Woodcut of Friedrich Spanheim

Friedrich Spanheim the elder (January 1, 1600 — May 14, 1649) was a Calvinistic professor at the University of Leiden. He entered in 1614 the University of Heidelberg where he studied philology and philosophy, and in 1619 removed to Geneva to study theology. In 1621 he became tutor in the house of Jean de Bonne, Baron de Vitrolle, governor of Embrun in Dauphiné, and after three years he visited Geneva, and Paris, and England, returning to Geneva in 1626 and be coming professor of philosophy. In 1631 he went over to the theological faculty, and was rector of the academy from 1633 to 1637. A woodcut is a method of printing in which an image is carved into the surface of a piece of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with chisels. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... // Events January January 1 - Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Years Day February February 17 - Giordano Bruno burned in a stake for heresy July July 2 - Battle of Nieuwpoort: Dutch forces under Maurice of Nassau defeat Spanish forces under Archduke Albert in a battle on the coastal dunes. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (135th in leap years). ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Calvinism is a system of Christian theology advanced by John Calvin, a Protestant Reformer in the 16th century, and further developed by his followers, associates and admirers. ... Leiden University in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... The Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (German Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; also known as simply University of Heidelberg) was established in the town of Heidelberg in the Rhineland in 1386. ... Philology is the study of ancient texts and languages. ... Philosophy is a discipline or field of study involving the investigation, analysis, and development of ideas at a general, abstract, or fundamental level. ... Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ... Coat of arms of the Canton of Geneva Coat of arms of the City of Geneva Geneva (French: Genève, German: Genf, Italian: Ginevra, Romansh Genevra, Spanish: Ginebra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zurich), located where Lake Geneva (French: Lac de Genève or Lac L... Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It also refers to the study of other religious topics. ... Events February 9 - Gregory XV is elected pope. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Ethnicity... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... Events February 13 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. ... Events February 3 - Tulipmania collapses in Netherlands by government order February 15 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor December 17 - Shimabara Rebellion erupts in Japan Pierre de Fermat makes a marginal claim to have proof of what would become known as Fermats last theorem. ...

In 1642 he removed to Leiden as professor of theology. In Holland Spanheim became one of the most decided defenders of the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination against Moise Amyraut. He published anonymously, Le Soldat suedois (1634), a history of the Thirty Years' War until 1631 and Le Mercure suisse (1634); Commentaire historique de la vie et de la mort de . . Christofle Vicomte de Dohna (1639). His principal theological works are: Dubia evangelica (3 vols., Geneva, 1631-1639; English translation, Englands Warning by Germanies Woe, London, 1646); and Disputatio de gratia universali (3 vols., Leiden, 1644-1648); Epistola ad Buchananum super controversiis...in ecclesiis Anglicanis (Leiden, 1645). Against the Anabaptists he wrote Variae disputationes anti-Anabaptisticae (1643) and Diatribe historica de origine, progressu, sectis et nominibus anabaptistarum (1645). Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. ... Leiden (in English also, but now rarely, Leyden) is a city and municipality in South Holland, The Netherlands. ... Holland is the name of a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. ... Predestination is a religious idea, under which the relationship between the beginning of things and the destiny of things is discussed. ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally in the Central European territory of the Holy Roman Empire, but also involving most of the major continental powers. ... // Events February 5 - Roger Williams emigrates to Boston. ... Events January 14 - Connecticuts first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted. ... // Events Ongoing events English Civil War (1642-1649) Births February 4 - Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz, German statesman and poet (d. ... // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... // Events Peace treaty signed at Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. ... // Events January 10 - Archbishop Laud executed on Tower Hill, London. ... Anabaptists (Greek ana+baptizo re-baptizers, German: Wiedertäufer) are Christians of the so-called radical wing of the Protestant Reformation. ...

References

• A. Heiden, Oratio funebris in obitum...F. Spenhemii, Leiden, 1849.
• Bayle, Dictionary, v. 193-195.
• Niceron, Mémoires, xxix. 35
• J. Seoebier, Hist. littéraire de Genève, ii. 191 sqq., Geneva, 1786
• Lichtenberger, ESR, xi. 656.

This article includes content derived from the public domain Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1914. 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge is a 1914 religious encyclopedia, published in thirteen volumes. ...