Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs
Leader	Heinz-Christian Strache
Founded	March 25, 1949 (VdU) April 7, 1956 (FPÖ)
Headquarters	Theobaldgasse 19/4 A-1060 Vienna
Political Ideology	Nationalism, Populism, German Nationalism
International Affiliation	none (Member of the Liberal International 1979–1993)
European Affiliation	none
European Parliament Group	Non-Inscrits
Colours	Blue
Website	http://www.fpoe.at
See also	Politics of Austria Political parties Elections Image File history File links Nazi_Swastika. ... HC Strache Heinz-Christian Strache (born November 12, 1969) is an Austrian politician, member of the Vienna city council and leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). He is considered a populist by many people. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... VDU is an abbreviation for Visual Display Unit. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 Vienna (German: Wien ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution. ... Nationalism is an ethno- political ideology that sustains the concept of a nation- identity for an exclusive group of people. ... Liberal International is a political international for international liberal parties. ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Non-Inscrits (English: Non-Attached; the English name is also official, but the French name is prevalent even in English texts) are Members of the European Parliament who do not sit in one of the political groups. ... The term Blue may refer any of a number of similar colors. ... Politics of Austria takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Chancellor is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ... Elections in Austria gives information on election and election results in Austria. ...

The Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, abbreviated to FPÖ) is a far-right political party in Austria. Its current leader is Heinz-Christian Strache. The FPÖ is generally regarded as a populist party and often classed as a nationalist party. It promises stronger anti-immigration laws, stricter law enforcement and more funds for families. A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... HC Strache Heinz-Christian Strache (born November 12, 1969) is an Austrian politician, member of the Vienna city council and leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). He is considered a populist by many people. ... Populism is a political ideology or rhetorical style that holds that the common person is oppressed by the elite in society, which exists only to serve its own interests, and therefore, the instruments of the State need to be grasped from this self-serving elite and instead used for the... Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In April 2005, former party leader Jörg Haider and other leading party members seceded from the FPÖ to form a new party, the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ). 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Deaths in April • 26: Augusto Roa Bastos • 24: Ezer Weizman • 23: Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen • 23: John Mills • 16: Marla Ruzicka • 9: Andrea Dworkin • 6: Prince Rainier III • 5: Dale Messick • 5: Saul Bellow • 2: Pope John... Jörg Haider in Carinthia (promotional photo) Jörg Haider (born 26 January 1950) is an Austrian politician. ... The Alliance for the Future of Austria (de: Bündnis Zukunft Österreich or BZÖ) is an Austrian political party founded by Jörg Haider, his sister Ursula Haubner, and other leading members of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) on April 4, 2005. ...

Origins and history

The Freedom Party was founded in 1956 and had its roots in the Pan German movement, which included both elements of liberalism and nationalism. It absorbed the political currents of former parties such as the Landbund and the Greater German People's Party of the First Republic. Its immediate predecessor was the Federation of Independents (Verband der Unabhängigen – VdU), which had obtained 12% of the electorate in 1949 but later collapsed after internal strife. 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pan-Germanism, one of the ethnically-charged political movements of the 19th century for unity of the German-speaking peoples of Europe. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution. ... The Landbund (Rural Federation) was an Austrian political party during the period of the First Republic (1918-1934). ... The Greater German Peoples Party (German Großdeutsche Volkspartei) was a political party during the First Republic (1918-1934) of Austria, founded in 1920. ... The Federation of Independents (Verband der Unabhängigen – VdU) was an Austrian political party from 1949 to 1955. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council of 1949 were the first elections after World War II when former Nazis were allowed to vote. ...

Even though many of the FPÖ's leading proponents such as Anton Reinthaller and Friedrich Peter were former Nazis, as a third party it had a broad appeal among voters who felt uncomfortable both with the perceived deference to the Catholic Church of the People's Party and the socialism of the Socialist Party. During the following decades, its adherents included anti-clerical liberals, business representatives striving for more economic liberalism and German nationalists, some of whom were sympathetic to some Nazi policies. Even today, the lower ranks of the party organisation are largely made up of members of German-nationalist Studentenverbindungen. However, this has rarely stopped other parties from cooperating with it, e.g. Bruno Kreisky's minority government (1970–1971) could only survive because the FPÖ agreed to tolerate it. Friedrich Peter (born July 13, 1921 in Attnang-Puchheim, Upper Austria, died September 26, 2005 in Vienna) was an Austrian politician who served as the chairman of the Freedom Party of Austria from 1958 to 1978. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... In any two-party system of politics, a third party is a party other than the two dominant ones. ... The Austrian Peoples Party or Österreichische Volkspartei is an Austrian political party. ... The Social Democratic Party of Austria (de:Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is one of the oldest political parties in Austria. ... Anti-clericalism is a movement that opposes religious interference into public and political life and more generally the encroachment of religion in the citizens lives. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... A Studentenverbindung (the umbrella term that includes the Burschenschaften, Landsmannschaften, Corps, Turnerschaften, Sängerschaften, Catholic Corporations and Ferialverbindungen) is a German student corporation similar to fraternities in the US or Canada. ... Bruno Kreisky Bruno Kreisky (January 22, 1911—July 29, 1990) was a jewish -Austrian politician. ... A minority government or a minority cabinet is a cabinet of a parliamentary system formed when no political party has won a majority of seats in the parliament, typically by the party that does have a plurality. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ...

In 1980, the FPÖ's liberal wing gained control under the leadership of Norbert Steger, who entered into a coalition government with the Social Democrats in 1983. Since results of local elections and polls showed that this threatened the party's existence, discontent with the party leadership grew, which enabled Jörg Haider to take over the party leadership at the Innsbruck convention of 1986 with the help of the party's German-nationalist wing. Social Democratic Chancellor Franz Vranitzky subsequently announced new elections and then entered into a coalition with the People's Party. 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jörg Haider in Carinthia (promotional photo) Jörg Haider (born 26 January 1950) is an Austrian politician. ... Innsbruck is a city in western Austria, and the capital of the federal state of Tyrol. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Franz Vranitzky ~1990, Austrian Chancellor 1986-96. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council talking place in fall of 1986 followed shortly after Jörg Haider had ousted Norbert Steger as the leader of the FPÖ at the party convention in Innsbruck. ...

Jörg Haider

In 1970 Haider became the leader of the FPÖ youth movement, where he was perceived to be a liberal. As a federal deputy in Carinthia he gained some notoriety, and popularity, in attacking linguistic privileges of the Slovenian minority. Haider rose rapidly through the party ranks, becoming party leader in 1986. 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Carinthia (German Kärnten) is an Austrian state or Land, located in the south of Austria. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Freedom Party attracted protest votes and those who desired no association with the other major parties. The party's mixture of populism and anti-establishment themes propagated by its aggressive leader steadily gained support over the years. It attracted about 27% of the vote in the 1999 elections. In Austria, the legislative election of October 3, 1999 (elections for the National Council of Austria) caused a major upheaval in the political landscape. ...

Jörg Haider became Governor of Carinthia in 1989 for the first time, but had to resign in 1991 following a remark in the regional parliament. A speaker in the parliament called Haider's plan of reducing unemployment benefits a "forced work placement remniscent of Nazi policies." Haider replied by saying: "It would not be like the Third Reich, because the Third Reich developed a proper employment policy, which your government in Vienna has not once produced." He would be appointed Deputy Governor of Carinthia the week after he had to resign. He regained the post of Governor in 1999 and has held it since then. Landeshauptmann (literally country captain or state captain) is the German title of the governor of a state of Austria or of the Italian province of Bolzano (South Tyrol). ... Carinthia (German Kärnten) is an Austrian state or Land, located in the south of Austria. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

In 1993, the remaining liberals within the FPÖ, including four members of the National Council (lower house of the parliament), seceded from the party to found the Liberal Forum. This party managed to remain in parliament until 1999. Following the split with the liberal wing, the FPÖ left the Liberal International in 1993. The Liberal Forum party took over that membership in its place. 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... The National Council or Nationalrat is one of the two houses of the Federal Assembly, the bicameral federal parliament of the Federal Republic of Austria. ... The Liberal Forum (de: Liberales Forum, or LiF) is a small liberal party in Austria. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Liberal International is a political international for international liberal parties. ...

The coalition government

In the 1999 parliamentary election, the FPÖ received 27% of the votes, more than in any election before; by a small margin (about 400 votes, with 4.6 million Austrians voting) they even beat the ÖVP (the conservative "People's Party"), which had until then always taken first or second place in national elections. In Austria, the legislative election of October 3, 1999 (elections for the National Council of Austria) caused a major upheaval in the political landscape. ... The Austrian Peoples Party or Österreichische Volkspartei is an Austrian political party. ...

In early 2000, the FPÖ joined a coalition government with Wolfgang Schüssel's ÖVP. The Freedom Party had to take a junior part in the coalition, as otherwise the ÖVP would have continued their coalition with the SPÖ. There was a great degree of outrage both within the country and internationally. The heads of government of the other 14 EU members decided to cease cooperation with the Austrian government, as it was felt in many countries that the cordon sanitaire against coalitions with parties considered as right-wing extremists, which had mostly held in Western Europe since 1945, had been breached. For example, for several months, other national leaders refused to shake hands and socialize with members of the Schüssel government. This was described as "sanctions" by representatives of the ÖVP and FPÖ, and supporters of the government often blamed social democrats and President Thomas Klestil for them, and questioned their loyalty to the country. The EU leaders soon saw that their measures were counterproductive, and returned to normality during the summer of 2000, even though the coalition remained unchanged. This article is about the year 2000. ... Wolfgang Schüssel Wolfgang Schüssel (born on June 7, 1945 in Vienna, Austria) is a Christian Democratic Austrian politician. ... The Austrian Peoples Party or Österreichische Volkspartei is an Austrian political party. ... The Social Democratic Party of Austria (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ) is a political party in Austria. ... Cordon sanitaire derives from the French for quarantine line, and is usually a barrier that is implemented to stop a disease or something undesirable from spreading and gaining momentum. ... Wolfgang Schüssel Wolfgang Schüssel (born on June 7, 1945 in Vienna, Austria) is a Christian Democratic Austrian politician. ... Thomas Klestil (4 November 1932 – 6 July 2004) was an Austrian diplomat and politician. ...

In February 2000, Haider stepped down from the leadership of the Freedom Party. This was widely seen as a cynical move to appease foreign criticism, as he was alleged to control the party from behind the scenes. He retained the governorship of Carinthia. This article is about the year 2000. ...

Even though the FPÖ members of the government and the party leadership at that time consisted largely of politicians such as Susanne Riess-Passer and Karl-Heinz Grasser, whose career had so far depended entirely on Haider's populism, Haider himself appeared to be increasingly discontent with the situation, as his party began to lose in regional and local elections, since it was no longer in the position to gain votes by criticizing the government. This caused a dispute within the party, which escalated at a special party convention at Knittelfeld that caused three leading members of the government to resign (so-called Knittelfeld Putsch). Susanne Riess-Passer (born January 3, 1961 in Braunau am Inn) is a former Austrian politician of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). In the first government headed by Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel, which was inaugurated in 2000, she became Vice Chancellor and minister of public services and sports, representing... Karl-Heinz Grasser (born January 2, 1969) is an Austrian politician who currently holds the office of Austrian Minister of Finance. ... Knittelfeld is a City in Styria, Austria. ... Knittelfeld Putsch refers to a conference of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) which took place on 7 September 2002 in the small Austrian town of Knittelfeld, Styria, called due to political differences within the party leadership. ...

In the November 2002, general elections in Austria resulted in a landslide victory (42.27% of the vote) for the People's Party. The Freedom Party, which had been stronger than the People's Party in 1999 , was reduced to 10.16% of the vote, less than half its previous share. Nevertheless, the coalition government of the People's Party and Freedom Party (now with 79+18=97 seats in Austria's 183-seat parliament, down from 52+52=104 in 1999) was renewed in February 2003. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... The election for the National Council of 24 November 2002 took place prematurely, only three years after the last elections. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In September 2003, regional elections, notably in Upper Austria, also brought heavy losses, with the Austrian Green Party for the first time receiving more votes than the Freedom Party. The elections to the European Parliament in June 2004 reduced the Freedom Party's share of the vote to a mere 6%. Similar results were achieved at several state and local elections. Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ... The Austrian Green Party (de: Die Grünen - Die Grüne Alternative, or Die Grünen) is a political party in the Austrian parliament. ... Elections to the European Parliament were held from June 10, 2004 to June 13, 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according to local custom. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The FPÖ seemed to have largely lost its appeal to voters, except in Carinthia, where it gained 42.5% in the state elections of March 7, 2004. However, that success, most likely resting entirely on Haider's personal charisma, appeared to be rapidly losing its effectiveness in the rest of the country. March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in leap years). ...

Secession of Jörg Haider and the BZÖ

FPÖ election poster with chairman HC Strache, for the 2006 general elections: "HE for YOU"

In early 2005, the FPÖ was increasingly ridden by internal strife between populist and nationalist factions. Its bargaining position within the coalition government has already been considered to be low by many political observers for some time, which has allowed chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel to pursue largely policies favored by his own party. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 600 KB) [edit] Summary [edit] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Freedom Party of Austria Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 600 KB) [edit] Summary [edit] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Freedom Party of Austria Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wolfgang Schüssel Wolfgang Schüssel (born on June 7, 1945 in Vienna, Austria) is a Christian Democratic Austrian politician. ...

On April 4, 2005, several prominent party members (among them former chairman Jörg Haider, his sister and current chairwoman Ursula Haubner, vice chancellor Hubert Gorbach, as well as most of the 18 representatives in parliament) left the party and founded a new party called "Alliance for the future of Austria" (Bündnis Zukunft Österreich" — BZÖ). Regional party organizations seem to be split between the two factions. In Haider's stronghold Carinthia the old FPÖ completely became an organization of the BZÖ. Austria's chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel immediately changed his coalition with the FPÖ into a cooperation with the BZÖ. April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ursula Haubner Ursula Haubner (born December 22, 1945) is an Austrian politician of the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ), formerly of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ). Haubner is married with two daughters and three grandchildren. ... In Austrian politics, the Vice Chancellor (Vizekanzler) is a member of the federal government acting as a deputy to the Federal Chancellor. ... Gorbach (left) and Chancellor Schüssel Hubert Gorbach (born July 27, 1956) is an Austrian politician from the Freedom Party. ... The Alliance for the Future of Austria (de: Bündnis Zukunft Österreich or BZÖ) is an Austrian political party founded by Jörg Haider, his sister Ursula Haubner, and other leading members of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) on April 4, 2005. ... Carinthia (Kärnten in German, Koroška in Slovenian) can refer to: Carinthia - a federal state of Austria Carinthia - an informal province in Slovenia Carinthia - a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire and crownland of Austria_Hungary Karantania - the first Slovenian state This is a disambiguation page — a navigational... Wolfgang Schüssel Wolfgang Schüssel (born on June 7, 1945 in Vienna, Austria) is a Christian Democratic Austrian politician. ...

On April 23, 2005, Heinz-Christian Strache was elected as new chairman of the party, following Hilmar Kabas, who had taken this position temporarily after Ursula Haubner's resignation. April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... HC Strache Heinz-Christian Strache (born November 12, 1969) is an Austrian politician, member of the Vienna city council and leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). He is considered a populist by many people. ... expelled Jörg Haider from the FPÖ. ...

In the first election where FPÖ and BZÖ competed against each other (state of Styria, October 2, 2005), the FPÖ lost all its seats in the regional parliament (Landtag), but still obtained a far larger number of votes (4.6%) than Haider's BZÖ (1.7%). It was reduced to a share of 5.7% in the Burgenland elections one week later, where the BZÖ did not run. Styria redirects here. ... October 2 is the 275th day (276th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 90 days remaining. ... A Landtag (Diet) is a representative assembly, with some legislative authority, of a political entity called Land (i. ...

However, the FPÖ did reasonably well in the Vienna elections on October 23, where Heinz-Christian Strache was the leading candidate and ran a campaign directed strongly against immigration. It took a share of 14.9% (down from more than 20%), while the BZÖ only gained 1.2%. As a result, the BZÖ has been all but eliminated in all states except for Carinthia and the federal level, where it continues to be part of the coalition government. With the exception of Carinthia, Strache now seems poised to reunite the right-wing forces in Austrian politics behind himself. October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Platform

The platform of the Freedom Party is based on five main points [1]:

• No accession of Turkey into the European Union.
• No intrusion of EU policy in Austria.
• No increase in the Austrian contribution to the EU.
• Restrict Austrian citizenship law.
• Stop the misuse of the asylum system.

Election results (1956-2006)

The National Council or Nationalrat is one of the two houses of the Federal Assembly, the bicameral federal parliament of the Federal Republic of Austria. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council of 1956 were the first elections after the conclusion of the Austrian State Treaty. ... In the elections to the Austrian National Council of 1959, the SPÖ leaped ahead of the ÖVP in votes, but trailed behind it by one seat. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council of 1962 resulted in a continuation of the coalition between the ÖVP headed by Alfons Gorbach and the SPÖ headed by Bruno Pittermann. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council of 1966 resulted in a victory for the Austrian Peoples Party (ÖVP) headed by Josef Klaus. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council of 1970 were the first where a plurality was won by the SPÖ, now led by Bruno Kreisky. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council of 1971, held only one year after the 1970 elections, were the first after a reform of election law that increased the number of seats in parliament from 165 to 183. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council of 1975 resulted in no changes to the composition of the parliament. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council of 1979 resulted in small gains to the SPÖ led by Chancellor Bruno Kreisky, which held an absolute majority at that time. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council taking place in 1983 were the last campaign where the SPÖ was led by Chancellor Bruno Kreisky, who had been the head of government since 1970. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council taking place in fall of 1986 followed shortly after Jörg Haider had ousted Norbert Steger as the leader of the FPÖ at the party convention in Innsbruck. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council taking place in 1990 mostly resulted in losses to the ÖVP, then the junior partner in a coalition with the SPÖ, and gains to the FPÖ. Categories: | ... The elections to the Austrian National Council talking place in fall of 1994 were the first to follow Austrias agreement to join the EU and the EU referendum taking place in late spring of 1994. ... The elections to the Austrian National Council taking place in fall of 1995 were the first to follow Austrias accession to the EU and followed only a year after the 1994 elections. ... In Austria, the legislative election of October 3, 1999 (elections for the National Council of Austria) caused a major upheaval in the political landscape. ... The election for the National Council of 24 November 2002 took place prematurely, only three years after the last elections. ... The 2006 general election for the National Council in Austria will be held on 1 October 2006. ...

Chairpersons since 1956

The chart below shows a timeline of the FPÖ chairpersons and the Chancellors of Austria. The bar on the left shows the FPÖ's party chairperson (Bundesparteiobleute, abbreviated as "CP"), while the bar on the right side shows the chancellor with the colour of the party affiliation. The last names of the respective chancellors are shown, the Roman numeral stands for the cabinets (Bundesregierung, abbreviated as "Govern."). The Chancellor of Austria (in German: Bundeskanzler) is the head of government in Austria. ...

References

• Wodak, Ruth, Pelinka, Anton (2002). The Haider Phenomenon in Austria. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-7658-0116-7.
• Geden, Oliver (2005). "The Discursive Representation of Masculinity in the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)". Journal of Language and Politics 4 (3): 399-422.
• Luther, Kurt R. (2003). "The Self-Destruction of a Right-Wing Populist Party? The Austrian Parliamentary Election of 2002". West European Politics 26 (2): 136-152. DOI:10.1080/01402380512331341141.
• McGann, Anthony J.; Kitschelt, Herbert (2005). "The Radical Right in The Alps". Party Politics 11 (2): 147-171. DOI:10.1177/1354068805049734.

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier (permalink) given to a World Wide Web file or other Internet document so that if its Internet address changes, users will be redirected to its new address. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier (permalink) given to a World Wide Web file or other Internet document so that if its Internet address changes, users will be redirected to its new address. ...

External links

• FPÖ Homepage (German)
• Freedom Party of Austria Country Studies - Austria