Election of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland at Wola, outside Warsaw ( 1669).

Free election (Polish: wolna elekcja) was the election of individual kings, rather than of dynasties, to the Polish throne between 1572 and 1791, when "free election" was abolished by the May 3rd Constitution (1791). Election of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki on Wola fields in 1669. ... Election of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki on Wola fields in 1669. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Sowiński defending Wola during the November Uprising German forces during their failed assault on Wola, suburb of Warsaw, on September 9, 1939 Wola is a district of western Warsaw, Poland, formerly the village of Wielka Wola, that was incorporated into Warsaw in 1916. ... Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... // Events Samuel Pepys stopped writing his diary. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... The word king has many meanings: For the head of state, see Monarch. ... A dynasty is a family or extended family which retains political power across generations, or more generally, any organization which extends dominance in its field even as its particular members change. ... Events January 16 - The Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... May 3rd Constitution (painting by Jan Matejko, 1891). ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Actually the first documented election of a Polish king had occurred in 1386, with the selection of Wladyslaw Jagiello, grand duke of Lithuania, to be the first king of Poland's second dynasty. However, while the principle of election continued in effect throughout the nearly two centuries of the Jagiellon dynasty, it actually amounted to mere confirmation of the incoming dynast. Events Battle of Sempach: Swiss safeguard independence from Hapsburg rule End of reign of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. ... Wladislaus II on Jan Matejkos painting Wladislaus II Jagiello (Polish Władysław II Jagiełło, Lithuanian Jogaila, and in Belarusian as Jahajla (Ягайла)) (c. ... The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... A dynasty is a family or extended family which retains political power across generations, or more generally, any organization which extends dominance in its field even as its particular members change. ...

In 1572 Poland's Jagiellon dynasty became extinct upon the death, without a successor, of King Zygmunt II August. During the ensuing interregnum, anxiety for the safety of the Commonwealth eventually led to agreements among the political classes that, pending election of a new king, supreme authority would be exercised by the Roman Catholic primate, acting as interrex (from the Latin); that confederations (Polish: konfederacje) of nobility would assume power in the country's respective regions; and that, by the "Warsaw Confederation" of 1573, peace would be maintained among the realm's various religions. The most important decision, however, was that the next king would be chosen by election, whose terms were finally established at a convocation sejm (sejm konwokacyjny) in 1573. On the initiative of southern-Polish nobles, supported by the future Crown (i.e., Polish) great chancellor and hetman Jan Zamoyski, the election would be by all male szlachta (nobles) who assembled for the purpose. Events January 16 - The Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... A dynasty is a family or extended family which retains political power across generations, or more generally, any organization which extends dominance in its field even as its particular members change. ... Reign From April 1, 1548 until July 6, 1572 Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Zygmunt I Stary Bona Sforza Consorts Elżbieta Habsburzanka Barbara Radziwiłł Katarzyna Austriaczka Barbara Giżycka Children with Barbara Giżycka Barbara Date of Birth August 1, 1520 Place... An interregnum is a period between kings, or between popes of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Families 13, See classification A primate is any member of the biological order Primates (Latin primus first), the group that contains all lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans. ... Interrex or inter-rex (Latin; plural, interreges) was literally a ruler between kings. ... Latin is the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... A confederation is an association of sovereign states, usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution. ... The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the Windows of the Lodge of the Heralds. ... The Warsaw Confederation (January 28, 1573) was an important event in the history of Poland, and is considered as the beginning of religious freedom in Poland The religious tolerance in Poland had much longer tradition and was de facto policy during the reign of the recently deceased king Sigismund II... Events January - articles of Warsaw Confederation signed, sanctioning religious freedom in Poland. ... Convocation sejm (Polish: sejm konwokacyjny) was a special sejm in pre-partition Poland that, upon vacancy of the throne, was summoned to Warsaw by the primate of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, acting as interrex. ... A GRAND GREAT CHANCELLOR (or GREAT CHANCELLOR) is a Chancellor whose title is made loftier, compare Archchancellor. ... Hetman (from Czech: hejtman, German: Hauptmann, Turkish: Ataman) was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1568 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Noble Family Zamoyski Coat of Arms Jelita Parents Stanisław Zamoyski Anna Herburt Consorts Anna Ossolińska Krystyna Radziwiłł Gryzelda Batory Barbara Tarnowska Children with Barbara Tarnowska Tomasz Zamoyski Date of Birth March 19, 1542 Place of Birth Skokówka, Poland Date of Death June 3, 1605 Place of Death Zamość, Poland Jan... Polish Szlachcic. ... The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the Windows of the Lodge of the Heralds. ...

The nobles voted by province (voivodship) in the presence of deputies, who conveyed the votes to the senate: the choice of king was announced by the senate's marshal and solemnized by the primate. A Voivodship ( Romanian: Voievodat, Polish: Województwo, Serbian: Vojvodstvo or Vojvodina) was a feudal state in medieval Romania, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Serbia (see Vojvodina), ruled by a Voivod. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ... For the process of ballot-casting, see Vote. ... A coq is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ... The word king has many meanings: For the head of state, see Monarch. ... Marshal (also spelled Marshall) is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. ...

Royal elections were held at Wielka Wola, outside Warsaw (now that city's western, Wola district). The stormiest elections were those of 1575 and 1587, when matters came to blows among the divided nobles. Following an election, the king-elect was obliged to sign pacta conventa (Latin: "agreed-upon agreements")--laundry lists of campaign promises, seldom fulfilled--with his noble electors. The agreements included "King Henry's Articles" (artykuly henrykowskie), first imposed on Prince Henri de Valois (in Polish, Henryk Walezy) at the outset of his brief reign (upon the death of his brother, French King Charles IX, Henri de Valois fled Poland by night to claim the French throne). Sowiński defending Wola during the November Uprising German forces during their failed assault on Wola, suburb of Warsaw, on September 9, 1939 Wola is a district of western Warsaw, Poland, formerly the village of Wielka Wola, that was incorporated into Warsaw in 1916. ... Events February 13 - Henry III of France is crowned at Reims February 14 - Henry III of France marries Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont August 5 - Henry Sidney is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. ... Events February 8 - Mary, Queen of Scots is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle in England after she is implicated in a plot to murder her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. July 22 - Colony of Roanoke: A group of English settlers arrive on Roanoke Island off of North Carolina to re-establish the... External links From Polish online encyclopedia Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish history ... King Henrys Articles - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... ... Charles IX (June 27, 1550 – May 30, 1574) was born Charles-Maximilien, the son of King Henri II of France and Catherine de Medici. ...

The last of the Jagiellon kings, Zygmunt August, had in 1529 been elected vivente rege (Latin: "during the [previous] king's life"); and about 1660 Queen Ludwika Maria attempted to engineer a similar election. Such elections were meant to enhance the continuity of royal power. The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... The concept of power occurs in multiple areas. ...

Beginning in 1697, Polish royal elections ceased to be truly "free" and took place under duress from foreign armies.

The largest number of participating nobles (40-50,000) attended the first free election, in 1573. The second such election, in 1575, drew only 12,000.

Free elections weakened the kings' authority, occasioned quarrels among the voting provinces (voivodships) over the candidates for the throne, and encouraged foreign dynasties' meddling in Polish internal politics. Abolition of free elections became one of the major reforms instituted by Poland's "Great" or "Four-Year Sejm" (1788-1792) in its Constitution of May 3rd, 1791. Sejm Czteroletni (Four-Year Sejm, also known as Sejm Wielki, the Great Sejm) was a Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth held in Warsaw, inaugurated in 1788. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Prior to the abolition of "free elections," 13 were held in Poland, resulting in the elevation of the following kings:

• Henryk Walezy (French, 1573-1574)
• Stefan Batory (Hungarian, 1576-1586)
• Zygmunt III Waza (Swedish, 1587-1632)
• Wladyslaw IV Waza (1632-1648)
• Jan II Kazimierz (Waza, 1648-1668)
• Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki (1669-1673)
• Jan III Sobieski (1674-1696)
• August II the Strong (Wettin: Saxon, 1697-1706)
• Stanislaw Leszczynski (1704-1709)
• August II the Strong (Wettin: Saxon, 1709-1733)
• Stanislaw Leszczynski (1733-1736)
• August III (Wettin: Saxon, 1733-1763)
• Stanislaw August Poniatowski (1764-1795)

... Events January - articles of Warsaw Confederation signed, sanctioning religious freedom in Poland. ... Events April 14 - Battle of Mookerheyde. ... István) see: István Báthory Reign From December 9, 1575 until December 12, 1586 Elected On December 9, 1575 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On May 1, 1576 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Noble Family Bathory Parents Stephen Bathory Catherine Telegdi Consorts Anna Jagiellonka Children none Date... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ... Events November 19 - Henry Barrow, English Puritan and Separatist is imprisoned. ... Reign in Poland From September 18, 1587 until April 19, 1632 Reign in Sweden From November 17, 1592 until July 24, 1599 Elected in Poland On September 18, 1587 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation in Poland On December 27, 1587 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Coronation... Events February 8 - Mary, Queen of Scots is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle in England after she is implicated in a plot to murder her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. July 22 - Colony of Roanoke: A group of English settlers arrive on Roanoke Island off of North Carolina to re-establish the... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of Lützen... ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of Lützen... // Events Peace treaty signed at Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. ... Reign From November, 1648 until September 16, 1668 Elected In November 1648 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 19, 1649 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Ludwika Maria Children with Ludwika Maria Maria Anna Teresa... // Events Peace treaty signed at Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. ... Events January - The Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... // Events Samuel Pepys stopped writing his diary. ... Events The English Test Act was passed. ... Reign From May 21, 1674, until June 17, 1696 Elected On May 21, 1674 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Sobieski Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Consorts Marie Casimire Louise Children... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... Reign From 1697, until 1706 and from 1709, until February 1, 1733 Elected In 1697 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents John George III Wettin Anne Sophie Consorts  ? Children August III Sas Maurice de... Events September 20 - The Treaty of Ryswick December 2 – St Pauls Cathedral opened in London Peter the Great travels in Europe officially incognito as artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov Use of palanquins increases in Europe Christopher Polhem starts Swedens first technical school. ... Events May 23 - Battle of Ramillies November 5 - The Dublin Gazette publishes its first edition. ... Reign From 1704 until 1709 and from 1733 until 1736 Elected In 1704 and 1733 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On October 4, 1705 in the St. ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... Events January 12 - Two-month freezing period begins in France - The coast of the Atlantic and Seine River freeze, crops fail and at least 24. ... Reign From 1697, until 1706 and from 1709, until February 1, 1733 Elected In 1697 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents John George III Wettin Anne Sophie Consorts  ? Children August III Sas Maurice de... Events January 12 - Two-month freezing period begins in France - The coast of the Atlantic and Seine River freeze, crops fail and at least 24. ... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... Reign From 1704 until 1709 and from 1733 until 1736 Elected In 1704 and 1733 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On October 4, 1705 in the St. ... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... Events January 26 - Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. ... Reign From 1734 until October 5, 1763 Elected In 1734 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 17, 1734 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents August II Mocny ? Consorts Marie Josepha Children Frederick Christian Date of Birth October 7, 1696 Place of... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For other persons named Stanisław Poniatowski, see Stanisław Poniatowski. ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

See also:

• Konfederacja
• Sejm
• King Henry's Articles
• pacta conventa
• May Constitution of Poland (adopted May 3rd, 1791)
• vivente rege