Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (1793-1864)

Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (Russian: Vasily Yakovlevich Struve) (April 15, 1793 – November 23, 1864 (Julian calendar: November 11)) was a Baltic-German astronomer from a famous dynasty of astronomers. Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve http://www. ... Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve http://www. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 38 days remaining. ... 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, taking force in 45 BC or 709 ab urbe condita. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... The Baltic Germans (German: Baltendeutsche, Balten, and Deutschbalten), were ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea which forms today the countries of Estonia and Latvia. ... An astronomer or astrophysicist is a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics. ...

Life

He was born at Altona, in what is now Germany, the son of Jacob Struve (1755–1841), and was the second of an entire family of astronomers through five generations. He was the great-grandfather of Otto Struve and the father of Otto Wilhelm von Struve. He was also the grandfather of Hermann Struve, who was Otto Struve's uncle. Altona is the westernmost district of the city of Hamburg in Germany. ... Otto Wilhelm von Struve (May 7, 1819 (Julian calendar: April 25), in Dorpat [now Tartu, Estonia ] – April 14, 1905, Karlsruhe, Germany) was a Russian astronomer of German ethnic origin. ... Karl Hermann Struve (October 3, 1854 – August 12, 1920) was a German astronomer born in Russia, part of the famous Struve family of astronomers. ...

In 1808 he entered the University of Tartu in the Russian Empire, where he first studied philology, but soon turned his attention to astronomy. From 1813 to 1820 he taught at the university and observed at Dorpat Observatory in Tartu, and in 1820 became a full professor and director of the observatory. 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The University of Tartu (Estonian: Tartu Ülikool, German: Universität Dorpat) is the national university of Estonia, and the one classical university in Estonia, located in the city of Tartu. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Philology is the study of ancient texts and languages. ... Astrometry: the study of the position of objects in the sky and their changes of position. ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... County Tartu County Mayor Laine Jänes Area 38. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve remained at Tartu, occupied with research on double stars and geodesy until 1839, when he founded and became director of the new Pulkovo Observatory near St Petersburg. Among other honors, he won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1826. He retired in 1861 due to failing health. County Tartu County Mayor Laine Jänes Area 38. ... Double Star is a science fiction novel by Robert A. Heinlein. ... It has been suggested that Geodetic datum be merged into this article or section. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Pulkovo Space Observatory (Пулковская астрономическая обсерватория in Russian), the principal space observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located 19 km south of Saint Petersburg on Pulkovo Heights (75 m above the sea level). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... The Gold Medal is the highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society. ... 1826 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

The asteroid 768 Struveana was named jointly in his honour and that of Otto Wilhelm von Struve and Karl Hermann Struve. An asteroid is a small, solid object in our Solar System, orbiting the Sun. ... Otto Wilhelm von Struve (May 7, 1819 (Julian calendar: April 25), in Dorpat [now Tartu, Estonia ] – April 14, 1905, Karlsruhe, Germany) was a Russian astronomer of German ethnic origin. ... Karl Hermann Struve (October 3, 1854 – August 12, 1920) was a German astronomer born in Russia, part of the famous Struve family of astronomers. ...

Works

Struve's name is best known for his observations of double stars, which he carried on for many years. Although double stars had been studied earlier by William Herschel and John Herschel and Sir James South, Struve outdid any previous efforts. He discovered a very large number of double stars and in 1827 published his double star catalogue Catalogus novus stellarum duplicium. Double Star is a science fiction novel by Robert A. Heinlein. ... Sir Wilhelm Friedrich Herschel (Hanover, November 15, 1738 – August 25, 1822 Slough, then in Buckinghamshire now in Berkshire) was a German-born British astronomer and composer who became famous for discovering the planet Uranus, and made many other astronomical discoveries. ... John Herschel John Frederick William Herschel (7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English mathematician and astronomer. ... Sir James South (October 1785 – October 19, 1867) was a British astronomer. ... 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Since most double stars are true binary stars rather than mere optical doubles (as William Herschel had been the first to discover), they orbit around one another's barycenter and slowly change position over the years. Thus Struve made micrometric measurements of 2714 double stars from 1824 to 1837 and published these in his work Stellarum duplicium et multiplicium mensurae micrometricae. Double Star is a science fiction novel by Robert A. Heinlein. ... A binary star system consists of two stars both orbiting around their barycenter. ... This topic is about the astronomical phenomenon. ... The barycenter (from the Greek βαρύκεντρον) is the center of mass of two or more bodies which are orbiting each other, and is the point around which both of them orbit. ...

Struve carefully measured the "constant of aberration" in 1843. He was also the first to measure the parallax of Vega, although Friedrich Bessel had been the first to measure the parallax of a star (61 Cygni). Aberration of light (also referred to as astronomical aberration or stellar aberration) is an astronomical phenomenon defined as an apparent motion of the heavenly bodies; stars describing more or less elliptic annual orbits, according to the latitude of the star; consequently at any moment the star appears to be displaced... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Parallax (Greek: παραλλαγή (parallagé) = alteration) is the change of angular position of two stationary points relative to each other as seen by an observer, due to the motion of said observer. ... Vega (α Lyr / α Lyrae / Alpha Lyrae) is the brightest star in the constellation Lyra, and the fifth brightest star in the sky. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (July 22, 1784 – March 17, 1846) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and systematizer of the Bessel functions (which, despite their name, were discovered by Daniel Bernoulli). ... 61 Cygni is a star in the Cygnus constellation. ...

He was also interested in geodetic surveying, and in 1831 published Beschreibung der Breitengradmessung in den Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. He initiated the Struve Geodetic Arc, which was a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through ten countries and over 2,820km. The UNESCO has the chain on its List of World Heritage Sites in Europe. It has been suggested that Geodetic datum be merged into this article or section. ... 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Stuve Geodetic Arc, a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through ten countries and over 2,820km. ... County Finnmark Landscape Municipality NO-2004 Administrative centre Hammerfest Mayor (2003) Alf E. Jakobsen (Ap) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 129 849 km² 819 km² 0. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. ...

Family

In 1815 he married Emilie Wall (1796 – 1834) in Altona, who bore 12 children, 8 of which survived early childhood. In addition to Otto Wilhelm von Struve, other children were Heinrich or Genrikh Vasilyevich (1822 – 1908), a prominent chemist, and Bernhard Vasilyevich (1827 – 1889), who served as a government official in Siberia and later as governor of Astrakhan and Perm. The Battle of New Orleans 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1796 was a leap year starting on Friday. ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Otto Wilhelm von Struve (May 7, 1819 (Julian calendar: April 25), in Dorpat [now Tartu, Estonia ] – April 14, 1905, Karlsruhe, Germany) was a Russian astronomer of German ethnic origin. ... 1822 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1908 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Astrakhan coat of arms features the Khans crown and a sabre Astrakhan (А́страхань; Tatar: Ästerxan), a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. ... Perm (Пермь, pop. ...

After his first wife died, he remarried to Johanna Henriette Francisca Bartels (1807 – 1867), who bore him six more children. The most well-known was Karl or Kirill Vasil'evich (1835 – 1907), who served successively as Russian ambassador to Japan, the United States, and the Netherlands. 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Bernhard's son Pyotr Berngardovich Struve (1870-1944) is probably the best known member of the family in Russia. He was one of the first Russian marxists and penned the Manifesto of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party upon its creation in 1898. Even before the party split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, Struve left it for the Constitutional Democratic party, which promoted ideas of liberalism. He represented this party at all the pre-revolutionary State Dumas. After the Russian Revolution, he published several striking articles on its causes and joined the White movement. In the governments of Pyotr Wrangel and Denikin he was one of the ministers. During the following three decades, he lived in Paris, while his children were prominent in the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... A manifesto is a public declaration of principles and intentions, often political in nature. ... The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP (Росси́йская Социа́л-Демократи́ческая Рабо́чая Па́ртия = РСДРП), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party, was a revolutionary socialist Russian political party formed in 1898 in Minsk to unite the various revolutionary organisations into one party. ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... The Mensheviks (Russian: Меньшевики) were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1903 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. ... This article is part of or related to the Liberalism series Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Historical liberal parties | Political parties of Russian Revolution ... Liberalism is an ideology, or current of political thought, that attempts to maximise individual liberty through a system of rights under law, in a system allowing economic competition and competition of ideas within a defined framework. ... The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. ... The phrase Russian Revolution can refer to the following events in the history of Russia. ... The White movement, whose military arm is known as the White Army (Белая Армия) or White Guard (Белая Гвардия, белогвардейцы) and whose members are known as Whites (Белые, or the derogatory Беляки) or White Russians (a term which has other meanings) comprised some of the Russian forces, both political and military, which opposed the Bolsheviks after the... Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel (1878 - 1928) was a Russian general and counter-revolutionary. ... Anton Denikin on the day of his resignation in 1920 Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин) (December 16, 1872 - August 8, 1947) was a Russian army officer before and during World War I. Following the Russian Revolution he was part of the counter-revolutionary White Russian forces in the civil... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, ROCA, or ROCOR) is a jurisdiction of Eastern Orthodoxy formed in response against the policy of Bolsheviks with respect to religion in the Soviet Union soon after the Russian Revolution. ...

Pyotr's son Gleb Struve (1898-1985) was one of the most remarkable Russian critics of the 20th century. He worked at the California University and befriended Vladimir Nabokov since the 1920s. Pyotr's grandson Nikita Struve (born in 1931) is a high-profile figure who edits several Russian-language periodicals abroad. The State of California runs two separate 4-year university systems: University of California California State University There is also a California University of Pennsylvania in the town of California, Pennsylvania. ... Image:Nabokov. ...

External links

• Struve dynasty (in Russian)
• Genealogy (in Russian)