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Célestin Freinet (15 October 1896–8 October 1966) was a noted French pedagogue, and educational reformer. October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years). ...
Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ...
October 8 is the 281st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (282nd in leap years). ...
1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ...
Pedagogy, the art or science of being a teacher, generally refers to strategies of instruction, or a style of instruction[1]. The word comes from the Ancient Greek παιδαγωγÎω (paidagÅgeÅ; from παῖς (child) and ἄγω (lead)): literally, to lead the childâ€. In Ancient Greece, παιδαγωγός was (usually) a slave who supervised the education...
Education reform is a plan, program, or movement which attempts to bring about a systematic change in educational theory or practice across a community or society. ...
Early life Freinet was born in Provence as the fifth of eight children. His own schooldays were deeply unpleasant to him, and would affect his teaching methods and desire for reform. In 1915 he was recruited into the French army and was wounded in the lung, an experience that led him to becoming a resolute pacifist. Coat of arms of Provence Provence (Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) is a former Roman province and is now a region of southeastern France, located on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to the Italian border. ...
Respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ...
Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. ...
In 1920 he became an elementary schoolteacher in the village of Le Bar-sur-Loup. It was here that Freinet began to develop his teaching methods.
Educational reforms In 1923 Freinet purchased a printing press, originally to assist with his teaching, since his lung injury made it difficult for him to talk for long periods. It was with this press he printed free texts and class newspapers for his students. The children would compose their own works on the press, and would discuss and edit them as a group before presenting them as a team effort. They would regularly leave the classroom to conduct field trips. The newspapers were exchanged with those from other schools. Gradually the group texts replaced conventional school books. The printing press is a mechanical device for printing many copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. ...
A field trip is typically a journey by a group of people performing research on a topic to a place away from their normal environment. ...
Freinet created the teachers' trade union C.E.L. in 1924, from which arose the French teacher movement École modern trend. The goal of the C.E.L was to change public education from the inside with the co-operation of teachers. A Trade Union (Labour union) ... is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. ...
Freinet's teaching methods were at variance with official policy of the National Education Board, and he resigned from it in 1935 to start his own school in Vence. Vence is a small French town and commune set in the hills of the Alpes Maritimes département, between Nice and Antibes. ...
Concepts of Freinet's pedagogy - Pedagogy of work (pédagogie du travail): pupils were encouraged to learn by making products or providing services.
- Enquiry-based learning (tâtonnement expérimental): group-based trial and error work.
- Cooperative learning (travail coopératif): pupils were to co-operate in the production process.
- Centres of interest (complexe d'intérêt): the children's interests and natural curiosity are starting points for a learning process
- The natural method (méthode naturelle): authentic learning by using real experiences of children.
- Democracy: children learn to take responsibility for their own work and for the whole community by using democratic self government.
Cooperative learning was proposed in response to traditional curriculum-driven education. ...
Legacy Freinet's work lives on in the name of Pédagogie Freinet, or the Modern School Movement, practised in many countries worldwide.
The Institut universitaire de formation des maîtres (teacher training university) of Nice bears the name of Célestin Freinet. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Finland's school system, which was first in math, reading, and science in the international OECD examination PISA, is based on Freinet's teachings.
References
- Louis Legrand (1993). "Célestin Freinet". Prospects: the quarterly review of comparative education XXIII 1/2: 303-418.
- Acker, Victor: Celestin Freinet. Greenwood Press, 2000. ISBN 0313309949
- Freinet, C.: Education through work: A model for child centered learning. Edwin Mellen Press, New York 1993. ISBN 0-7734-9303-4
- Bronkhorst, John (2005). "Célestin Freinet". International Class. Edith Stein/OCT: Hengelo.
See also Popular education is an educational technique designed to raise the consciousness of its participants and allow them to become more aware of how an individuals personal experiences are connected to larger societal problems. ...
External links - Website on the history of Freinet Pedagogy
- Overview of Freinet movements worldwide (in French)
- Database for Literature Freinet-Pedagogy with languagefiles
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