This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The history of the Americas is the collective history of North, Central and South America and the Caribbean. ... [[[[[ == [[Media: --71. ... Map of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with Courlands colonies marked The Duchy of Courland was the smallest nation to colonize the Americas with a short-lived colony in Tobago during the 1654-1659, and again 1660-1689. ... Denmark had a colonial empire from the 18th century until the 20th. ... During the 17th century, Dutch traders established trade posts and plantations throughout the Americas; actual colonization, with Dutch settling in the new lands was not as common as with settlements of other European nations. ... North America The French established colonies across the New World in the 17th century. ... The German colonization of the Americas consisted of a failed attempt to settle Venezuela in the 16th century. ... Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. ... After the discovery of northern Alaska by Ivan Fedorov in 1732, and the Aleutian Islands, southern Alaska, and north-western shores of North America in 1741 during the Russian exploration conducted by Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov, it took fifty years until the founding of the first Russian colony in... Scottish colonization of the Americas consisted of a number of failed or abandoned settlements in North America, a colony at Darien, Panama and a number of wholly or largely Scottish settlements made as part of Great Britain. ... Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in America of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ... The Swedish colonization of the Americas consisted of a 17th century settlement on the Delaware River in Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, and possessions in the Caribbean during the 18th and 19th century. ... The Vikings, or Norsemen, explored and settled areas of the North Atlantic, including the northeast fringes of North America, beginning in the 10th century. ...

North America

The French established colonies across the New World in the 17th century. They were developed to export sugar and furs, among other products. Explorers and settlers from France settled in what is now Canada, the Mississippi Valley and along the Gulf coast, in what is now Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, founding the cities of Quebec, Montreal, Detroit, Michigan, Saint Louis, Missouri, Mobile, Alabama, Biloxi, Mississippi, Baton Rouge, Louisiana and New Orleans, Louisiana.-1... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... State nickname: Camellia State, The Heart of Dixie¹, Yellowhammer State Official languages English Capital Montgomery Largest city Birmingham Governor Bob Riley (R) Senators Richard Shelby (R) Jeff Sessions (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 30th 52,423 mi²/135,775 km² 3. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... State nickname: Pelican State Official languages English and French Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans at last official government census, but probably Baton Rouge since Hurricane Katrina Governor Kathleen Blanco (D) Senators Mary Landrieu (D) David Vitter (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 31st 134,382 km² 16 Population  - Total... Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (Gift of God shall make prosper) Area: 547. ... City motto: Concordia Salus (Latin: Well-being through harmony) Province Quebec Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area  - % water 500. ... The Detroit skyline at night as seen from Canada Nickname: The Motor City, Motown Motto: {{{motto}}} Official website: http://www. ... Saint Louis (pronounced in English, in French), frequently spelled St. ... Motto: Nickname: The Azalea City Location in Alabama Founded Incorporated 1702 1814  County Mobile County Borough {{{borough}}} Parrish {{{parrish}}} Mayor Sam Jones Area  - Total  - Water 412. ... Biloxi and Mississippi coast Biloxi is a city located in Harrison County, Mississippi. ... Capitol Building Baton Rouge is the capital of Louisiana, a state of the United States of America. ... State nickname: Pelican State Official languages English and French Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans at last official government census, but probably Baton Rouge since Hurricane Katrina Governor Kathleen Blanco (D) Senators Mary Landrieu (D) David Vitter (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 31st 134,382 km² 16 Population  - Total... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... State nickname: Pelican State Official languages English and French Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans at last official government census, but probably Baton Rouge since Hurricane Katrina Governor Kathleen Blanco (D) Senators Mary Landrieu (D) David Vitter (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 31st 134,382 km² 16 Population  - Total...

The first French attempt at colonization was Fort Caroline in 1564, made by Huguenots. This colony was destroyed the next year by the Spanish from nearby Saint Augustine. The next attempt came in 1598, on Sable Island, southeast of present-day Nova Scotia. This colony went unsupplied, and the 12 survivors returned to France in 1605. The next, and first successful colony, was Acadia, founded in 1604, with the settlement of Saint Croix Island. Settlement of Acadia later centered on Port Royal, now Annapolis. Fort Caroline was the first permanent French colony in North America, located near present-day Jacksonville, Florida. ... Events March 8 — Naples bans kissing in public under the penalty of death June 22 — Fort Caroline, the first French attempt at colonizing the New World September 10 — The Battle of Kawanakajima Ottoman Turks invade Malta Modern pencil becomes common in England Conquistadors crossed the Pacific Spanish founded a colony... In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name of Huguenots came to apply to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France. ... St. ... Events January 7 - Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia following the death of his brother-in-law, Tsar Feodor I. April 13 - Edict of Nantes - Henry IV of France grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics. ... Sable Island is situated 180 km southeast of Nova Scotia, Canada in the Atlantic Ocean. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages English Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia Myra Freeman Premier John Hamm (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 11 10 Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 12th 55,283 km² 3. ... Events April 13 - Tsar Boris Godunow dies - Feodor II accedes to the throne May 16 - Paul V becomes Pope June 1 - Russian troops in Moscow imprison Feodor II and his mother. ... The national flag of Acadia, adopted in 1884. ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... See also Saint Croix an island in the United States Virgin Islands Saint Croix Island, or Dochet Island as it is called today, is a small uninhabited island in Maine located at 45º 07 42 N latitude, 067º 08 02 W longitude, near the mouth of the Saint Croix River... Annapolis County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. ...

The French were very interested in the fur trade, and purchased fur from and formed alliances with Native American tribes, such as the Huron and Ottawa. They actively engaged in warfare with the traditional enemies of the Hurons and Ottawas, the Iroquois. French Jesuits also attempted to Christianize many native groups through the establishment of missions, such as Sainte-Marie among the Hurons. // Indian trade The fur trade (also called the Indian trade) was a huge part of the early history of contact in North America between European-Americans and American Indians (now often called Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada). ... Brazilian Indian chiefs The scope of this indigenous peoples of the Americas article encompasses the definitions of indigenous peoples and the Americas as established in their respective articles. ... This article is about the First Nations people, the Wyandot, also known as the Huron. ... The Ottawa (also Odawa or Odaawa) are a Native American people. ... The Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee, also known as the League of Peace and Power, Five Nations, or Six Nations) is a group of First Nations/Native Americans. ... The Society of Jesus (Societas Iesu/Jesu (S.J.) in Latin) is a Christian religious order of the Roman Catholic Church in direct service to the Pope. ... St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen Ansgar, the 9th century apostle of the North in an 1830 drawing. ... Sainte-Marie among the Hurons (French: Sainte-Marie-au-pays-des-Hurons) was a 17th century French Jesuit mission in Wendake, the land of the Huron (Wendat) nation, located near modern Midland, Ontario. ...

French Huguenots established self-governing colonies beyond the control of the French state: for example, Huguenot refugees founded New Paltz, New York in the 1660's, part of a large Huguenot migration to the nominally Dutch New Netherlands. These Huguenots, let by Louis Dubois, formed an early self-governing unit called the duzine, made treaties with the local native Americans to purchase land from the Hudson River to the mountains, and otherwise prospered even after the English took control of the Hudson River and New York. (The village today boasts the oldest street in the United States with the original stone houses). In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name of Huguenots came to apply to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, or historically as the French Calvinists. ... New Paltz is both a village and town in the U.S. state of New York. ... Louis Dubois was a Huguenot colonist to New Netherland, who founded, with his son and 10 other refugees known as the duzine, the village of New Paltz. ...

France once held vast possessions in North America, including the Mississippi and St. Lawrence river valleys, and the Great Lakes region. Quebec was founded in 1608, and Montreal in 1642. New France had 2500 settlers by 1666. The colony grew slowly at first because France only took interest in fur trade and not colonising. In 1663, this strategy changed with the arrival of Louis XIV upon the throne of France. He immediatly sent ships containing 775 women( "les filles du roy") for the mostly male populated french canadian demography serving in the fur trade posts. In only ten years, the population tripled to 7,000 inhabitants, reaching 15,000 in 1689, and 85,000 by 1754. This page is about the river in the United States; there is also a Canadian Mississippi River (Ontario). ... The Saint Lawrence River (French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... The Great Lakes from space The Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes on or near the United States-Canadian border. ... New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763. ...

Having explored the Mississippi Valley to its mouth, from the direction of Canada, in the North, in 1682, Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle named the great central belt of territory Louisiane in honour of Louis XIV of France. In 1684, he left France with 4 ships and 300 colonists to establish a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi. The expedition was plagued by pirates, hostile Indians and poor navigation. They set up Fort Saint Louis, near Victoria, Texas. The colony lasted only until 1688, when local Indians massacred the 20 remaining adults, and took 5 children as captives. The colony of Louisiana was ultimately founded in 1699 and its capital, New Orleans, in 1718. France soon came into conflict with Great Britain, whose colonies bordered French colonies in several places. This led to the French and Indian Wars. René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (November 22, 1643 - March 19, 1687) was a French cleric and explorer. ... Louisiana sold in 1803 by Napoléon to USA, which was a portion of the historical extent of French Louisiana Louisiana (French language: La Louisiane) was the name of an administrative district of New France in the 17th and 18th centuries. ... Victoria is a city located in Victoria County, Texas. ... State nickname: Pelican State Official languages English and French Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans at last official government census, but probably Baton Rouge since Hurricane Katrina Governor Kathleen Blanco (D) Senators Mary Landrieu (D) David Vitter (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 31st 134,382 km² 16 Population  - Total... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ... The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts in North America that represented the actions there that accompanied the European dynastic wars. ...

Following the French defeat in the Seven Years' War, the Treaty of Paris of February 10, 1763, divided French territory on the North American continent between the British and the Spanish. The sole exception was the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon off the Canadian coast, retained as a fishing outpost. The Seven Years War, sometimes referred to as the Pomeranian War or the French and Indian War, (1754 and 1756–1763) pitted Great Britain, Prussia, and Hanover against France, Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony. ... The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763 was signed on February 10, 1763, by the Kingdom of Great Britain, France and Spain with Portugal in agreement. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

The French were able to briefly regain some of their former possessions in North America from the Spanish in 1800, during the Napoleonic Era, under the Treaty of San Ildefonse. However, France did not have the navy to resupply its North American holdings – the blockade of the French Empire was a key part of British strategy against Napoleon – and because France did not want its possessions to fall into the hands of the British, Napoleon sold this colonial Louisiana to the United States, a sale referred to as the Louisiana Purchase. The date of this was May 3, 1803 and the fee, 15 million dollars, a considerable sum for the young American state. However, the land was extensive – from New Orleans to Montana – and from British colonial days, French Louisiana had begun to seem a constraint on the potential for expansion beyond the Appalachians. The purchase opened the way for the 19th century settlers. The Napoleonic Era is a period in the History of France. ... The Treaty of San Ildefonso (formally titled the Preliminary and Secret Treaty between the French Republic and His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain, Concerning the Aggrandizement of His Royal Highness the Infant Duke of Parma in Italy and the Retrocession of Louisiana) was a secretly negotiated treaty between France... Napoleon I of France, by Jacques-Louis David Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, and the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from 11 November 1799 to 18 May 1804, then as Emperor of the... From Frank Bond, Louisiana and the Louisiana Purchase. ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Saint-Pierre and Miquelon are France's only remaining possessions north of the Caribbean. Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (French Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon) 46°47′N 56°12′W is a French overseas collectivity consisting of several small islands off the eastern coast of Canada near Newfoundland. ...

The French came to America in the17th century, looking for trading opportunities with the local Native Americans for fur. Some French explorers who came to this ‘New World’ were Father Marquette and Louis Joliet, Jacques Cartier, Giovanni da Verranzano, and Robert LaSalle. One of the first French settlements was around the Florida area, but the Spanish took it over. So the French settled in the north, up by what is now Canada. The French made friends with the Native Americans and traded beads, tools, firearms, brass and iron kettles, and rum for fur. But the main reason the French made friends with the locals was because they were outnumbered. The locals could defeat them very easily, for the French did not plan on fighting so they did not have any weapons. The French came here because they wanted religious freedom. Unlike the Spanish, the French did not come here for power. Maybe wealth, but not power. The French traded for fur because they wanted to sell it all back at France. The French Fur Trade era was during the time period of 1634-1763. Besides expanding the fur trade, the French wanted to find a river passage.

South America

French Guiana was first settled by the French in 1604. It remains an overseas department of France. From 1555 to 1567, French Huguenots, under the leadership of vice-admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, made an attempt to establish the France Antarctique in Brazil, but were expelled. From 1612 to 1615, a new failed attempt was made in São Luís, Brazil. Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... Events The Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands with Spanish forces to suppress unrest there. ... Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, born 1510 in Villegaignon, Seine et Marne, France was a naval officer (vice-admiral of Brittany) who attempted to help the Huguenots in France escape persecution. ... France Antarctique was the name of the failed French colony south of the Equator, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567. ... Events January 20 - Mathias becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events June 2 - First Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France. ... São Luís is the capital of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. ...

The French were also responsible for the settlement of the nation of Haiti, the nation which shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. The western one-third of the island was ceeded to the French, by the Spanish crown in 1697 and the French gained more land in 1795, which established a legitimate French colony in Hispaniola. Although the French were driven out by a slave revolt (the first and only successful coup by Africans in the New World) in 1804, they were given independence in the same year. Early map of Hispaniola The Hispaniola (from Spanish, La Española) is the second-largest island of the Antilles, lying east of Cuba. ...

See also

• French and Indian Wars
• French colonial empire
• New France
• French in the United States

The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts in North America that represented the actions there that accompanied the European dynastic wars. ... -1... New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763. ... The French language is spoken as a minority language of the United States. ...

Reference

• The French Founders of North America and Their Heritage, Sabra Holbrook, Atheneum, New York, 1976, hardback, ISBN 0-689-30490-0