French Sudan (Fr. Soudan) was a colony in French West Africa that had two separate periods of existence, first from 1890 to 1899, then from 1920 to 1958, when the territory became the independent nation of Mali.
French conquest of the interior was revived with the appointment of Col. Borgnis-Desbordes (1879–83) to a newly established military command.
The French army's march into the Sahara, as part of the bold vision of trans-Saharan conquest, was abruptly halted in 1881 when the Tuareg confederation crushed the mission of Col.
French conquest was conducted by a small group of French officers and soldiers and a large army of African recruits.
French military penetration of the Soudan (the French name for the area) began around 1880.
A French civilian governor of Soudan was appointed in 1893, but resistance to French control did not end until 1898, when the Malinke warrior Samory Toure was defeated after 7 years of war.
On September 22, Soudan proclaimed itself the Republic of Mali and withdrew from the French Community.
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