NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts

Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, VC, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, PC (30 September 1832 – 14 November 1914) was a distinguished British soldier and one of the most successful commanders of the Victorian era. He was affectionately known as 'Bobs' by the troops he commanded. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (500x662, 58 KB)Lord Roberts of Kabul and Kandahar on his Celebrated Charger (From Harpers Magazine, European Edition, December 1897, p27) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (500x662, 58 KB)Lord Roberts of Kabul and Kandahar on his Celebrated Charger (From Harpers Magazine, European Edition, December 1897, p27) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ... The Garter is the most recognizable insignia of the Order of the Garter. ... The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is an order of chivalry associated with Ireland. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Victoria in 1861. ... The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Victoria in 1877. ... Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining until the end of the year. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her Accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of Great Britain marked the height of the British industrial revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ...

Early life

Born at Cawnpore, India on 30 September 1832, Roberts was the son of General Sir Abraham Roberts a member of the famous Waterford city family that contributed so much to the city. At the time, Sir Abraham was commanding the 1st Bengal European Regiment. Roberts was named Sleigh in honour of the garrison commander, Major General William Sleigh. His mother was Isabella, daughter of Abraham Bunbury of Kilfeacle, County Tipperary. He was educated at Eton, Sandhurst and Addiscombe before entering the British Indian Army as a Second Lieutenant with the Bengal Artillery. Kānpur (known as Cawnpore before 1948) is the most populous city in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... General Sir Abraham Roberts General Sir Abraham Roberts was the father of Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a prestigious and internationally known Public School for boys. ... New College, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS), commonly known simply as Sandhurst, is the British Army officer initial training centre. ... Addiscombe is a place in the London Borough of Croydon. ... The Indian Army in the time of the British Raj (1857â€“1947) // Administrative Name The Indian Army is the name for the Indian Armed forces of that country; the meaning of that name changed over time: History The Indian Army was formed after the Indian Mutiny in 1857 by the... Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned rank in many armed forces. ... Bengal, known as BÃ´ngo (Bengali: à¦¬à¦™à§à¦—), Bangla (à¦¬à¦¾à¦‚à¦²à¦¾), BÃ´ngodesh (à¦¬à¦™à§à¦—à¦¦à§‡à¦¶), or Bangladesh (à¦¬à¦¾à¦‚à¦²à¦¾à¦¦à§‡à¦¶) in Bangla, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ...

Indian rebellion of 1857

He fought in the Indian rebellion, seeing action during the siege and capture of Delhi, and was present at the relief of Lucknow. In January 1858, at Khudaganj, he won the Victoria Cross. An engraving titled Sepoy Indian troops dividing the spoils after their mutiny against British rule gives a contemporary view of events from a strictly British perspective. ... This article is about the metropolis of Delhi. ... In 1857, Lucknow, the capital of the state of Oudh, was the scene of a historic defence by the British during the Sepoy Mutiny (Indian Mutiny/First War of Indian Independence) against British rule, known as the Siege of Lucknow, one of the key episodes in the unsuccessful rebellion. ... Khudaganj is a town and a nagar panchayat in Shahjahanpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ...

On 2 January 1858 at Khodagunge, India, on following up the retreating enemy, he saw in the distance two sepoys going away with a standard. He immediately gave chase, overtaking them just as they were about to enter a village. Although one of them fired at him the lieutenant was not hit and he took possession of the standard, cutting down the man who was carrying it. He had also on the same day saved the life of a sowar who was being attacked by a sepoy. January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... We dont have an article called Sowar Start this article Search for Sowar in. ... A sepoy (from Persian سپاهی Sepâhi meaning soldier) was a native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a European power, usually of the United Kingdom. ...

Abyssinia and Afghanistan

After serving with the British Army in the Umbeyla and Abyssinian campaigns of 1863 and 1867–1868 respectively, Roberts fought in the Lushai campaign (1871–1872), for which he was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB). Six years later, he was promoted to Major-General and given command of the Kuram field force in the Second Afghan War, distinguishing himself enough to receive the thanks of Parliament and the Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB). In the wake of this success he was appointed commander of the Kabul and Kandahar field force, leading his 10,000 troops through Afghanistan to the relief of the latter city ( see Battle of Kandahar). He also managed to capture Kabul, and defeated Muhammad Yakub Khan, the Afghan emir. For his services, Sir Frederick again received the thanks of Parliament, and was appointed both Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) and Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1880, becoming a baronet the following year. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. ... // The Rise of Dost Mohammad It was not until 1826 that the energetic Dost Mohammad was able to exert sufficient control over his brothers to take over the throne in Kabul, where he proclaimed himself amir. ... The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories. ... A view of the old city Kabul Kabul (, KÃ¢bl, in Persian Ú©Ø§Ø¨Ù„) is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan with a population variously estimated at 2 to 4 million. ... For the 2001 movie by Mohsen Makhmalbaf, see Kandahar (film). ... Combatants Britain / India Afghans Commanders Frederick Roberts Ayub Khan Strength 10,000 32 guns 12,800 32 guns Casualties 36 Killed, 218 wounded 1,000 Killed 1,500 wounded (approx) The Battle of Kandahar, 1 September 1880, was the last major conflict of the Second Anglo-Afghan War. ... Muhammad Yakub Khan (1849 - 1923), was an emir of Afghanistan between 1879 and 1880. ... The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Victoria in 1877. ... A baronet (traditional abbreviation Bart, modern abbreviation Bt), is the holder of an hereditary title awarded by the British Crown, known as a baronetcy. ...

After a very short interval as Governor of Natal and Commander-in-Chief of British forces in South Africa, Roberts (having been promoted to Lieutenant-General in 1883) was appointed Commander-in-Chief in Madras, a post he held for four years. In 1885 he succeeded this appointment as Commander-in-Chief throughout the whole of India, and two years later was appointed Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE). This was subsequently followed by his promotion to General in 1890, and in 1892 he was created Baron Roberts, of Kandahar in Afghanistan and of the City of Waterford. A governor is a governing official, usually the executive (at least nominally, to different degrees also politically and administratively) of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the Head of state; furthermore the title applies to officials with a similar mandate as representatives of a chartered company which has... KwaZulu-Natal, often referred to as KZN, is a province of South Africa. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Madras refers to: the Indian city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. ... The list was taken from only one source [1]. Some checking had been done but the dates and the links to names need further work. ... The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Victoria in 1877. ... A General is an officer of high military rank. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ...

After relinquishing his Indian command and becoming Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India in 1893, Lord Roberts two years later returned to his homeland as Commander-in-Chief of British forces in Ireland, becoming Field Marshal in 1895 and receiving the Order of St Patrick in 1897. The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Victoria in 1861. ... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is an order of chivalry associated with Ireland. ...

Boer War

Two years later, he returned to South Africa in command of British troops fighting in the Second Boer War, relieving Kimberley and advancing to Pretoria. After a year, he was succeeded in the command by Lord Kitchener, and returned to England to receive yet more honours: he was made a Knight of the Garter and also created Earl Roberts, of Kandahar in Afghanistan and Pretoria in the Transvaal Colony and of the City of Waterford, and Viscount St Pierre. He also became the honorary Colonel of the Irish Guards in 1900, an appointment he kept for the remainder of his life, which gained the regiment the nickname 'Bob's Own'. He was also the following year, in 1902, appointed one of the first members of the Order of Merit. Combatants United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand Orange Free State, South African Republic Commanders Frederick Roberts, Lord Kitchener Christiaan Rudolf de Wet, Paul Kruger Casualties 22,000 6,500 Civilians killed [mainly Boers]: 24,000+ The Second Boer War, also known as the South African War (outside of South Africa... Kimberley is a town in South Africa, and the capital of the Northern Cape. ... City motto: Praestantia Praevaleat Pretoria (May Pretoria Be Pre-eminent In Excellence) Province Gauteng Area - % water 1,644 kmÂ² 0. ... The Earl Kitchener The Right Honourable Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 June 1850â€“5 June 1916) was a British Field Marshal, diplomat and statesman. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification - by Athelstan AD 927 Area - Total 130,395 kmÂ² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq... A garter is one of the Orders most recognisable insignia. ... Flag of Transvaal The Transvaal (lit. ... Colonel (IPA: or ) is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ... This article deals with the current British Army regiment, for historical regiments, see Historical Irish Guards regiments. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ...

Later life

Lord Roberts served as the last Commander-in-Chief of the British Army for three years before the post was abolished in 1904, and for the last ten years of his life was showered with yet more honours, including numerous honorary degrees and the Colonelcy of the National Reserve. He was a keen advocate of introducing conscription to Britain in order to prepare for a Great European War. He died of pneumonia at St Omer, France, while visiting Indian troops fighting in the First World War. After lying in state in Westminster Hall (one of two non-Royals to do so in the 20th century, the second being Winston Churchill in 1965), he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, London. Image File history File links Field_Marshall_Lord_Roberts. ... Image File history File links Field_Marshall_Lord_Roberts. ... Pneumonia is an illness of the lungs and respiratory system in which the alveoli (microscopic air-filled sacs of the lung responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere) become inflamed and flooded with fluid. ... Saint-Omer, a town and commune of Artois in northern France, sous-préfecture of the Pas-de-Calais département, 42 miles west-north-west of Lille on the railway to Calais. ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Italy Russia United States Serbia Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Nicholas II Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Reinhard Scheer Franz Josef I Conrad von HÃ¶tzendorf Ä°smail Enver Ferdinand I Casualties... Lying-in-state is the term used during a major funeral procession when the coffin is placed on public view to allow members of the public to pay their respects to the deceased. ... Clock Tower and New Palace Yard from the west The Palace of Westminster, on the banks of the River Thames in Westminster, London, is the home of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, which form the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... This article is becoming very long. ... St Pauls Cathedral from the south St Pauls Cathedral is a cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, England and the seat of the Bishop of London. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Roberts' estate was probated in 1914 at 77,304 pounds sterling (equivalent to £4.8 million in 2004).

Both his sons having predeceased him, including Frederick Hugh Sherston Roberts VC who was killed in action at the battle of Colenso during the Boer War, Roberts's barony became extinct, but under the special remainder granted with them he was succeeded in the Earldom and Viscountcy by his elder surviving daughter. The Hon. ... Categories: ‪Battle stubs‬ | ‪Boer War battles‬ ... Various rulers or governments of Europe, of Japan bestow or recognise the title of baron. ... An Earl as a member of the British peerage ranks below a Marquess and above a Viscount. ... A viscount is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl (in Britain) or a count (his continental equivalent). ...

Titles and Honours

Roberts held eight sets of official post-nominals, a record for a non-royal. It has been suggested that Postnomial be merged into this article or section. ...

Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. ... The Right Honourable (abbreviated The Rt Hon. ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... A statue of an armoured knight of the Middle Ages For the chess piece, see knight (chess). ... A General is an officer of high military rank. ... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ... The Garter is the most recognizable insignia of the Order of the Garter. ... The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is an order of chivalry associated with Ireland. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Victoria in 1861. ... The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Victoria in 1877. ... Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ...

External links

Categories: British Field Marshals | British Indian Army officers | British Victoria Cross recipients | Members of the Order of Merit | Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom | British Freemasons | Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire | Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India | Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath | Knights of Justice of St John | Knights of St Patrick | Knights of the Garter | Deaths by pneumonia | 1832 births | 1914 deaths | Anglo-Irish people Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... The National Portrait Gallery is an art gallery in St Martins Place, London, England, which opened to the public in 1856. ... Sir Donald Martin Stewart (1824-1900), British field marshal, son of Robert Stewart of Forres, Elginshire, was born at Mount Pleasant, near Forres, on the 1st of March 1824. ... The list was taken from only one source [1]. Some checking had been done but the dates and the links to names need further work. ... Photo submitted by Marion Hebblethwaite George Stuart White (VC, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... Field Marshal Lord Wolseley The Right Honourable Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley (4 June 1833â€“25 March 1913) was a British Field Marshal. ... The office of Commander-in-Chief, Ireland was the commander of British forces in Ireland before 1922. ... Prince Arthur as a lieutenant in The Prince Consorts Own Rifle Brigade. ... Field Marshal Lord Wolseley The Right Honourable Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley (4 June 1833â€“25 March 1913) was a British Field Marshal. ... The Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, or just the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), was the professional head of the British Army from 1672 until 1904, when the office was replaced by the Chief of the General Staff, soon to become Chief of the Imperial General Staff. ... The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801. ... The title of Earl Roberts, was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1901 for Lord Roberts of Kandahar, the great British military hero. ... The title of Earl Roberts, was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1901 for Lord Roberts of Kandahar, the great British military hero. ... Photo by Terry Macdonald _ Oct 1996 Collingwood Dickson (VC, GCB) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... The Master Gunner (of), St. ...

Contents

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