The far-right tradition in France founds its origins, as the distinction of left and right in politics itself, to the 1789 French Revolution. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... i heart kate young The French Revolution was a period of major political and social change in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to...

Counter-revolutionaries and Legitimists

The first representants of this tendency were the counter-revolutionaries (Louis de Bonald, Joseph de Maistre, etc.), whose ideology would be politically translated in the Ultra-royalist movement, which imposed the White Terror after the Restauration. The Chambre introuvable dominated by them, and then Villèle's Chambre retrouvée, which voted the 1830 Anti-Sacrilege Act, belong to this ultra group, "more monarchist than the king" (plus royaliste que le roi). After the 1830 July Revolution, they would be represented by the Legitimists. A counter-revolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part. ... Louis Gabriel Ambroise, vicomte de Bonald (October 2, 1754 - November 23, 1840), French philosopher and politician, was born at Le Monna, near Millau in Aveyron. ... Joseph de Maistre (portrait by Karl Vogel von Vogelstein, 1810) Joseph-Marie, Comte de Maistre (April 1, 1753- February 26, 1821) was a French-speaking Savoyard lawyer, diplomat, writer, and philosopher. ... An ideology is an organized collection of ideas. ... The term Ultra-Royalists or simply Ultras refers to a reactionary faction which sat in the French parliament from 1815 to 1830 under the Bourbon Restoration. ... It has been suggested that The White Terror (France) be merged into this article or section. ... Following the ouster of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814, the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. ... La Chambre introuvable is the name given by king Louis XVIII of France to the 1815-1816 Chamber of Deputies dominated by Ultra-royalists who completely refused the inheritance of the French Revolution. ... The Anti-Sacrilege Act (1825–1830) was a French law against blasphemy and sacrilege passed in January 1825 under King Charles X. The law was never applied (except for a minor point) and finally revoked under King Louis-Philippe in the first months of the July monarchy. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Legitimists are those Royalists in France who believe that the King of France and Navarre must be chosen according to the simple application of the Salic Law. ...

Dreyfus Affair and the Action française

The monarchist Action française was created by Charles Maurras in 1898, in the midst of the Dreyfus Affair which shook the Third Republic (1871-1940) and provided one of the political division line of France. Nationalism, which had been before the Dreyfus Affair a left-wing and Republican ideology, turned after that to be a main trait of the right-wing and, moreover, of the far right ^[1]. The Action Française is a French Monarchist movement and periodical founded by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois and whose principal ideologist was Charles Maurras. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Dreyfus affair was a political scandal which divided France during the 1890s and early 1900s. ... The French Third Republic, (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) (1870/75-10 July 1940) was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy Regime. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution. ...

The Action française, first founded as a review, was the matrix of a new type of counter-revolutionary right-wing, and continues to exist today. The Action française was quite influent in the 1930s, in particular through its youth organization, the Camelots du Roy, founded in 1908, and which engaged in many street brawls, etc. The Camelots du Roy included such figures as Catholic writer Georges Bernanos or Jean de Barrau, member of the directing committee of the National Federation, and particular secretary of the duc d'Orléans (1869-1926), the son of the Orleanist count of Paris (1838-1894) and hence Orleanist heir to the throne of France. Georges Bernanos (February 20, 1888 – July 5, 1948) was a French author, and a soldier in World War I. Of Catholic and monarchist leanings, he was a violent adversary to bourgeois thought and to a certain defeatism that led, in his view, to Frances defeat in 1940. ... Louis-Philippe Robert Duc dOrléans (August 24, 1869 - March 28, 1926) was the son of Philippe, Comte de Paris, Orleanist claimant to the throne of France. ... Orleanists comprised a French political faction or party which arose out of the Revolution, and ceased to have a separate existence shortly after the establishment of the Third Republic in 1872. ... Louis-Philippe Albert dOrléans, Comte de Paris Louis-Philippe Albert dOrléans, Comte de Paris (August 24, 1838 – September 8, 1894) was the grandson of Louis Philippe I, King of the French. ...

Nationalist poet Paul Déroulède created in 1882 the anti-semitic Ligue des patriotes (Patriot's League), one of the first far-right league. It advocated 'revanche' (revenge) for the French defeat during the Franco-Prussian War. During the Boulangisme crisis, Déroulède co-opted the ligue to support the general, alienating many Republican members. After Boulanger's exile in 1889 the Ligue was suppressed by the French government. Paul Déroulède (September 2, 1846 - January 30, 1914) was a French author and politician. ... The Ligue des Patriotes was founded by the French nationalist poet Paul Déroulède in 1882. ... Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with south German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III # Otto Von Bismarck Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Strength 400,000[] 1,200,000[] Casualties 150,000 dead or wounded 284,000 captured 350,000 civilian [] 70,000 dead or wounded 200... Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Boulanger (April 29, 1837 - September 30, 1891) was a French general and reactionary politician. ...

Many members of the OAS were part of the monarchist movement. Jean Ousset, Maurras' personal secretary, created the Cité catholique Catholic fundamentalist organization, which would include OAS members and found a branch in Argentina in the 1960s. La Cité Catholique is a Catholic fundamentalist group created in 1946 by Jean Ousset, private secretary of Charles Maurras, who himself had founded the monarchist Action française in 1899. ... A 1950s Low Mass in Bohermeen, Ireland in the presence of a bishop and several priests and with the altar arranged for Eucharistic devotions to follow A traditionalist Catholic is a Roman Catholic who believes that there should be a restoration of the liturgical forms, public and private devotions, and... OAS may stand for: Old Age Security Oracle Application Server Oral Allergy Syndrome Organisation de larmée secrète Organization of American States Office Automation Systems Option Adjusted Spread Oas, Albay is a municipality in the Philippines. ...

6 February 1934

Main article: February 6, 1934 riots

Far right leagues organized these riots which lead to the fall of the Second Cartel des gauches. These leagues were then dissolved on 18 January 1936 by the Popular Front. The February 6, 1934 crisis refers to an anti-parliamentarist demonstration organised in Paris by far-right leagues (antiparliamentarian militias), which finished by a riot on Place de la Concorde, which is located on the right bank of the Seine, in front of the Palais Bourbon, seat of the National... Far right leagues (Ligues dextrême droite) gathered several French far right movements opposed to parliamentarism, which mainly dedicate themselves to military parades, street brawls, demonstrations and riots. ... After the French governments embarrassing failure to collect German reparations even after invading the Ruhr, the Bloc National was replaced by the Cartel des Gauches, a moderate socialistic coalition elected on May 11, 1924. ... The Popular Front was an alliance of left-wing political parties (the Communists, the Socialists and the Radicals), which was in government in France from 1936 to 1938. ...

Vichy

Further information: Vichy France

Motto: Travail, famille, patrie (Work, family, country) unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Republic President of the Council  - 1940 - 1944 Philippe Pétain Legislature National Assembly Historical era World War II  - Battle of France June 16, 1940  - Battle of...

Fourth Republic and the Algerian War

The Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS) was created in Madrid by French military opposed to the independence of Algeria. Many of its members would later join various anti-communist struggles around the world. Some, for example, joined the Cité catholique fundamentalist group and going to Argentina, where they were in contact with the Argentine Armed Forces. Jean Pierre Cherid, former OAS member, took part in the 1976 Montejurra massacre against left-wing Carlists. ^{[2] [3]} He was then part of the Spanish GAL death squad, and participated in the 1978 assassination of Argala, one of the etarra who had killed Franco's Prime minister, Luis Carrero Blanco, in 1973. The Organisation de larmée secrète (OAS; Secret Army Organization) was a short-lived French right-wing terrorist group formed in January 1961 to resist the granting of independence to the French colony of Algeria (Algérie française). ... The Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) was a period of guerrilla strikes, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians on both sides, and riots between the French army and colonists in Algeria and the FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) and other pro-independence Algerians. ... Anti-communism is opposition to communist ideology, organization, or government, on either a theoretical or practical level. ... La Cité Catholique is a Catholic fundamentalist group created in 1946 by Jean Ousset, private secretary of Charles Maurras, who himself had founded the monarchist Action française in 1899. ... The armed forces of Argentina are controlled by the Commander-in-Chief (the President) and a civilian Minister of Defense. ... Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación (Antiterrorist Liberation Groups) were death squads illegally set up by officials within the Spanish government to fight ETA. They were active from 1983 until 1987, under PSOEs cabinets. ... José Miguel Beñaran Ordeñana (born 1949, Arrigorriaga, Vizcaya, Spain – died 21 December 1978, Anglet, France) was a Basque anti-fascist and a key figure in the political evolution of the pro-independence terrorist organization Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA). ... ETA symbol or ETA (Basque for Basque Homeland and Freedom; IPA pronunciation: [) is a paramilitary Basque nationalist organization. ... Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892–20 November or possibly 19 November[1] 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and commonly known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco (pron. ... Luís Carrero Blanco (March 4, 1903 – December 20, 1973) was a Spanish admiral and statesman. ...

Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour was the far-right candidate at the 1965 presidential election. His campaign was organized by Jean-Marie Le Pen. Charles de Gaulle said of Tixier-Vignancourt: "Tixier-Vignancour, that is Vichy, the Collaboration proud of itself, the Militia, the OAS". Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour (born October 12, 1907 in Paris, died September 29, 1989, Paris) was a lawyer and French Nationalist politician. ... Second Round First Round See also President of France France Politics of France Categories: | | ... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National party, and a perennial candidate for the French presidency. ... Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ) (22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970), in France commonly referred to as Général de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ... Collaborationism, as a pejorative term, can describe the treason of cooperating with enemy forces occupying ones country. ... A recruitment poster for the Milice. ...

Fifth Republic

Jean-Marie Le Pen created the National Front in 1972, which included former members of the OAS, such as Jacques Bompard. Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National party, and a perennial candidate for the French presidency. ... The National Front (FN, French: ) is a far-right, nationalist, anti-Establishment[1] political party in France, founded in 1972 by Jean-Marie Le Pen. ... Jacques Bompard (1943, Montpellier) is a French politician, member of Philippe de Villiers Movement for France (MPF) and former member of the far-right National Front (FN). ...

In the 1980s, Alain de Benoist theorized the Nouvelle Droite movement, creating the GRECE. Alain de Benoist (born 11 December 1943) is a French academic, founder of the Nouvelle Droite (English: ) and head of the French think tank GRECE. Benoist is little known outside his native France but his writings have been highly influential on anti-globalist thought, primarily on the political right, with... Nouvelle Droite (English: New Right) is a school of political thought founded largely on the works of Alain de Benoist and GRECE. Although most popular and well known in France, Nouvelle Droite has been very influential in other European right-wing movements. ... The Groupement de recherche et détudes sur la culture européenne (Study and research group reagrding European Culture), also knowns as GRECE (French for Greece) is a far-right think-tank, founded in 1969 by the journalist and writer Alain de Benoist. ...

• Unité Radicale (one of its members, Maxime Brunerie, tried to assassinate President Jacques Chirac)
• Bloc identitaire, an off-shoot of Unité Radicale, dissolved after Brunerie's assassination attempt, which organizes so-called "identity soups" ("soupes identitaires"), that is "popular soups" with pork in order to exclude religious Jews and Muslims from them.

Unité Radicale was a French radical far-right political group. ... Maxime Brunerie is a man who tried to murder French President Jacques Chirac in 14th July 2002, but failed. ... Jacques René Chirac (born November 29, 1932 in Paris) is a French politician and the current President of the French Republic. ... Unité Radicale was a French radical far-right political group. ...

References

Michel Winock (1937) is a French historian, whom studied among others things on anti-Semitism and far right movements. ...

Bibliography

• Winock, Michel (dir.), Histoire de l'extrême droite en France (1993)

Michel Winock (1937) is a French historian, whom studied among others things on anti-Semitism and far right movements. ...

See also

• Breton Social-National Workers' Movement