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Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. | In France, before the decimalised metric system of 1799, a well-defined old system existed, however with some local variants. For instance, the lieue could vary from 3.268 km in Beauce to 5.849 km in Provence. Between 1812 and 1839, many of the traditional units continued in metrified adaptations as the mesures usuelles. The International System of Units (symbol: SI) (for the French phrase Syst me International dUnit s) is the most widely used system of units. ...
Beauce is an historical region in northern France, located between the Seine and Loire rivers. ...
Coat of arms of Provence Provence (Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) was a Roman province and now is a region of southeastern France on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Italy. ...
Mesures usuelles (French for customary measurements) were a system of measurement introduced to act as compromise between metric system and traditional measurements. ...
Length
The French law for the definitive metre of 1799 states that one decimal metre is exactly 443.296 French lines, or 3 French feet, 0 French inches and 11.296 French lines. The French royal foot is exactly 9000/27706 metres, or about 0.3248 metres. [1]
In Quebec, the surveys in French units were converted using the relationship 1 pied (of the French variety; the same word is used for English feet as well) = 12.789 English inches. [citation needed] This makes the Quebec pied very slightly smaller (about 4 parts in one million) than the pied used in France. , Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
This page uses the Paris definitions, although the difference is not significant for the level of precision available at the time. In addition, the changing definitions of the metric units since 1799 means that even the precise relationship between French feet and metres may no longer be so accurate.
| Table of length units | | Unit | Relative
value | Metric
value | Imperial
value | Notes | | point | 1/12³ | ~0.188 mm | ~7.401 thou | This unit is usually called the Truchet point in English. | | ligne | 1/12² | ~2.256 mm | ~88.81 thou | This corresponds to the line, a traditional English unit. | | pouce | 1/12 | ~27.07 mm | ~1.066 in | This corresponds to the inch, a traditional English unit. | | pied du roi | 1 | ~32.48 cm | ~1.066 ft | This corresponds to the foot, a traditional English unit. | | toise | 6 | ~1.949 m | ~6.394 ft, or
~2.131 yd | This corresponds to the fathom, a traditional English unit. Unlike the fathom, it was used in both land and sea contexts. | | Paris | | perche d'arpent | 22 | ~7.146 m | ~7.815 yd | | | arpent | 220 | ~71.46 m | ~78.15 yd | | | lieue ancienne | 10,000 | ~3.248 km | ~2.018 miles | This is the old French league, defined as 10,000 (a myriad) feet. It was the official league until 1674. | | lieue de Paris | 12,000 | ~3.898 km | ~2.422 miles | This league was defined in 1674 as exactly 2000 toises. After 1737, it was also called the "league of bridges and roads" (des Ponts et des Chaussées). | | lieue des Postes | 13,200 | ~4.288 km | ~2.664 miles | This league is 2200 toises. It was created in 1737. | | lieue tarifaire | 14,400 | ~4.678 km | ~2.907 miles | This league is 2400 toises. It was created in 1737. | | North America | | perche du roi | 18 | ~5.847 m | ~6.394 yd | This perch was used in Quebec and Louisiana | | arpent | 180 | ~58.47 m | ~63.94 yd | | | Local | | perche ordinaire | 20 | ~6.497 m | ~7.105 yd | This perch was used locally. | | arpent | 200 | ~64.97 m | ~71.05 yd | | - The French typographic point, the Didot point, was 1/72 French inches, i.e. two royal points. The French pica, called Cicéro, measured 12 Didot points.
A point is a unit of measure in typography. ...
A point is a unit of measure in typography. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A Toise (symbol: T) is a unit of measure for both length and area originating in pre-revolutionary France. ...
A fathom is the name of a unit of length in the Imperial system (and the derived U.S. customary units). ...
An arpent is the name give to a unit of length and to a unit of area. ...
, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
A point is a unit of measure in typography. ...
Didot is the name of a family of French printers and publishers. ...
A pica (pronounced PIKE-ah, SAMPA /paIk@/) is a unit of measure traditionally used in document layout. ...
Area | Table of area units | | Unit | Relative
value | Metric
value | Imperial
value | Notes | | pied carré | 1 | ~1055 cm² | ~1.136 sq ft | This is the French square foot. | | toise carrée | 36 | ~3.799 m² | ~40.889 sq ft, or
~4.543 sq yd | This is the French square fathom. | | Paris | | perche d'arpent carrée | 484 | ~51.07 m² | ~61.08 sq yd | This was the main square perch in old French surveying. It is a square 22 feet on each side. | | vergée | 12,100 | ~1277 m² | ~1527 sq yd | This is a square 5 perches on each side. | acre, or
arpent carré | 48,400 | ~5107 m² | ~6108 sq yd, or
~1.262 acres | The French acre is a square 10 perches on each side. | | North America | | perche du roi carrée | 324 | ~34.19 m² | ~40.89 sq yd | This square perch was used in Quebec and Louisiana. It is a square 18 feet on each side. | | vergée | 8,100 | ~854.7 m² | ~1022 sq yd | This is a square 5 perches on each side. | acre, or
arpent carré | 32,400 | ~3419 m² | ~4089 sq yd, or
~0.8448 acres | This acre is a square 10 perches on each side. Certain U.S. states have their own official definitions for the (square) arpent, which vary slightly from this value. | | Local | | perche (ordinaire) carrée | 400 | ~42.21 m² | ~50.48 sq yd | This square perch was used locally. It is a square 20 feet on each side. | | vergée | 10,000 | ~1055 m² | ~1262 sq yd | This is a square 5 perches on each side. | acre, or
arpent carré | 40,000 | ~4221 m² | ~5048 sq yd, or
~1.043 acres | This acre is a square 10 perches on each side. | A vergee or vergée is a measure of area. ...
An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ...
An arpent is the name give to a unit of length and to a unit of area. ...
An arpent is the name give to a unit of length and to a unit of area. ...
Volume
Liquid measures | Table of (liquid) volume units | | Unit | Relative
value | Metric
value | U.S.
value | Imperial
value | Notes | | roquille | 1/32 | ~29.75 ml | | | | | posson | 1/8 | ~119 ml | | | | | demiard | 1/4 | ~238 ml | | | | | chopine | 1/2 | ~476.1 ml | | | | | pinte | 1 | ~952.1 ml | | | Although etymologically related to the English unit pint, the French pint is about twice as large. It was the main small unit in common use, and measured 1/36 of a cubic French foot. | | quade | 2 | ~1.904 L | | | | | velte | 8 | ~7.617 L | | | | | quartaut | 72 | ~68.55 L | | | A quartaut is 9 veltes. | | feuillette | 144 | ~137.1 L | | | | | muid | 288 | ~274.2 L | | | The muid is defined as eight French cubic feet. | | cubic | | pouce cube | 1/48 | ~19.84 ml | | | This is the French cubic inch. | | pied cube | 36 | ~34.28 L | | | This is the French cubic foot. In ancient times, a cubic foot was also known as an amphora when measuring liquid volume. | U.S. customary units, commonly known in the United States as English units or standard units, are units of measurement that are currently used in the U.S., in some cases alongside units from SI (the International System of Units—the modern metric system). ...
The Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of English units, first defined in the Weights and Measures Act of 1824, later refined (until 1959) and reduced. ...
The pint is an English unit of volume or capacity in the imperial system and United States customary units, equivalent in each system to one half of a quart, and one eighth of a gallon. ...
The amphora, or amphora quadrantal was a unit for measuring liquids or bulk goods in the Roman Empire, and for estimating the size of ships and the production of vineyards. ...
Dry measures | Table of (dry) volume units | | Unit | Relative
value | Metric
value | U.S.
value | Imperial
value | Notes | | litron | 1/16 | ~793.5 ml | | | The SI unit litre is etymologically related to this unit. | | quart | 1/4 | ~3.174 L | | | | | boisseau | 1 | ~12.7 L | | | A boisseau was defined as 10/27 of a French cubic foot. | | minot | 3 | ~38.09 L | | | | | mine | 6 | ~76.17 L | | | | | setier | 12 | ~152.3 L | | | | | muid | 144 | ~1828 L | | | | | cubic | | pouce cube | 1/640 | ~19.84 ml | | | This is the French cubic inch. | | pied cube | 2.7 | ~34.28 L | | | This is the French cubic foot. | U.S. customary units, commonly known in the United States as English units or standard units, are units of measurement that are currently used in the U.S., in some cases alongside units from SI (the International System of Units—the modern metric system). ...
The Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of English units, first defined in the Weights and Measures Act of 1824, later refined (until 1959) and reduced. ...
Look up si, Si, SI in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of volume. ...
A minot is an old unit of dry volume, used in France prior to metrication. ...
Mass According to the law of 19 Frimaire An VIII (December 10, 1799), - The kilogramme is equal to 18,827.15 grains. The kilogramme is, in addition, defined as the weight of 1 dm³ of distilled water at 4 degrees centigrade, i.e. at maximum density. [2]
Traditionally, the French pound (livre) was defined as exactly 1/70 of a French cubic foot. When the kilogramme was defined, knowledge that a pied du roi cube filled with water masses exactly 70 French pounds was apparently lost. According to the traditional (cubic foot) definition, one livre would have been about 489.675 grammes. According to the kilogramme definition, one livre was about 489.506 grammes. The difference is about 0.035%. However, a small difference in salinity (i.e. the difference between distilled water and very good quality drinking water) is enough to explain this difference.
The units in the following table are (except for the talent) calculated based on the kilogramme definition of the livre.
| Table of mass units | | Unit | Relative
value | Metric
value | Imperial
value | Notes | | Poids de marc, mid 14th – late 18th century | | prime | 1/24³ once | ~2.213 mg | | | | grain | 1/24² once | ~53.11 mg | ~0.8197 grains | This is the French grain. | | denier | 1/24 once | ~1.275 g | ~19.67 grains | | | gros | 1/8 once | ~3.824 g | ~2.158 dr | | | once | 1/16 | ~30.59 g | ~1.079 oz | This is the French ounce. | | marc | 1/2 | ~244.8 g | ~8.633 oz | | | livre | 1 | ~489.5 g | ~1.079 lb | This is the French pound. | | quintal | 100 | ~48.95 kg | ~107.9 lb | This is the French hundredweight. | | talent | | talent | ~70.02 | ~34.28 kg | ~75.57 lb | This is the mass of one French cubic foot of water; this value is calculated based on the French cubic foot and an assumed water density of 1 g/cm³; other values in this table are based off the kilogramme definition. | | bullion | | felin | 1/1280 | ~382.4 mg | ~5.902 grains | | | maille | 1/640 | ~764.9 mg | ~11.8 grains | | | estelin | 1/320 | ~1.53 g | ~23.61 grains | | A grain is a unit of mass equal to 0. ...
The ounce (abbreviation: oz) is the name of a unit of mass in a number of different systems, including various systems of mass that form part of English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
The pound or pound-mass (abbreviations: lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States, #) is a unit of mass (sometimes called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
Hundred weight or hundredweight is a unit of measurement for mass in both the system of measurement used in the United Kingdom (and previously throughout the British Commonwealth), and in the system used in the United States. ...
See also Weights and measures is a term used by legal authorities in English speaking countries such as the United Kingdom for a function related to units of measurement in trade. ...
A system of measurement is a set of units which can be used to specify anything which can be measured and were historically important, regulated and defined because of trade and internal commerce. ...
Mesures usuelles (French for customary measurements) were a system of measurement introduced to act as compromise between metric system and traditional measurements. ...
Look up si, Si, SI in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Jean-Antoine Claude, comte Chaptal de Chanteloup (June 4, 1756 – July 30, 1832), French chemist and statesman, was born at Nogaret, Lozère. ...
References - ^ http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/celebrations/metre.htm (French)
- ^ http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/metro/aquoisert/metre.htm (French)
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