French Canadian
Émile Nelligan • Louis Riel • Maurice Richard
Total population
10,421,365 Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 443 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (475 × 642 pixel, file size: 54 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... // Biography Émile Nelligan (December 24, 1879 - November 18, 1941) was a French language poet from Quebec, Canada. ... For the opera, see Louis Riel (opera). ... Joseph-Henri-Maurice Rocket Richard PC, CC, OQ (August 4, 1921 – May 27, 2000) was a professional ice hockey player who played for the Montreal Canadiens from 1942 to 1960. ...
Regions with significant populations
Canada (especially Quebec), smaller populations in Ontario, New Brunswick and New England.
Language(s)
French, English
Religion(s)
Related ethnic groups
French, Quebecer, Acadians, Cajun, Metis, French-speaking Quebecer, Franco-Ontarian, Franco-Manitoban, French American, Brayon

French Canadians can refer to an ethnic group of French descent, native speakers of French, or a nation which originated in New France (a former French colony along the St. Lawrence River). They constitute the main French-speaking population of Canada. This article is about the Canadian province. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... In Canadian English, a Québécois (IPA: ) is a native or resident of the province of Quebec, Canada, especially a French-speaking one. ... The Acadians (French: Acadiens) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia (located on the northern portion of North Americas east coast). ... Cajuns are an ethnic group mainly living in Louisiana, consisting of the descendants of Acadian exiles and peoples of other ethnicities with whom the Acadians eventually intermarried on the semitropical frontier. ... The Métis (pronounced MAY tee, SAMPA: [meti], in French: [metis] or, [mEtIs]) are an ethnic group of the Canadian prairies and Ontario. ... French-speaking Quebecers (also Franco-Quebecers, or Francophone Quebecers; in French Franco-Québécois, Québécois francophones or Franco) are French-speaking (francophone) residents of the primarily French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec. ... Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... The Franco-Manitobans are a community of French-speaking people living in Manitoba. ... A French American or Franco-American is a citizen of the United States of America of French descent and heritage. ... Les Brayons are a francophone people inhabiting the area in and around Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada. ... The Montreal Canadiens (French: ) are a professional mens hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... Canadian French is an umbrella term for the dialects or varieties of French found in Canada [1] and areas of French Canadian settlement in the United States. ... Kinship and descent is one of the major concepts of cultural anthropology. ... For other uses, see Nation (disambiguation). ... Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760  - Treaty... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... A Francophone is a person who speaks French natively or by adoption (i. ...

During the mid-18th century, settlers born in French Canada colonized other parts of North America, including Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, the Windsor-Detroit region and the Canadian prairies (primarily Southern Manitoba). This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... North American redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (140,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... View from Ouellette Avenue in Windsor across the river to Detroits Guardian and Penobscot Building cityscape. ... Map of the Canadian Prairie provinces, which include boreal forests, taiga, and mountains as well as the prairies (proper). ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English French (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 14 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th) Area  Ranked 8th Total 647,797...

Between the 1840s and the 1930s, some 900,000 French Canadians emigrated to New England; about half returned home. Those who stayed in the United States (including Acadians) eventually became a large portion of the Franco-American community. During the same period of time, numerous French Canadians also moved to Eastern and Northern Ontario. Their descendants constitute the bulk of today's Franco-Ontarian community. This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... The Acadians (French: Acadiens) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia (located in the Canadian Maritime provinces — Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island — and some of the American state of Maine). ... A French American or Franco-American is a citizen of the United States of America of French descent and heritage. ... Eastern Ontario is the region of the Canadian province of Ontario which lies in a wedge-shaped area between the Ottawa and St. ... Northern Ontario is the part of the province of Ontario, Canada, which lies north of Lake Huron, Georgian Bay, the French River and Lake Nipissing. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. ...

Origin of name

The French Canadians get their name from Canada, the most developed and densely populated region of New France. The original use of the term Canada referred to the land area along the St. Lawrence River, divided in three districts (Québec, Trois-Rivières, and Montréal), as well as to the Pays d'en Haut (Upper Countries), a vast and thinly settled territorial dependence north and west of Montreal which covered the whole of the Great Lakes area. Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760  - Treaty... a broat veiew of the St LAwrence River, with a Quebec City on a background The Saint Lawrence River (In French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large south west-to-north east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ...

At the end of the 17th century, the French word Canadien became an ethnonym distinguishing the inhabitants of Canada from those of France. From 1535 to the 1690s, however, it referred to the Amerindians the French had encountered in the St. Lawrence River valley at Stadacona and Hochelaga.^[1] Those Amerindians are today called the St. Lawrence Iroquoians by anthropologists who try to understand the reason for their disappearance. An ethnonym (Gk. ... Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (Gift of God shall make prosper) Area: 547. ... This article is about the village. ... Territory occupied by the St. ...

Population

People who today claim some French Canadian ancestry or heritage number some 7 million in Canada and 2.4 million people in the United States. (An additional 8.4 million Americans claim French ancestry; they are treated as a separate ethnic group by the U.S. Census Bureau.) The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ...

In Canada, 85% of French Canadians reside in Quebec where they constitute the majority of the population in all regions except the far North. Most cities and villages in this province were built and settled by the French or French Canadians during the French colonial rule. This article is about the Canadian province. ...

There are various urban and small centres in Canada outside of Quebec that have long-standing populations of French Canadians, going back to the late 19th century. Eastern and Northern Ontario have large populations of francophones in communities such as Ottawa, Cornwall, Hawkesbury, Sudbury, Welland, Timmins and Windsor. Many also pioneered the Canadian Prairies in the late 18th century, founding the towns of Saint Boniface, Manitoba and in Alberta's Peace Country, including the region of Grande Prairie. Eastern Ontario is the region of the Canadian province of Ontario which lies in a wedge-shaped area between the Ottawa and St. ... Northern Ontario is the part of the province of Ontario, Canada, which lies north of Lake Huron, Georgian Bay, the French River and Lake Nipissing. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... Motto: Pro Patria Location of Cornwall in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, Ontario Coordinates: , Country Province Founded 1784 Government  - Mayor Bob Kilger Population (2006)  - City 45,965 (Ranked 100)  - Metro 58,485   source: Statistics Canada Time zone EST (UTC-5)  - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4) Website: http... Hawkesbury is a town in Eastern Ontario on the Ottawa River, near the Quebec/Ontario border. ... Greater Sudbury (2001 census population 155,219) is a city in Northern Ontario. ... Welland (formally The Corporation of City of Welland; 2001 population 48,402) is a city in the Regional Municipality of Niagara in Ontario, Canada. ... This article is about city in Ontario, Canada. ... Nickname: Motto: The river and the land sustain us. ... Map of the Canadian Prairie provinces, which include boreal forests, taiga, and mountains as well as the prairies (proper). ... St. ... The Peace River Country (or Peace Country) is prairie land around the Peace River. ... Grand Prairie is a city in Texas, U.S.A. Grande Prairie (55°11′N, 118°53′W MST) is the chief city of the province of Albertas northwest section. ...

In the United States, many cities were founded as colonial outposts of New France by French or French Canadian explorers. They include New Orleans, Louisiana; Mobile, Alabama; Coeur d'Alene, Idaho; Belleville, Illinois; Dubuque, Iowa; Detroit, Michigan; Biloxi, Mississippi; St. Louis, Missouri; Creve Coeur, Missouri and Provo, Utah. Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760  - Treaty... NOLA redirects here. ... Nickname: Coordinates: , Country State County Mobile Founded 1702 Incorporated 1814 Government  - Mayor Sam Jones Area  - City 412. ... Coeur dAlene (pronounced ) is the county seat and largest city of Kootenai County, Idaho, United States. ... , Belleville is a city in St. ... Nickname: Location in the State of Iowa Coordinates: , Country State County Dubuque Incorporated 1833 Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Roy D. Buol  - City manager Michael C. Van Milligen Area  - City 71. ... Detroit redirects here. ... Biloxi redirects here. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area  - City  66. ... Creve Coeur, derived from French for broken heart (Crève CÅ“ur), is an affluent suburb in western St. ... Provo is a city in Utah and the county seat of Utah County, located about 35 miles south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front. ...

The majority of the French Canadian population in the United States is found in the New England area. Quebec and Acadian emigrants settled in industrial cities like Fitchburg, Waltham, Lowell, Lawrence, and New Bedford in Massachusetts; Woonsocket in Rhode Island; Manchester and Nashua in New Hampshire; Bristol in Connecticut; throughout the state of Vermont, particularly in Burlington, St. Albans, and Barre; and Biddeford and Lewiston in Maine. Smaller groups of French Canadians settled in the Midwest, notably in the states of Michigan and Minnesota.   Nickname: River City Settled: 1730 â€“ Incorporated: 1764 Zip Code(s): 01420 â€“ Area Code(s): 351 / 978 Official website: http://www. ... One of the early centers of the Industrial Revolution in northern America, Waltham is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Nickname: Motto: Art is the Handmaid of Human Good Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1653 Incorporated 1826 A city 1836 Government  - Type Manager-City council  - Mayor William F. Martin, Jr. ...   Settled: 1655 â€“ Incorporated: 1847 Zip Code(s): 01840 â€“ Area Code(s): 351 / 978 Official website: http://www. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Bristol County Settled 1640 Incorporated 1787 Government  - Type Mayor-council  - Mayor Scott W. Lang (Dem)  - City Council President/Ward 6: Leo R. Pimental. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Woonsocket is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Nickname: Location in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire Coordinates: Country United States State New Hampshire County Hillsborough County Incorporated 1751 Government  - Mayor Frank Guinta (R) Area  - City  34. ... Nickname: Gate City Location in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire Coordinates: Country United States State New Hampshire County Hillsborough Incorporated 1746 Government  - Mayor Bernard A. Streeter Area  - City  31. ... For other uses, see New Hampshire (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Mum City Coordinates: NECTA Hartford Region Central Connecticut Incorporated (town) 1785 Incorporated (city) 1911 Government  - Type Mayor-council  - Mayor William T. Stortz Area  - City 69. ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[2] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[3] Area  Ranked 48th in the US  - Total 5,543[4] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and is the shire town of Chittenden County, Vermont. ... St. ... Barre is the name of a Town and a City in Vermont: Barre (town), Vermont Barre City, Vermont Also known as Scary Barre. ... Biddeford is a city in York County, Maine, United States. ... The city of Lewiston to the right, with the twin-city of Auburn on the left. ... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Largest metro area Minneapolis-St. ...

Language

The varieties of French spoken by Francophone Canadians are called Québécois (Quebec French), Acadian French, and Newfoundland French. The French of Ontario, the Canadian West, and New England all originate from Quebec French and do not constitute distinct varieties from it, unlike Acadian French and Newfoundland French. French Canadians may also speak either Canadian English or American English. A variety of a language is a form that differs from other forms of the language systematically and coherently. ... This article is about the use of the term. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Newfoundland French is a dialect of French that was once spoken by settlers in the French colony of Newfoundland. ... Canadian English (CanE) is the variety of North American English used in Canada. ... For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ...

In Quebec, about six million French Canadians are native French speakers. One million are English-speaking, i.e. Anglophones or English-speaking Quebecers, and others are Allophones (literally "other-speakers", meaning in practice, immigrants who speak another language at home). In the United States, assimilation to the English language was more significant and very few Americans of French Canadian ancestry or heritage speak French today. An anglophone is someone who speaks English natively or by adoption. ... English-speaking Quebecers or Quebeckers (also Anglo-Quebecers, English Quebecers, or Anglophone Quebecers; in French Anglo-Québécois, Québécois Anglophone, or Anglo) refers to the English-speaking (anglophone) minority of the primarily French-speaking (francophone) province of Quebec in Canada. ... In Quebec, an allophone is someone whose first language or language of use is neither English nor French. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Six million of Canada's native French speakers, of all origins, are found in the province of Quebec, where they constitute the majority language group, and another one million are distributed throughout the rest of Canada. Roughly 31% of Canadian citizens are French-speaking and 25% are of French-Canadian descent. Not all French speakers are of French descent, and not all people of French-Canadian heritage are exclusively or primarily French-speaking.

Francophones living in Canadian provinces other than Quebec have enjoyed minority language rights under Canadian law since at least 1969, with the Official Languages Act, and under the Canadian Constitution since 1982, protecting them from provincial governments that have historically been indifferent or downright hostile towards their presence. A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a country. ... Official Languages Act can refer to: the Official Languages Act of Canada or the Official Languages Act of Ireland. ... The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada. ...

Religion

Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Quebec

The pre-revolutionary kingdom of France forbade non-Catholic settlement in New France from 1629 onward and almost all French settlers of Canada were Roman Catholic. In the United States, some French Catholics have converted to Protestantism. Until the 1960s, religion was a central component of French Canadian national identity. The Church parish was the focal point of civic life in French Canadian society, and monastic orders ran French Canadian schools, hospitals and orphanages and were very controlling of every day life in general. During the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, however, the practice of Catholicism dropped drastically. Church attendance in Quebec currently remains low. Rates of religious observance among French Canadians outside Quebec tend to vary by region, and by age. In general, however, those in Quebec are the least observant, while those in the United States of America and other places away from Quebec tend to be the most observant. There are also French Canadians, those are people who have Canadian citizenship and whose mother tongue is French whose families arrived in Canada over the last 75 years and who are not Christian. There are many people from France; Lebanon; Morocco; Tunisia; and other countries whose mother tongue is French and are either Muslim or Jewish. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 82 KB)Basilica Ste Anne de Beaupré, Québec This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 82 KB)Basilica Ste Anne de Beaupré, Québec This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia www. ... Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré is a village in Montmorency County, Quebec, Canada, at the junction of the Sainte Anne river with the St Lawrence, 22 miles north-east of the city of Quebec. ... Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760  - Treaty... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969. ... For the architectural structure, see Church (building). ... The Quiet Revolution (French: Révolution tranquille) was the 1960s period of rapid change in Quebec, Canada. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ...

Identities

Over the course of many centuries, the cultural identity of the people of French Canadian ancestry or heritage has evolved greatly.

Canada

Fête Nationale du Québec (or Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day) parade in Montreal

Since the 1960s, French Canadians in Quebec have generally used Québécois (masculine) or Québécoise (feminine) to express their cultural and national identity, rather than Canadien français. Francophones who self-identify as Québécois and do not have French Canadian ancestry may not identify as "French Canadian" (or Canadien français). Those who do have French or French Canadian ancestry, but who support Quebec sovereignty, often find Canadien français to be archaic or even pejorative. This is a reflection of the strong social, cultural, and political ties that most Quebeckers of French-Canadian origin, who constitute a majority of francophone Quebeckers, maintain within Quebec. It has given Québécois an ambiguous meaning^{[neutrality disputed]} which has often played out in political issues, as all public institutions attached to the Quebec state refer to all Quebec citizens, regardless of their language or their cultural heritage, as Québécois. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x856, 522 KB) Summary Fête nationale du Québec celebrations in Montreal, June 24, 2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x856, 522 KB) Summary Fête nationale du Québec celebrations in Montreal, June 24, 2006. ... Fête Nationale parade, Montreal The Fête nationale du Québec (Quebec National Holiday) is an official holiday of Quebec, Canada. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region Montréal Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... This article is about the use of the term. ... Quebec The Quebec sovereignty movement is a movement calling for the attainment of sovereignty for Quebec, a province of the country of Canada. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the use of the term. ...

Place d'Armes in Montreal, historic heart of French Canada.

The identities of French Canadians outside Quebec have also evolved. Following the example of Quebec, they have begun to rename themselves according to their respective provinces: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 800 pixel, file size: 138 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Place dArmes and Cathedral Notre Dame. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 800 pixel, file size: 138 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Place dArmes and Cathedral Notre Dame. ...

• Franco-Terreneuvians, province of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Franco-Ontarians, province of Ontario
• Franco-Manitobans, province of Manitoba
• Fransaskois, province of Saskatchewan
• Franco-Albertans, province of Alberta
• Franco-Columbians, province of British Columbia
• Franco-Yukonnais, territory of Yukon
• Franco-Tenois, territory of Northwest Territories
• Franco-Nunavois, territory of Nunavut

Unlike the situation in Quebec, French Canadians outside Quebec often identify both as "French Canadian" and with their provincial grouping. Identification with provincial groupings varies from province to province, however — Franco-Ontarians, for example, use their provincial label far more frequently than Franco-Columbians do. A significant minority identify only with the provincial groupings, explicitly rejecting "French Canadian" as an identity label. This article is about the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... The Franco-Manitobans are a community of French-speaking people living in Manitoba. ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English French (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 14 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th) Area  Ranked 8th Total 647,797... Flag of the Fransaskois Fransaskois are francophones or French Canadians living in the Prairie province of Saskatchewan. ... For other uses, see Saskatchewan (disambiguation). ... The Franco-Albertans are an extended community of French Canadians or French-speaking people living in Alberta. ... For other uses, see Alberta (disambiguation). ... Franco-Columbians or Franco-Colombiens are French speaking Canadians living in the Pacific province of British Columbia. ... Motto: Splendor sine occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor Steven Point Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 36 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area  Ranked 5th Total 944... This article is about the Canadian territory. ... The term Franco-Tenois, originating from the French term for the Northwest Territories of Canada (les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) refers to the wide-spread community of Francophones that reside in the Northwest Territories. ... For the former United States territory, see Northwest Territory. ... For the Canadian federal electoral district, see Nunavut (electoral district). ...

United States

Distribution of French Americans in U.S.

The French Canadians who emigrated en masse to the United States between the 1840s and the 1930s came to identify as Franco-American, especially those who were born American and could not identify as Canadians, whatever the meaning given to it. Today there are still large communities of French Canadians in the New England region of the United States, whether in French communities in Maine or in English-speaking communities in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. The wealth of Catholic churches named after St. Louis throughout New England is indicative of the French immigration to the area. Image File history File links French1346. ... Image File history File links French1346. ... By county. ... A French American or Franco-American is a citizen of the United States of America of French descent and heritage. ... A French American or Franco-American is a citizen of the United States of America of French descent and heritage. ... Louis IX (25 April 1215 – 25 August 1270), commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 to his death. ...

Because distinctions between French Canadian, Acadian, and French of France is blurred to native English speakers who have no extensive knowledge of French language jkall people of French ancestry or heritage in the USA only. In L'avenir du français aux États-Unis, Calvin Veltman finds that since Canadian French has been so widely abandoned in the United States, the term "French Canadian" is there understood in ethnic rather than linguistic terms. Calvin Veltman is an American sociologist, demographer and sociolinguist at the Université du Québec à Montréal. ...

History

The fleur-de-lis appears in various French Canadian flags. It is also the symbol of Government of Quebec.

The French were the first Europeans to permanently colonize what is now Quebec, parts of Ontario, Acadia, and select areas of Western Canada, all in Canada (See French colonization of the Americas.) Their colonies of New France (also commonly called Canada) stretched across what today are the Maritime provinces, southern Quebec and Ontario, as well as the entire Mississippi River Valley. Image File history File links Fleur-de-lis-blue. ... Image File history File links Fleur-de-lis-blue. ... Fleurs-de-lys on the flag of Quebec The fleur-de-lis (also spelled fleur-de-lys; plural fleurs-de-lis or -lys) is used in heraldry, where it is particularly associated with the France monarchy (see King of France). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... // North America The French established colonies across the New World in the 17th century. ... Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760  - Treaty... This article is about the Canadian region. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ...

The first permanent European settlement in Canada was at Port Royal in 1605. The territories of New France were Canada, Acadia, and Louisiana. The inhabitants of Canada called themselves the Canadiens, and came mostly from northwestern France.^[2] Many French Canadians are the descendants of the King's Daughters of this era. Port Royal is a small rural community in the western part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. ... Canada was the name of the French colony along the St. ... Flag History  - Established 1604  - English conquest 1713 Acadia (1754) Acadia (in the French language lAcadie) was the name given to a colonial territory in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day New England, stretching as far south as Philadelphia. ... Flag In 1803, the United States concluded the Louisiana Purchase (green area) with France. ... The Kings Daughters (in French: filles du roi, filles du roy) were between 700 and 900 Frenchwomen (accounts vary as to the exact numbers) who immigrated to New France (now part of Canada) between 1663 and 1673 under the monetary sponsorship of Louis XIV, as an attempt to rectify...

The early inhabitants of Acadia, or Acadiens, came mostly but not exclusively from the Southwestern region of France.

During the mid-18th century, French explorers and Canadiens born in French Canada colonized other parts of North America in what are today the states of Louisiana (called Louisianais), Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, Vincennes, Indiana, the Windsor-Detroit region and the Canadian prairies (primarily Southern Manitoba). This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (140,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... This article is about the United States city, Vincennes. ... View from Ouellette Avenue in Windsor across the river to Detroits Guardian and Penobscot Building cityscape. ... Map of the Canadian Prairie provinces, which include boreal forests, taiga, and mountains as well as the prairies (proper). ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English French (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 14 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th) Area  Ranked 8th Total 647,797...

After the 1760 British conquest of New France in the French and Indian War(known as the Seven Years War in Europe), the French-Canadian population remained important in the life of the colonies. Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and... This article is about the 1756–1763 war. ...

The British gained Acadia by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 and in 1755, the beginning of the French and Indian War, deported 75% of the Acadian population to other British colonies and France itself. The French Canadians escaped this fate in part because of the capitulation act that made them British subjects.^{[citation needed]} It took the 1774 Quebec Act for them to regain the French civil law system, and in 1791 French Canadians in Lower Canada were introduced to the British parliamentary system when an elected Legislative Assembly was created. A map depicting the major changes in Western Europes borders as a result of the Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt. ... // The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 14 Geo. ... Map of Lower Canada (green) Lower Canada was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1791-1841). ... The House of Representatives Chamber of the Parliament of Australia in Canberra. ... A Legislative Assembly in some parts of the Commonwealth refers to a legislature, or a chamber of the legislature. ...

The Legislative Assembly having no real power, the political situation degenerated into the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837–1838, after which Lower Canada and Upper Canada were unified. Some of the motivations for the union was to limit French Canadian political power and at the same time transfert a large part of the Upper Canada dept to the dept free Lower Canada. After many decades of British immigration, the Canadiens became a minority in the Province of Canada in the 1850s. Flag used by the Patriotes between 1832 and 1838 The Lower Canada Rebellion is the name given to the armed conflict between the rebels of Lower Canada (now Quebec) and the British colonial power of that province. ... Flag Map of Upper Canada (orange) Capital Newark 1792 - 1797 York(later renamed Toronto in 1834) 1797 - 1841 Language(s) English Religion Anglican Government Constitutional monarchy Sovereign  - 1791-1820 George III  - 1837-1841 Victoria Lieutenant-Governor See list of Lieutenant-Governors Legislature Parliament of Upper Canada  - Upper house Legislative Council... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

French-Canadian contributions were essential in securing responsible government for The Canadas and in undertaking Canadian Confederation. However, over the course of the late 19th and 20th centuries, French Canadians' discontent grew with their place in Canada because of many events (Louis Riel execution and elimination of Manitoba official bilinguism status, the second Boer war and Canada participation, regulation 17 in Ontario against french schools, first & second world war conscription crisis and Québec bashing in most newspapers, random killings by the Canadian army in 1918 in Québec city). (See Quebec, History of Canada and Politics of Canada.) Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy. ... The Canadas were two British colonies, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, part of modern-day Canada. ... We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ... For the opera, see Louis Riel (opera). ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English French (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 14 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th) Area  Ranked 8th Total 647,797... Combatants British Empire Orange Free State South African Republic Commanders Sir Redvers Buller Lord Kitchener Lord Roberts Paul Kruger Louis Botha Koos de la Rey Martinus Steyn Christiaan de Wet Casualties 6,000 - 7,000 (A further ~14,000 from disease) 6,000 - 8,000 (Unknown number from disease) Civilians... {{Canadian City/Disable Field={{{Disable Motto Link}}}}} Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use) Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada Location. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Canada is a country of 32 million inhabitants that occupies the northern portion of the North American continent, and is the worlds second largest country in area. ... The politics of Canada function within a framework of constitutional monarchy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions. ...

Between the 1840s and the 1930s, some 900 000 French Canadians emigrated to the New England region. About half of them returned home. The generations born in the United States would eventually come to see themselves as Franco-Americans. During the same period of time, numerous French Canadians also emigrated and settled in Eastern and Northern Ontario. The descendants of those Quebec immigrants constitute the bulk of today's Franco-Ontarian community. This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Franco-American is a former brand name of the Campbell Soup Company. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. ...

Since 1968, French has been one of Canada's two official languages. It is the sole official language of Quebec and one of the official languages of New Brunswick, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The province of Ontario has no official languages defined in law, although the provincial government provides French language services in many parts of the province under the French Language Services Act. This article is about the Canadian province. ... For the former United States territory, see Northwest Territory. ... For the Canadian federal electoral district, see Nunavut (electoral district). ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... The French Language Services Act is law in the province of Ontario, Canada and is intended to protect the right of French speaking people in the province. ...

The dialects of French spoken in Canada are quite distinct from those of France. See French language in Canada. For dialects of programming languages, see Programming language dialect. ... French is the mother tongue of about 6. ...

Modern usage

In English usage, the terms for provincial subgroups, if used at all, are usually defined solely by province of residence, with all of the terms being strictly interchangeable with French Canadian. Although this remains the more common usage in English, it is considered outdated to many Canadians of French descent, especially in Quebec. Most francophone Canadians who use the provincial labels identify with their province of origin, even if it isn't the province in which they currently reside; for example, a Québécois who moved to Manitoba would not change their own self-identification to Franco-Manitoban.

Increasingly, provincial labels are used to stress the linguistic and cultural as opposed to ethnic and religious nature of French-speaking institutions and organizations. The term "French Canadian" is still used in historical and cultural contexts, or when it is necessary to refer to Canadians of French-Canadian collectively, such as in the name and mandate of a national organizations which serve minority francophone communities across Canada. Francophone Canadians of non-French-Canadian origin such as immigrants from francophone countries are not usually designed by the term "French Canadian"^{[citation needed]}; the more general term "francophones" is used for French-speaking Canadians across all ethnic origins.

Organizations

National

• Fédération culturelle canadienne-française (French Canadian Cultural Federation)
• Association canadienne-française pour l'avancement des sciences (French Canadian Association for the Advancement of Sciences)
• Fédération de la jeunesse canadienne-française (French Canadian Youth Federation)

French-Canadian flags

Quebec Image File history File links Flag_of_Quebec. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé, was adopted by the provincial government of Quebec, Canada, during the government of Maurice Duplessis. ...	Acadia Image File history File links Flag_of_Acadia. ... Flag of Acadia The flag of Acadia was adopted on August 15, 1884, at the Acadian National Convention Miscouche (Prince Edward Island) by the Acadian people of Canada. ...	Franco-Columbian Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Franco-Colombiens. ... Franco-Columbians or Franco-Colombiens are French speaking Canadians living in the Pacific province of British Columbia. ...	Franco-Albertan Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Franco_Albertains. ... The Franco-Albertans are an extended community of French Canadians or French-speaking people living in Alberta. ...
Fransaskois Image File history File links Bandera_dels_Fransaskois. ... Flag of the Fransaskois Fransaskois are francophones or French Canadians living in the Prairie province of Saskatchewan. ...	Franco-Manitoban Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Franco-Manitobains. ... The Franco-Manitobans are a community of French-speaking people living in Manitoba. ...	Franco-Ontarian Image File history File links Franco-Ontarian_flag. ... Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. ...	Franco-Terreneuviens Image File history File links Franco-Terreneuviens. ...
Franco-Yukonnais Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Franco-Yukonnais. ...	Franco-Tenois Image File history File links Flag_of_the_FrancoTenois. ... The term Franco-Tenois, originating from the French term for the Northwest Territories of Canada (les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) refers to the wide-spread community of Francophones that reside in the Northwest Territories. ...	Franco-Nunavois Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

See also

• Quebecer
• Canuck
• Speak White
• French (ethnicity)
• French in the United States
• French American
• Pur laine

In Canadian English, a Québécois (IPA: ) is a native or resident of the province of Quebec, Canada, especially a French-speaking one. ... Canuck is a slang term for Canadian in Canadian English and in American English. ... Speak White was an insult used by Anglos against Francophones in Canada when the Francophone were speaking French in public. ... For a specific analysis of the population of France, see Demographics of France. ... French language spread in the United States. ... A French American or Franco-American is a citizen of the United States of America of French descent and heritage. ... The French term pur laine (also rendered as pure laine), literally meaning pure wool (and often interpreted as true blue or dyed-in-the-wool), is a politically and culturally charged phrase referring to the nationalist myth of a pure French race being the original ancestors of the French-Canadians. ...

Notes

References

• Map displaying the percentage of the US population claiming French Canadian ancestry by county, United States Census Bureau, Census 2000

• Allan, Greer (1997). The People of New France. (Themes in Canadian History Series). University of Toronto Press, 137 pages. ISBN 0-8020-7816-8. 

• Marquis, G. E.; Louis Allen (May, 1923). "The French Canadians in the Province of Quebec". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 107 (Social and Economic Conditions in The Dominion of Canada): 7-12. 

• Brault, Gerard J. (March 15, 1986). The French-Canadian Heritage in New England. University Press of New England, 312 pages. ISBN 0874513596. 

• Doty, C. Stewart (1985). The First Franco-Americans: New England Life Histories from the Federal Writers' Project, 1938-1939. University of Maine at Orono Press. 

• Parker, James Hill (1983). Ethnic Identity: The Case of the French Americans. University Press of America. 

• Louder, Dean R.; Eric Waddell, translated by Franklin Philip (1993). French America: Mobility, Identity, and Minority Experience across the Continent. Louisiana State University Press. 

External links

• (French) Online edition of the Dictionnaire généalogique des familles canadiennes, 1871 genealogy dictionary concerning New France by abbot Cyprien Tanguay
• (French) Online edition of the Dictionnaire des auteurs de langue française en Amérique du Nord, 1989 dictionary of North America's French language authors by Réginald Hamel, John Hare et Paul Wyczynski

Canada Portal

Quebec Portal