Fregat is a rocket stage developed in the NPO im. S.A.Lavochkina (NPO Lavochkin) in 1990-s. It uses S5.92 liquid propellant rocket engine (UDMH as a fuel, N2O4 as an oxidizer) as the main engine. Dry mass (october 2006) is 924 kg. Fuel mass - up to 5350 kg. Current modification of main engine has specific impulse of 332 s, thrust of 2018 kgs. Reaction control system includes 12 engines, each having 5 kgs thrust, 225 s Isp, using pure hydrazine, with mass up to 42 kg. NPO Lavochkin is a Russian satellite manufacturer. ...
This is the first time that the Fregat has flown on a Soyuz and represents a major milestone on the road towards the launch of ESA's four Cluster II satellites this summer.
Both the small heat shield on the demonstrator and the large shield on the Fregat inflated at an altitude of 50 km and then functioned as parachutes to deliver their cargo safely back to Earth.
The Fregat upper stage has a single-chamber main engine built by Lavotchkin, which can be restarted up to 20 times, and four groups of three 50-N hydrazine thrusters to provide attitude control.
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