From the seventeenth century to the early part of the twentieth century, artistic production in France was controled by artistic academies which organized official exhibitions called salons.

Academies and Salons

In France, "Academies" are government sponsored institutions and learned socities which monitor, foster and protect French cultural production. The first and most prestigious of these is the "Académie française", founded in 1634 by Cardinal Richelieu. It is concerned with the French language. The Académie française, or French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... Cardinal Richelieu was the French chief minister from 1624 until his death. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ...

In the fine arts, the Académie de peinture et de sculpture ("Academy of Painting and Sculpture") was founded by Cardinal Mazarin in 1648; the Académie d'architecture ("Academy of Architecture") was founded by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1671; the "Académie de musique" ("Academy of Music") was founded in 1669. In 1816, these three academies were reunitied as the Académie des beaux-arts ("Academy of Fine Arts"), which is (along with the "Académie française") one of the five academies that make up the "Institut de France" ("French Institute"). The Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture), Paris, was founded in 1648, modelled on Italian examples, such as the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. ... Cardinal Jules Mazarin, French diplomat and statesman Jules Mazarin, born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino; but best known as Cardinal Mazarin (July 14, 1602 – March 9, 1661) served as the France from 1642, until his death. ... Jean-Baptiste Colbert Jean-Baptiste Colbert (August 29, 1619 – September 6, 1683) served as the French minister of finance for 22 years under King Louis XIV. He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy... The Académie des beaux-arts (Academy of Fine Arts) is a French learned society. ... The Institut de France (French Institute) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, the most famous of which is probably the Académie française. ...

From the 17th to the 20th century, the "Académie de peinture et sculpture" organized official art exhibitions called Salons. To show at a salon, a young artist needed to be received by the Académie by first submitting an artwork to the jury; only Académie artists could be shown in the salons. Salons were started under Louis XIV and continued from 1667-1704. After a hiatus, the salons started up again in 1725. Under Louis XV, the most prestigious Salon took place in Paris (the Salon de Paris) in the Salon carré of the Louvre, but there were also salons in the cities of Bordeaux, Lille and Toulouse. Salon may refer to: a room in a house used for receiving guests. ... Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638 – September 1, 1715) reigned as King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... Louis XV (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), called the Well-Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1715 to 1774. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Honoré Daumier satirized the bourgeoises scandalized by the Salons Venuses, 1864 The Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris) is the official art exhibit of the Académie des beaux-arts in Paris, France. ... I.M. Peis Louvre Pyramid: the entrance to the galleries lies below the glass pyramid The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre) in Paris, France, is one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. ... For the wine, see Bordeaux Wine City motto: Lilia sola regunt lunam undas castra leonem. ... City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Nord-Pas de Calais Département Nord (59) Mayor Martine Aubry (PS) (since 2001) Area 39. ... The Capitole, the 18th century city hall of Toulouse and best known landmark in the city; in the foreground is the Place du Capitole, a hub of urban life at the very center of the city Toulouse (pronounced in standard French, in local Toulouse accent) (Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced ) is a...

In 1881, the government withdrew official sponsorship from the annual Salon, and a group of artists organised the Société des artistes français to take responsibility for the show. Société des artistes français is the administrative group of the Salon de Paris formed in 1881 when the French government withdrew official sponsorship from the annual Salon. ...

In the 19th century, the salon system frequently incited criticism from artists for the bland or academic quality of the artwork, while radical artists (like Edouard Manet or Gustave Courbet) would not be received or would be greatly censured by the "respectable" public. The salon system thus forced radical and modern artists to seek alternative or unofficial exhibition sites. This is especially true for Impressionists and Fauvism. Édouard Manet (portrait by Nadar) Édouard Manet (January 23, 1832 - April 30, 1883) was a noted French painter. ... Gustave Courbet (portrait by Nadar) Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (June 10, 1819 – December 31, 1877) was a French painter. ... Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists who began publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

The "Académie de peinture et sculpture" is also responsible for the Académie de France in the villa Médicis in Rome (founded in 1666) which allows promising artists to study in Rome. City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1...

See also:

• Salon (gathering) - the expression "salon" is also used to refer to literary gatherings
• Academic art
• Paris Salon - Main page for the official Salon de Paris
• Salon des Refusés - started in 1863
• Salon des Indépendants -started in 1884
• Salon d'Automne - started in 1903

The salon is a 17th century French idea, a gathering of stimulating and attractive people of quality under the roof of an inspiring hostess, partly to amuse one another and partly to refine their taste and increase their knowledge through conversation and readings, consciously following Horaces definition of the... Academic art was an art movement, and a style of painting that was in fashion in Europe from the 17th to the 19th century. ... Honoré Daumier satirized the bourgeoises scandalized by the Salons Venuses, 1864 The Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris) is the official art exhibit of the Académie des beaux-arts in Paris, France. ... The Salon des Refusés (Salon of the Rejected) was an art exhibition in Paris. ... Salon des Indépendants is an exhibition of art held annually since 1884 in Paris, France. ... First Salon dAutomne Catalog In 1903, the first Salon dAutomne (Fall Salon) was organized as a reaction to the conservative policies of the official Paris Salon. ...

Other major art exhibitions in France

France has been the host of a number on important international fairs and exhibitions:

• The Exposition universelle de Paris — a kind of world's fair — was held in Paris in 1889. It was for this fair that the Eiffel Tower was built (1887-1889).

• The Grand Palais and the Petit Palais were built as exhibition halls for the 1900 World's Exhibition.

Paris was also the site of two world exhibitions of decorative arts: The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a Worlds Fair held in Paris, France from May 5, to October 31, 1889. ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Tower at sunrise The Eiffel Tower (French: La Tour dEiffel) is a metal tower built on the Champ de Mars, beside the River Seine, in Paris, France. ...

• The Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes in 1925 launched the style called "Moderne", or "Streamline Moderne" or "Art Deco".
• The subsequent exhibition in 1937 saw, to a certain degre, the last flowering of this style; the Palais de Tokyo was built for this exhibition.

Today, France is host to one of Europe's most pretigious international contemporary art fairs, the FIAC ("Foire internationale d'art contemporain"), and to Paris Photo (an international photography exhibition). Other art fairs and salons include: 1925 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Asheville City Hall. ...

• ArtParis - held in the Carrousel du Louvre. [ArtParis website]
• SAGA ("Salon des Arts Graphiques Actuels") - specialized in lithography, etching and illustration

See also List of world's fairs. I.M. Peis Louvre Pyramid: the entrance to the galleries lies below the glass pyramid The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre) in Paris, France, is one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. ... This is a list of worlds fairs (with notable permanent buildings built). ...