Frederick Philip Grove (February 14, 1879-August 19, 1948) was a German-Canadian author. Insert non-formatted text here{| style=float:right; |- | paul is so hot sophie loves him |- | |} is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... An author is any person(s) or entity(s) that originates and assumes responsibility for an expression or communication. ...

Early life

He was born on in Radomno, East Prussia, but was brought up in Hamburg where he graduated with the "Abitur" from the famous Gymnasium Johanneum in 1898. After studying Classical Languages & Archaeology in Bonn, he became a prolific translator of World Literature and a minor literary figure in Stefan George's group, the Georgekreis, around 1900. East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia. ... Location Coordinates Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DE6 First Mayor Ole von Beust (CDU) Governing party CDU Votes in Bundesrat 3 (from 69) Basic statistics Area  755 km² (292 sq mi) Population 1,754,317 (11/2006)[1]  - Density 2,324 /km² (6,018... Abitur (from Latin abire = go away, go off) is the word commonly used in Germany for the final exams young adults (aged 18, 19 or 20) take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling. ... A gymnasium (pronounced with or, in Swedish, as opposed to ) is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar Schools and U.S. High Schools. ... Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek: αρχαίος, archaios, combining form in Latin archae-, ancient; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. ... Stefan George (1910) Stefan George (Bingen, Hesse, July 12, 1868 – Locarno, December 4, 1933) was a German poet and translator. ...

Emigration

He was imprisoned for fraud in 1903-04, lived in Wollerau, Switzerland, Paris-Plage, France, and Berlin, from where he transferred to North America on the White Star Liner Megantic in late July 1909. His wife Else joined him a year later in Pittsburgh, and in her papers at the University of Maryland, College Park, it is attested that the couple farmed near Sparta, Kentucky, until 1911, when Greve left her permanently. She modeled in nearby Cincinnati, and later became well-known in New York dada circles as Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven. Wollerau is a municipality in the district of Höfe, in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. ... Le Touquet Paris-Plage Golf Le Touquet-Paris-Plage, commonly referred to as Le Touquet, is a coastal town and commune of the Pas-de-Calais département, in northern France. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Nickname: Motto: Benigno Numine (With the Benevolent Deity) Location in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Coordinates: , Country United States Commonwealth Pennsylvania County Allegheny Founded November 25, 1758 Incorporated April 22, 1794 (borough)   March 18, 1816 (city) Government  - Mayor Luke Ravenstahl (D) Area  - City 151. ... The University of Maryland, College Park (also known as UM, UMD, or UMCP) is a public university located in the city of College Park, in Prince Georges County, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C., in the United States. ... Sparta (Doric: Spártā, Attic: SpártÄ“) is a city in southern Greece. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area  Ranked 37th  - Total 40,444 sq mi (104,749 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... Cover of the first edition of the publication, Dada. ... Baroness Else (Elsa) von Freytag-Loringhoven (sometimes also called Else von Freytag-von Loringhoven) (1874-1927) was a German-born avant-garde, Dadaist artist and poet who spent most of her life in Greenwich Village, New York. ...

Grove arrived in Manitoba, Canada, in 1912. He first taught in rural areas, but devoted himself entirely to writing after he settled in Rapid City, Manitoba, in 1922. In 1927, Grove and his wife Catherine lost their only child Phyllis May shortly before her twelfth birthday. Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Rapid City, Manitoba is a community in Manitoba. ...

In 1928-29, Grove went on three coast-to-coast lecture tours, and then the couple moved to Ontario in the fall of 1929. There, his son Arthur Leonard Grove was born on October 14, 1930. Grove briefly became an editor with Graphic Publishers, before moving to Simcoe, Ontario, where he continued to write. He suffered a second, crippling stroke in 1946. is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Simcoe is a community of approx. ...

Pseudonyms

FPG

Grove's most clever and obvious pseudonym is FPG: he used these initials on both sides of the Atlantic, for his legal birth name Felix Paul Greve and his Canadian name Frederick Philip Grove. Queen's University Professor D. O. Spettigue, who discovered Grove's true identity in October 1971 in the British Museum, published his sensational finding in his 1973 book FPG: The European Years. A pseudonym (Greek pseudo + -onym: false name) is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a persons true name. ...

Grove

The name Grove itself is an elegant modification of the author's real name Greve. On the Immigration Manifesto of the White Star Liner Megantic on July 31, 1909, it appears that Grove's name was smudged, leaving the nature of the central vowel uncertain, though it looks like an "o". Possibly, the German Gothic writing in Greve's passport left it open to a variety of interpretations, & Grove was non-committal as to its true spelling. is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Andrew R. Rutherford

Grove suggested the name "Andrew R. Rutherford" as a pseudonym for his first Canadian book publication Over Prairie Trails (1922). The same name appears in relation to his unpublished typescript in the University of Manitoba Archives, Jane Atkinson (ca. 1923, e-publ. 2000). This name is a direct reference to Grove's friend Herman Kilian's maternal grandfather, a renowned Scottish judge. Though Kilian had Grove arrested, tried & sentenced for fraud in May 1903, Grove appropriated Kilian's entire family background for his invented Canadian autobiography in the early 1920s, except that he claimed to be of Scottish-Swedish rather than Scottish-German origin.

Gerden & Thorer

Only two pseudonyms are attested in Grove's correspondence with Insel Publishers: he used F. C. Gerden for translations of decadent literature (Dowson, Browning), and Konrad Thorer for translations of Cervantes & Lesage.

Fanny Essler

In 1904-05, Greve published an accomplished, Petrarchan poetry cycle with his lover Else Endell, under the joint pseudonym Fanny Essler in Die Freistatt. In a revealing letter to Gide [Oct. 17, 1904], Greve explained daring plans concerning the so-called 'Fanny Essler' complex, which included his first novel about Else's life, which was entitled Fanny Essler (1905). Baroness Else (Elsa) von Freytag-Loringhoven (sometimes also called Else von Freytag-von Loringhoven) (1874-1927) was a German-born avant-garde, Dadaist artist and poet who spent most of her life in Greenwich Village, New York. ...

Bibliography: Felix Paul Greve, 1901-1909

• Wanderungen (Poems) - 1902
• Helena und Damon (Play) - 1902
• Gedichte / Ein Portrait: Drei Sonette / Gedichte. Von Fanny Essler (joint pseud. for F. P. Greve & Else von Freytag-Loringhoven) - Die Freistatt, 1904/5; e-Ed. with Eng. transl., 2005
• Fanny Essler: ein Berliner Roman (about Else von Freytag-Loringhoven) - 1905
• Fanny Essler: [a novel] (Eng. Transl., 2v.) - 1984
• Maurermeister Ihles Haus (about Else von Freytag-Loringhoven) - 1906
• The Master Mason's House (Eng. Transl.) - 1976
• [Der Sentimentalist] (Novel, announced ca. 1907)]
• [Der heimliche Adel] (Drama, announced ca. 1907)]

1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Bibliography: Frederick Philip Grove, 1914-1948

• Rousseau als Erzieher (Essay by "Fred Grove", Winkler, Manitoba) - Der Nordwesten (Winnipeg), 1914
• Over Prairie Trails (Essays) - 1922
• Turn of the Year (Essays) - 1923
• Settlers of the Marsh (Novel)- 1925
• A Search for America (Autobiogr. Novel)- 1927
• Our Daily Bread (Novel - 1928
• It Needs to Be Said (Essays) - 1929
• The Yoke of Life (Novel) - 1930
• Fruits of the Earth (Novel) - 1933
• The Master of The Mill (Novel) - 1944
• In Search of Myself (Autobiography) - 1946 (Won Governor General's Award)
• Consider Her Ways (Novel) - 1947
• Tales from the Margin (Short Stories) - 1971
• Letters of Frederick Philip Grove [& Felix Paul Greve] (Correspondence) - 1976
• Poems/Gedichte by/von Frederick Philip Grove, Felix Paul Greve, und 'Fanny Essler' - 1993
• Jane Atkinson (ms. Novel, ca. 1923, e-publ.) - 2000

Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

e-Editions

• Gedichte / Ein Portrait: Drei Sonette / Gedichte von Fanny Essler (joint pseud. for FPG/Felix Paul Greve & Else von Freytag-Loringhoven) -- Die Freistatt, 1904/5

http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~divay/FEPoems05/index.html [related criticism: "Greve's & Freytag-Loringhovens 'Fanny Essler' Poems: FPG's or Else's?", March 2005 e-Ed.]

• Jane Atkinson (ms. Novel, ca. 1923, e-publ., 2000

http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/etexts/Jane_Atkinson2005/index.html

• A Search for America (Autobiographical Novel (1927), e-publ. 2001 & 2005)

http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/etexts/Search_America2005/index.html

• In Search of Myself (Autobiography (1946), e-publ. 2007)

http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/etexts/Search_Myself/index.html

FPG (Greve/Grove) chronology and "Solar Grove" portrait

FPG (Greve/Grove) Chronology http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/bio/chron.html

Portrait "Solar Grove" http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/ill-pgs/ill_gro1921SolarAshf.html

Collage "Six Times Solar Grove" http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/ill-pgs/SixSolGrCollage.html

F.P. Grove at the Gutenberg project

Texts below provided by Gutenberg Australia or the University of Manitoba.

• Consider Her Ways (1947)[1]
• Fruits of the Earth (1933)[2]
• The Master of the Mill (1944)[3]
• Our Daily Bread (1928)[4]
• Settlers of the Marsh (1925)[5]

Source collections

Grove's papers were acquired by the University of Manitoba from his widow in the early 1960s (Mss 2, 24 Boxes). -- D. O. Spettigue's research papers, documenting the discovery of the FPG identity, were added in 1986, with an additional cluster concerning Greve's correspondence with A. Gide, K. Wolfskehl, O. A. H. Schmitz, but most importantly, Else von Freytag-Loringhoven's autobiographical writings, arriving in 1995 (Mss 57, 16 Boxes). -- Margaret Stobie's collection (Mss 13)documents Grove's early teaching activities in Manitoba, and contains Grove's first Canadian publication, the sprawling article "Rousseau als Erzieher" (Der Nordwesten, Nov./Dec. 1914). -- Dr. Divay's Research papers (Mss12) contain many documents pertaining to discoveries such as Greve's mss. poems submitted in 1902 for publications in Stefan George's prestigious Blätter für die Kunst, several sonnets he translated from Dante's Vita Nuova in 1898 [both from the Stefan-George-Archiv in Stuttgart, courtesy Dr. Ute Oelmann], seven poems published in 1904/5 under the joint pseud. 'Fanny Essler' in Die Freistatt, Greve's passage to North America from Liverpool to Montreal in July 1909, the Bonanza farm "in the Dakotas" described in A Search for America (1925), and Else & Greve's Sparta, Kentucky, location in 1910/11. -- The Grove Library Collection of some 500 titles contains many of the incredible number of books Grove translated into German when he was Greve, & the FPG Translations Collection reflects an almost complete record of these titanic efforts. -- The international anniversary symposium "In Memoriam FPG: 1879-1948-1998" has been recorded on 12 videos & made available for public viewing since early 1999. -- A website devoted to FPG (Greve/Grove) & Else von Freytag-Loringhoven has been established in 1995. André Paul Guillaume Gide (November 22, 1869 – February 19, 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1947. ... Karl Wolfskehl (September 17, 1869 - June 30, 1948) was a Jewish-German author who wrote poetry, prose and drama in German. ...

External links

• FPG (Greve/Grove) & Else von Freytag-Loringhoven Website
• Works by Frederick Philip Grove at Project Gutenberg
• http://www.kanadazentrum.uni-saarland.de/fpgrove/frederick_philip_grove_ind.htm (The F.P. Grove Project)