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Encyclopedia > Free market anarchism
It has been suggested that Anarcho-capitalism be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)
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Anarchism Image File history File links Mergefrom. ... Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation). ... Theory and practice Issues History Culture Economics By region Lists Related Anarchism Portal Philosophy Portal Politics Portal        Anarchism (from Greek ἀν (without) + ἄρχειν (to rule) + ισμός (from stem -ιζειν), without archons, without rulers)[1] is a political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory government[2][3][4][5...

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Free market anarchism or market anarchism[1] (sometimes used synonymously with anarcho-capitalism) refers to an individualist anarchist philosophy that harmonizes the abolition of the state with a market economy by proposing to replace the monopoly of force held by government with a competitive market of private institutions offering police protection, justice, and other defense services[2] - "the private allocation of force, without central control."[3] Providers of force would be paid for voluntarily by those who wish to receive the services rather than individuals being taxed without their consent and assigned a particular provider without their consent. The belief, among market anarchists, is that this competition this will tend to produce cheaper and higher quality legal and police services including "a high-quality good of impartial, efficient umpiring of conflicting rights claims."[4] In politics, individualist anarchism is a variety of anarchism that emphasises the importance of the individual. ... For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation). ... A market economy (also called a free market economy or a free enterprise economy) is an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods and services take place through the mechanism of free markets (though completley useless to some dumbasses) guided by a free price system. ...


Notable proponents of free-market anarchism include Murray Rothbard[5], David D. Friedman[6], and Benjamin Tucker[7]. Market anarchism has been traced as far back as the 1840's, as conceived by individuals such as Julius Faucher and Gustave de Molinari.[8] [9] Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an influential American economist, historian and natural law theorist belonging to the Austrian School of Economics who helped define modern libertarianism. ... David D. Friedman (b. ... Benjamin Ricketson Tucker Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was the leading proponent of American individualist anarchism in the 19th century. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Gustave de Molinari Gustave de Molinari (March 3, 1819 - January 28, 1912) was a Belgian-born economist associated with French laissez-faire liberal economists such as Frédéric Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille. ...

Gustave de Molinari

One of the first individuals to discuss to propose the possibility of privatizing protection of individual liberty and property, i.e. market anarchism, was France's Jakob Mauvillon in the 18th century. Later, in the 1840s, Julius Faucher and Gustave de Molinari advocated the same. Molinari, in his essay The Production of Security, argued, "No government should have the right to prevent another government from going into competition with it, or to require consumers of security to come exclusively to it for this commodity."[8] Molinari argued that the monopoly on security causes high prices and low quality. He says in Les Soirées: "The monopoly of government is no better than any other. One does not govern well and, especially not cheaply, when one has no competition to fear, when the ruled are deprived of the right of freely choosing their rulers...The production of security inevitably becomes costly and bad when it is organized as a monopoly."[10] The brunt of Molinari's argument for market anarchism is based in economics rather than on moral opposition to the state.[11] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Gustave de Molinari Gustave de Molinari (March 3, 1819 - January 28, 1912) was a Belgian-born economist associated with French laissez-faire liberal economists such as Frédéric Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille. ... Jakob Mauvillon (1743-03-08 in Leipzig – 1794-01-11 in Braunschweig), son of Eleazar Mauvillon, was an 18th century figure in German liberalism. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Gustave de Molinari Gustave de Molinari (March 3, 1819 - January 28, 1912) was a Belgian-born economist associated with French laissez-faire liberal economists such as Frédéric Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille. ...

Benjamin Tucker
Benjamin Tucker

In the 19th century, Benjamin Tucker in the United States also theorized market anarchism: "defense is a service like any other service; that it is labor both useful and desired, and therefore an economic commodity subject to the law of supply and demand; that in a free market this commodity would be furnished at the cost of production; that, competition prevailing, patronage would go to those who furnished the best article at the lowest price; that the production and sale of this commodity are now monopolized by the State; and that the State, like almost all monopolists, charges exorbitant prices."[12] He noted that the anarchism he proposed would include prisons and military.[13] Later, in the mid 20th century, market anarchism was revived by Murray Rothbard. David D. Friedman proposes a form of market anarchism where in addition to security being provided by the market, the law itself is produced by the market."[14] Benjamin Ricketson Tucker File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Benjamin Ricketson Tucker File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Benjamin Ricketson Tucker Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was the leading proponent of American individualist anarchism in the 19th century. ... Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an influential American economist, historian and natural law theorist belonging to the Austrian School of Economics who helped define modern libertarianism. ... David D. Friedman (b. ...

Murray Rothbard
Murray Rothbard

Market anarchists believe that the state becomes corrupt, hence creates a social structure of privileges, handed out and enforced by government in a system they call corporatism. Image File history File links Murray_Rothbard. ... Image File history File links Murray_Rothbard. ... Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an influential American economist, historian and natural law theorist belonging to the Austrian School of Economics who helped define modern libertarianism. ... Historically, corporatism or corporativism (Italian: corporativismo) refers to a political or economic system in which power is given to civic assemblies that represent economic, industrial, agrarian, social, cultural, and professional groups. ...


Samuel Edward Konkin III, who calls his philosophy "agorism," wishes to eliminate the state practicing tax resistance and by the use illegal black market strategies called counter-economics until the security functions of the state can be replaced by free-market competitors. Rothbard's "anarcho-capitalism" says that any non-immoral tactic available to bring about liberty should be used.[15] Agorists use to oppose intelectual property because they consider it a market restriction.[16] Samuel Edward Konkin III (aka SEK3) was the author of The New Libertarian Manifesto and a proponent of the political philosophy which he called agorism. ... Theory and practice Issues History Culture By region Lists Related Anarchism Portal Politics Portal ·        Agorism is an anarchist political philosophy founded by Samuel Edward Konkin III and characterized by proponents as left-libertarian. ... A tax resister resists or refuses payment of a tax because of opposition to the institution collecting the tax, or to some of that institution’s policies. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into underground economy. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ...


Murray Rothbard and other natural rights theorists hold strongly to the central libertarian non-aggression axiom, while other market anarchists such as David D. Friedman utilize utilitarianism.[17] Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an influential American economist, historian and natural law theorist belonging to the Austrian School of Economics who helped define modern libertarianism. ... For other uses, see Universalism (disambiguation). ... This article is about the political philosophy based on private property rights. ... The non-aggression principle (Also: non-aggression axiom) is defined as a prohibition against the initiation of force, or the threat of force, against persons or property. ... David D. Friedman (b. ... This article discusses utilitarian ethical theory. ...


Rothbardian free-market anarchists and John Locke believes that property may only originate by being the product of labor, and may then only legitimately change hands by trade or gift. For other persons named John Locke, see John Locke (disambiguation). ...


Some market anarchists, such as Benjamin Tucker, believe that it was in opposition to natural law to protect land while it was not being used or occupied. There would be no market in land that is not in use. Tucker later abandoned natural rights theory and said that land ownership is legitimately transferred through force unless specified otherwise by contracts: "Man's only right to land is his might over it. If his neighbor is mightier than he and takes the land from him, then the land is his neighbor's, until the latter is dispossessed by one mightier still."[18] He did say, though, he expected that individuals would come to the realization that the "occupancy and use" was a "generally trustworthy guiding principle of action," and that individuals would likely would contract to an occupancy and use policy.[19]

Contents

Ideological variance

See also: Issues in anarchism

Beyond their agreeing that security should be privately provided by market-based entities, proponents of market anarchism differ in other details and aspects of their philosophies. It has been suggested that Major conflicts within anarchist thought be merged into this article or section. ...


Market anarchists believe that the state becomes corrupt, hence creates a social structure of privileges, handed out and enforced by government in a system they call corporatism. Historically, corporatism or corporativism (Italian: corporativismo) refers to a political or economic system in which power is given to civic assemblies that represent economic, industrial, agrarian, social, cultural, and professional groups. ...


Murray Rothbard and other natural rights theorists hold strongly to the central libertarian non-aggression axiom, while other market anarchists such as David D. Friedman utilize utilitarianism.[20] Following Max Stirner, some found their political philosophy on egoistic justifications. Some market anarchists in the nineteenth century, such as Benjamin Tucker, subscribed to a labor theory of value which lead them to embrace a surplus value exploitation theory. Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an influential American economist, historian and natural law theorist belonging to the Austrian School of Economics who helped define modern libertarianism. ... For other uses, see Universalism (disambiguation). ... This article is about the political philosophy based on private property rights. ... The non-aggression principle (Also: non-aggression axiom) is defined as a prohibition against the initiation of force, or the threat of force, against persons or property. ... David D. Friedman (b. ... This article discusses utilitarian ethical theory. ... Johann Kaspar Schmidt (October 25, 1806 – June 26, 1856), better known as Max Stirner (the nom de plume he adopted from a schoolyard nickname he had acquired as a child because of his high brow Stirn), was a German philosopher, who ranks as one of the literary grandfathers of nihilism... Egoism may refer to any of the following: psychological egoism - the doctrine that holds that individuals are always motivated by self-interest ethical egoism - the ethical doctrine that holds that individuals ought to do what is in their self-interest rational egoism - the belief that it is rational to act... The labor theories of value (LTV) are theories in economics according to which the true values of commodities are related to the labor needed to produce them. ... Surplus value, according to Marxism, is unpaid labour that is extracted from the worker by the capitalist, and serves as the basis for capitalist accumulation. ...


Views on land

In regard to land, market anarchists' views of ownership are property and possession. These views derive from similar concerns with personal economic autonomy (or self-ownership), and involve similar standards for the initial acquisition (or homesteading) of unowned land or the initial creation of other goods. These views involve different standards for the abandonment of land (and return of land to the commons or to an unowned condition).[21]


Rothbardian

The first, developed by the classical liberal John Locke, argues that, as people mix their own labor with unowned resources, they make those resources their property. People can acquire new property by labor on unowned resources or trade for created goods. Liberalism is a political current embracing several historical and present-day ideologies that claim defense of individual liberty as the purpose of government. ... For other persons named John Locke, see John Locke (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...


Rothbardian free-market anarchists believe that property may only originate by being the product of labor, and may then only legitimately change hands by trade or gift.


Mutualist

The second, developed by the socialist mutualist Pierre Proudhon does not grant that this creates property in land, but holds that when people customarily use given land (and in some versions goods), other people should respect that use or possession. But, when that use stops, ownership is no longer recognized, unlike with property.[22] Theory and practice Issues History Culture By region Lists Related Anarchism Portal Politics Portal ·        Mutualism is a political and economic theory or system, largely associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, based on a labor theory of value which holds that when labor or its product is sold, it ought to receive... Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (pronounced [] in BrE, [] in French) (January 15, 1809 – January 19, 1865) was the first proclaimed anarchist of the 19th century. ... Look up Possession in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...


References

  1. ^ A Google search was done on March 12, 2008 to test for the term "market anarchism" that doesn't have the the word "free" in front of it like this: ""market anarchism" -"free-market anarchism" -Wikipedia"" which yielded 1530 hits. When a test was done for "free-market anarchism" like this: ""free-market anarchism" -Wikipedia"" the result was 6890 hits. Therefore "free-market anarchism" appears to be the most employed terminology.
  2. ^ Lavoie, Don. Democracy, Markets, and the Legal Order: Notes on the Nature of Politics in a Radically Liberal Society. Published in Liberalism and the Economic Order, by G. Tyler Miller. Cambridge University Press, 1993. p. 115
  3. ^ Sanders, John T. & Narveson, Jan. 1996. For and Against the State: New Philosophical Readings. Towman & Littlefield. p. 197
  4. ^ Gaus, Gerald F. & Kukathas, Chandran (eds.). Handbook of Political Theory. 2004. Sage Publications. p. 119
  5. ^ "This volume honors the foremost contemporary exponent of free-market anarchism. One contributor aptly describes Murray Rothbard as 'the most ideologically committed zero-State academic economists on earth'." Review by Lawrence H. White of Man, Economy, and liberty: Essays in honor of Murray N. Rothbard, published in Journal of Economic Literature, Vol XXVIII, June 1990, page 664; "[Rothbard's book, For a New Liberty,] synthesizes an advocacy of Lockean rights to life, liberty, property, and defense, an appeal to the free market as the most efficient and decentralized "social" device for the allocation of resources, and a sociological and historical analysis of the State as being inherently aggressive and exploitive. The product of this synthesis is Rothbard's free market anarchism." Review by Eric Mack of For a New Liberty by Murray Rothbard, American Political Science Review, Vol 71, p. 332
  6. ^ Paul, Ellen Frankel et al. 1993. Liberalism and the Economic Order. Cambridge University Press. p. 115
  7. ^ Editor's note in "Taxation: Voluntary or Compulsory". Formulations. Free Nation Foundation. Summer 1995 [1]
  8. ^ a b Raico, Ralph (2004) Authentic German Liberalism of the 19th Century Ecole Polytechnique, Centre de Recherce en Epistemologie Appliquee, Unité associée au CNRS
  9. ^ Rothbard, Murray. Preface. The Production of Security. By Gustave Molinari. 1849, 1977. [2]
  10. ^ Molinari, Gustave de. 1849. Les Soirées de la Rue Saint-Lazare
  11. ^ Rothbard, Murray. Preface. The Production of Security. By Gustave Molinari. 1849, 1977. [3]
  12. ^ Tucker, Benjamin. "Instead of a Book" (1893)
  13. ^ Tucker, Benjamin. Liberty October 19, 1891
  14. ^ Friedman, David. The Machinery of Freedom. Second edition. La Salle, Ill, Open Court, pp. 116–117.
  15. ^ Lora, Ronald & Longton, Henry. 1999. The Conservative Press in Twentieth-Century America. Greenwood Press. p. 369
  16. ^ Copywrongs, by Samuel Konkin
  17. ^ Danley, John R. (November 1991). "Polestar refined: Business ethics and political economy". Journal of Business Ethics 10 (12): 915–933. Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/BF00383797. Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 
  18. ^ Benjamin R. Tucker, "Response to 'Rights,' by William Hansen," Liberty, Dec 31, 1892; 9, 18; pg. 1
  19. ^ Benjamin R. Tucker, "The Two Conceptions of Equal Freedom," Liberty, Apr 6, 1895; 10, 24; pg. 4
  20. ^ Danley, John R. (November 1991). "Polestar refined: Business ethics and political economy". Journal of Business Ethics 10 (12): 915–933. Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/BF00383797. Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 
  21. ^ Carson, Kevin, Studies in Mutualist Political Economy, chapter 5.
    Long, Roderick, "Land-Locked: A Critique of Carson on Property Rights," in the Journal of Libertarian Studies, vol. 20, no. 1.
  22. ^ Swartz, Clarence Lee. What is Mutualism? VI. Land and Rent

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Kevin Carson is an author and contemporary self-described mutualist and individualist anarchist. ... Long giving a lecture at the Mises Institute in 2006. ... The Journal of Libertarian Studies is a scholarly journal published quarterly by the Ludwig von Mises Institute and Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. ...

See also

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Free market environmentalism is a theory that argues the free market is the best tool to preserve the health and sustainability of the environment. ...

External links

Roy A. Childs, Jr. ... Ayn Rand (IPA: , February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1905 – March 6, 1982), born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum (Russian: ), was a Russian-born American novelist and philosopher. ...

  Results from FactBites:
 
MARKET ANARCHISM : Encyclopedia Entry (870 words)
Market anarchism (or free-market anarchism) is a label commonly used to describe a number of individualist anarchist philosophies that assert that all the institutions necessary for the function of a free market, such as money, police, and courts, should be provided by the market itself.
The term "free market" is used to denote non-coerced and non-fraudulent exchange of goods and services, which market anarchists believe necessitates the elimination of the state.
Unlike anarcho-communists, market anarchists do not necessarily believe that the inequality of wealth is a bad thing, though some believe that some extreme disparities are harmful to the market and due in part to government intervention in the economy.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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