I of Germany and Augusta of Saxe-Weimar. ... William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and... Victoria Elizabeth Augusta Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen (24 July 1860-1 October 1919) was the second child born to Crown Prince Friedrich of Prussia and Princess Victoria. ... Heinrich, Prince of Prussia (1726-1802) Heinrich, Prince of Prussia (1862-1929) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Viktoria of Prussia was the daughter of Frederick III of Germany (1831-1888) and his wife, the former Princess Victoria, Princess Royal (1840-1901) daughter of Queen Victoria. ... Prince Waldemar of Prussia (Joachim Friedrich Ernst Waldemar) (February 10, 1868–March 27, 1879) was the sixth child of Crown Prince Friedrich III (later Emperor Friedrich III), and Victoria, Princess Royal of Great Britain, a daughter of the British Queen Victoria. ... Sophie Dorothea Ulrike Alice of Prussia (June 14, 1870 - January 13, 1932), was a Queen consort of Greece She was born in Potsdam, Germany in 1870 to then Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia and Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom, herself the eldest daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince... Princess Margaret Beatrice Feodora of Prussia (April 22, 1872 - January 22, 1954) was the daughter of the future Frederick III, German Emperor (1831-1888) and his wife, Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (1840-1901), daughter of Queen Victoria. ... Prince Waldemar of Prussia (Waldemar Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich Viktor Heinrich) (20 March 1889 at Kiel-2 May 1945 at Tutzing, Bavaria) was the eldest son of Prince Heinrich of Prussia and his wife, Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and... Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany and Prussia (6 May 1882 - 20 July 1916), Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor August Ernst Kronprinz von Preussen, was born 6 May 1882 at Marmorpalais, Potsdam, Germany. ... Prince Eitel Friedrich (Wilhelm Eitel Friedrich Christian Karl) (July 7, 1883–December 8, 1942) was a son of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany by his first wife, Duchess Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein. ... Prince Adalbert (July 14, 1884–September 22, 1948) was a son of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany by his first wife, Augusta Viktoria, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein. ... Prince Augustus Wilhelm (January 29, 1887–March 25, 1949), called Auwi, was the fourth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany by his first wife, Augusta Viktoria, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein. ... Prince Oskar of Prussia (July 27, 1888–January 27, 1958) was the son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and Augusta Viktoria, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein. ... Prince Joachim Franz Humbert of Prussia (17 December 1890-18 July 1920) was the youngest son of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, by his first wife, Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Augustenburg. ... Princess Viktoria Luise (13 September 1892–11 December 1980), Duchess of Brunswick-Luneburg, was the seventh child and the only daughter of Emperor Wilhelm II and Empress Augusta Viktoria. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Liberal democracy is a form of government. ...

The attempts to raise his children in a different way could perhaps be considered a failure. His eldest son, politically most important, is a case in question. William II, his son and successor, turned against his father and especially his English mother, and adhered more to the militaristic and authoritarian ways of his grandfather William I, a course that tragically lead to World War I and the end of monarchy in Germany. Unlike his son, Frederick had served as an able military leader in several wars, and thus knew the cruelties firsthand. His other children were not all militaristic. His daughter Sophie of Prussia brought many liberal qualities as Queen Consort of Greece undertaking a great many humanitarian and educational projects. His other daughter Margaret, Princess of Hesse also held liberal viewpoints and greatly admired both her parents. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... “Kingdom” redirects here. ... Princess Sophie of Prussia (June 14, 1870–January 13, 1932), was queen consort of King Constantine I of Greece. ...

Ancestry

William I (William Frederick Louis, German: ) (March 22, 1797 – March 9, 1888) of the House of Hohenzollern was a King of Prussia (January 2, 1861 – 9 March 1888) and the first German Emperor (18 January 1871 – 9 March 1888). ... Frederick William III (German: , August 3, 1770 – June 7, 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. ... Frederick William II (German: ; September 25, 1744 – November 16, 1797) was the fourth king of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. ... Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (October 16, 1751 – February 25, 1805) was Queen of Prussia as the second wife of Frederick William II of Prussia. ... Louise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie (Louisa Augusta Wilhelma Amelia) (March 10, 1776 - July 19, 1810), Queen of Prussia, was born in Hanover, where her father, Karl of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, was field marshal of the household brigade. ... Charles II in 1800 Charles II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (German: ) (October 10, 1741 - November 6, 1816) was first duke, then grand duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. ... Princess Augusta Marie Luise Katharina of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess in Saxony (September 30, 1811–January 7, 1890), later the Queen of Prussia and German Empress was the consort of William I, German Emperor. ... Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (2 February 1783 – 1853) succeeded his famous father Carl August, in 1824. ... Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (b. ... Portrait of Maria Pavlovna, by Vladimir Borovikovsky. ... Paul I of Russia by Vladimir Borovikovsky Paul I of Russia (Russian: ; Pavel Petrovich) (October 1, 1754-March 23, 1801) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801. ... Roslins portrait of Maria Feodorovna at the age of 18, with the Pavlovsk Palace in the background. ...

Issue

William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Princess Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein (October 22, 1858 - April 11, 1921), was the last German Empress and Queen of Prussia. ... Victoria Elizabeth Augusta Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen (24 July 1860-1 October 1919) was the second child born to Crown Prince Friedrich of Prussia and Princess Victoria. ... July 24 is the 205th day (206th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 160 days remaining. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Bernhard III Frederick Wilhelm Albrecht Georg, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (b. ... Prince Albert Wilhelm Heinrich of Prussia, known as Prince Heinrich (August 14, 1862 in Berlin – April 20, 1929 in Hemmelmark, Schleswig-Holstein) was a younger brother of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (Irene Luise Marie Anna) (11 July 1866-11 November 1953) was the third child and third daughter of Princess Alice of the United Kingdom and Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... 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November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe (20 July 1859-9 July 1917) was the regent of the Principality of Lippe from 1895 till 1897. ... Prince Waldemar of Prussia (Joachim Friedrich Ernst Waldemar) (February 10, 1868–March 27, 1879) was the sixth child of Crown Prince Friedrich III (later Emperor Friedrich III), and Victoria, Princess Royal of Great Britain, a daughter of the British Queen Victoria. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (87th in leap years). ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Princess Sophie of Prussia (June 14, 1870–January 13, 1932), was queen consort of King Constantine I of Greece. ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (2 August 1868 - 11 January 1923) ruled Greece from 1913-1917 and from 1920-1922. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Margarete Beatrice Feodora of Prussia (April 22, 1872 - January 22, 1954) was the daughter of the future Frederick III, German Emperor (1831-1888) and his wife, Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (1840-1901), daughter of Queen Victoria. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... 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Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia This is a list of the rulers of the former German state of Prussia, originally territories on the Baltic Sea which the Teutonic Knights had conquered from of Poland and Lithuania, which later became a duchy under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Poland... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... William II or Wilhelm II (born Frederick William Albert Victor of Prussia; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Viktor von Preußen) (27 January 1859–4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (German: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling both the German Empire and...

References

1. ^ Frederick III German Emperor 1888 by John Van der Kiste, p.10
2. ^ ibid
3. ^ ibid, p.11
4. ^ ibid, p.12
5. ^ ibid
6. ^ Kaiser Friedrich der Guetige, p.44
7. ^ ibid, p.14
8. ^ ibid
9. ^ ibid, p.19
10. ^ Frederick III by John Van der Kiste, p.15
11. ^ ibid
12. ^ ibid, p.16
13. ^ ibid, p.31
14. ^ ibid, p.43
15. ^ ibid, p.61
16. ^ An Uncommon Woman by Hannah Pakula, p.168
17. ^ ibid
18. ^ Frederick III by John Van der Kiste, p.68
19. ^ ibid, p.69
20. ^ ibidi, p.75
21. ^ ibid, p.98
22. ^ Kaiser Friedrich der Guetige, p.420
23. ^ Frederick III, p.89
24. ^ ibid, p.128
25. ^ ibid, pp.130-131
26. ^ Eclipse of Kings by Denis Judd, p.13
27. ^ An Uncommon Woman by Hanna Pakula, p.448
28. ^ ibid, p.479
29. ^ The Other Victoria by Andrew Sinclair, p.195
30. ^ ibid, p.206
31. ^ ibid p.204
32. ^ ibid
33. ^ ibid
34. ^ ibid
35. ^ The English Empress by Egon Corti, p.307-308
36. ^ by An Uncommon Woman by Hannah Pakula, p.504
37. ^ Frederick III, p.171
38. ^ ibid, p.193
39. ^ Cambridge lllustrated History of Germany by Martin Kitchen, p.214
40. ^ The Other Victoria by Andrew Sinclair, p.211
41. ^ Frederick III by John Van der Kiste, p.195
42. ^ ibid, p.196
43. ^ Cambridge Illustrated History of Germany, p.214
44. ^ An Uncommon Woman by Hannah Pakula, p.484

Books

• Corti, Egon (1957). The English Empress : A study in the relations between Queen Victoria and her eldest daughter, Empress Frederick of Germany. London: Cassell, 406. 
• Judd, Denis (1976). Eclipse of Kings. New York: Stein and Day. ISBN 0 8128 2064 I. 
• Kitchen, Martin (1996). Cambridge Illustrated History of Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 8128 2064 I. 
• Macdonagh, Giles (2000). The Last Kaiser. London: Phoenix Press. ISBN I 84212 478 I. 
• Mueller-Bohn, Hermann (1900). Kaiser Friedrich der Guetige. Berlin: Verlag Von Paul Kittel. 
• Pakula, Hannah (1998). An Uncommon Woman - The Empress Frederick. London: Phoenix. ISBN I 85799 853 7. 
• Sinclair, Andrew (1981). The Other Victoria - The Princess Royal and the Grand Game of Europe. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson Ltd. ISBN 0 297 779887 7. 
• Van der Kiste, John (1981). Frederick III German Emperor 1888. Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0 904387 77 1. 

1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... Dr Andrew Sinclair (1935-) is a prolific British novelist, historian and biographer. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... John Van der Kiste, author, was born in Wendover, Buckinghamshire, in 1954, son of Wing Commander Guy Van der Kiste (1912-99). ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Kaiser Friedrich III
• AN IMPERIAL TRAGEDY: Frederick III and the Letters of the Empress - on-line article about the illness and death of Frederick III