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Frederik Bolkestein (born 4 April 1933 in Amsterdam; usually known as Frits Bolkestein (help·
info)) is a Dutch politician and former EU Commissioner. Download high resolution version (825x567, 62 KB)Frits Bolkestein, Dutch politician and former European Commissioner. ...
Download high resolution version (825x567, 62 KB)Frits Bolkestein, Dutch politician and former European Commissioner. ...
April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ...
1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 741,329 (1 August 2006) Demonym Amsterdammer Coordinates Website www. ...
Image File history File links Nl-Frits_Bolkestein. ...
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The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive body of the European Union. ...
He was the leader of the market liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, the VVD. In the European Commission, Bolkestein was responsible for Internal Market, Taxation and Customs Union issues. Some of the more politically sensitive items in his portfolio were the draft Community Patent regulation and the draft Directives on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions and services in the internal market, the so-called "Bolkestein Directive", which has become the focus of heated debate. Former Irish finance minister Charlie McCreevy succeeded him at this post [1]. Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of...
The Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) (Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) is a Dutch liberal political party. ...
The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive body of the European Union. ...
A single market is a customs union with common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of all the four factors of production (goods, services, capital and labour). ...
The Community Patent, also known as the European Community Patent or EC patent, is a patent law measure being debated within the European Union, which would allow individuals and companies to obtain a unitary patent throughout the European Union. ...
A directive is a legislative act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result. ...
The European Union (EU) Directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions (2002/0047/COD) was a proposal for an EU law which aimed to harmonise EU national patent laws and practices, which involved the granting of patents for computer-implemented inventions provided they meet certain criteria. ...
The Directive on services in the internal market (commonly referred to as the Bolkestein Directive) is an initiative of the European Commission aimed at creating a single market for services within the European Union. ...
The Directive on services in the internal market (commonly referred to as the Bolkestein Directive) is an initiative of the European Commission aimed at creating a single market for services within the European Union. ...
The finance minister is a cabinet position in a government. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Biography
Upon completing his gymnasium education in Amsterdam, Bolkestein was an undergraduate focusing on mathematics at Oregon State College from 1951 to 1953, subsequently returning to Amsterdam where he studied natural sciences, philosophy and ancient Greek, taking first degrees in all subjects and graduating with a master's degree in philosophy. Before entering Dutch politics in the 1970s, Bolkstein was a manager at the Royal Dutch/Shell oil company for seventeen years, taking him to various overseas postings, including East-Africa, Indonesia, Honduras, El Salvador, the United Kingdom and France. In this country he served three years on the board of the Shell Chimie in Paris. During his tenure with Shell, he also completed a law degree at the University of Leiden(graduating in 1965) and completed the first part of the Economics program at the London School of Economics in 1964. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Secondary education. ...
Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, known today as the father of geometry; shown here in a detail of The School of Athens by Raphael. ...
Oregon State University (OSU) is a four-year research and degree-granting public university, located in Corvallis, Oregon in the United States. ...
The term natural science as the way in which different fields of study are defined is determined as much by historical convention as by the present day meaning of the words. ...
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The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...
Royal Dutch Shell PLC is a multinational oil company of Anglo Dutch origins, which is amongst the largest energy corporations in the world, and one of the six supermajors (vertically integrated private-sector oil exploration, natural gas, and petroleum product marketing companies). ...
Leyden redirects here. ...
Face-to-face trading interactions among on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor Economics, as a social science, studies the production, distribution, and consumption of resources. ...
The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as the London School of Economics or simply the LSE, is a specialist university, located on Houghton Street in Central London, off the Aldwych and next to the Royal Courts of Justice. ...
Bolkestein left Shell in 1978 and became a member of parliament for the VVD. From 1982-1986, he served as Minister of International Trade. After joining the parliament again, he was Minister of Defense from 1988-1989. In 1990 he was elected party leader of the VVD, a position he held until 1998. Between 1978 and 1999, when he became European Commissioner, he was member of parliament for 17 years.
During the 1990s, he was very successful as the political frontman of the VVD. As an opinion leader, he was known for his daring and controversial positions on such issues as multicultural problems in Dutch society, political dualism between government and parliament, and the structure and expansion of the European Union. From 1990-1994 he was the parliamentary opposition leader and continued his outspoken and independent style when his party was part of the government from 1994. During the regional elections of 1995, his criticism of Dutch immigration policies made his party the largest of the country.
In 1996, his political integrity came under heavy criticism, because it was revealed he had written a letter to the Minister of Health Els Borst, in which he asked her to help a pharmaceutical company, of which Bolkestein was member of the board of commissioners. The incident was known as the "Dear Els"-incident, because the letter was addressed to Borst personally Prof. ...
He was president of the Liberal International, the world federation of liberal political parties. Since Fall 2004, he has been a professor at the Dutch universities of Leiden and Delft. He is also preparing a book on the influence of intellectuals on political life. Liberal International is a political international for international liberal parties. ...
Leiden University, located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. ...
Founded in 1842, the Delft University of Technology, in Delft, the Netherlands, is one of the oldest, largest, and most comprehensive technical universities in the Netherlands, with over 13,000 students and 2,100 scientists (including 200 professors). ...
Bolkestein wrote a play in English, under the anagram pseudonym of Niels Kobet: Floris, Count of Holland. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
An anagram (Greek ana- = back or again, and graphein = to write) is a type of word play, the result of rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to produce other words, using all the original letters exactly once. ...
A pseudonym (Greek pseudo + -onym: false name) is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a persons true name. ...
The Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century. ...
He authored a number of books on politics and related subjects. Frits Bolkestein is married to Femke Boersma, a Dutch actress who has not worked in that profession in several years. In 2005, his house in Northern France had its electricity cut briefly by the local energy company after he criticized French protectionist measures against incoming electricians from Eastern Europe.
The Bolkestein Directive Named after Frits Bolkestein, the Directive on services in the internal market aims at enabling a company from a given member-state to recruit workers in other european union countries using the law of its home country. It triggered huge protests in Europe. This directive was voted in the European Parliament in March 2006 and the MEPs proposed amendments to the provisional text. The "principle of origin", which stipulates that workers are employed under the legal arrangements of their own state of residence, was replaced by a new "freedom" principle - freedom to provide services, meaning that administrative obstacles should be removed. The compromise allowed the draft Directive to continue to exist. The Directive on services in the internal market (commonly referred to as the Bolkestein Directive) is an initiative of the European Commission aimed at creating a single market for services within the European Union. ...
Links with Menatep bank and the Royal Dutch Shell On April 26, 2006, daily 20 Minutes revealed that "in May 2005, MEP Paul Van Buitenen was shocked by Frits Bolkestein's presence in Menatep's international consultative council [the bank owned by Mikhail Khodorkovsky ], a sulfurous Russian banking establishment, and by his work for Shell, British-Dutch petrol company. Two firms 'detaining secret accounts in Clearstream' ... Van Buitenen, also Dutch, then asked for 'clarification' to the European Commission and the opening of a parliamentary investigation. The Commission's president, José Manuel Barroso, answered that these facts "don't bring up any new question" and that it is not known "if Menatep took contact with Bolkestein while he was in his functions". No investigation thereby took place." The free daily underlines that "in 2001, it was Bolkestein himself that announced the Commission's refusal to open up a parliamentary investigation on Clearstream", following MEP Harlem Désir's requests and accusations that Menatep had an "undeclared account" at Clearstream. Bolkestein refused to answer any questions by the newspaper.[1] April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (117th in leap years). ...
2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
20 Minuten is a free daily newspaper in Switzerland, distributed to commuters in more than 150 train stations. ...
Paul van Buitenen (born 28 May 1957 in Breda) was a Dutch assistant-auditor in the European Commission’s Financial Control Directorate who became the whistle blower who first drew the attention of a Member of the European Parliament to the irregularities, fraud and mismanagement within the Commission in...
Bank Menatep was a privately owned bank created by Mikhail Khodorkovsky. ...
Khodorkovsky speaking at a conference shortly before his arrest Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (Russian: ; born June 26, 1963) is a Russian businessman, a former Komsomol activist who became one of Russias most powerful oligarchs. ...
Royal Dutch Shell PLC is a multinational oil company of Anglo Dutch origins, which is amongst the largest energy corporations in the world, and one of the six supermajors (vertically integrated private-sector oil exploration, natural gas, and petroleum product marketing companies). ...
Clearstream Banking S.A. (CB) is the clearing division of Deutsche Börse, based in Luxembourg. ...
This article needs to be updated. ...
Harlem Désir is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Île-de-France. ...
In 2001, Bolkestein responded to the question raised by European MPs (MEP) Harlem Désir, Glyn Ford and Francis Wurtz, who asked the Commission to investigate the accusations brought forward by Révélation$, a book written by investigative journalist Denis Robert and former Clearstream member Ernest Backes, and to ensure that the 10 June 1990 directive (91/308 CE) on control of financial establishment be applied in all member states in an effective way. Commissioner Frits Bolkestein applied that "the Commission has no reason to date to believe that the Luxembourg authorities do not apply it vigorously". (sic) The three MPs henceforth published a press statement asking the opening of an investigation by the European Union about the correct application of the June 10, 1990 directive.[2] [3] A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ...
Harlem Désir is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Île-de-France. ...
Glyn Ford (born 1950) is a member of the European Parliament for South West England for the Labour Party. ...
Francis Wurtz is a French Member of the European Parliament. ...
Denis Robert is a French journalist, author of Revelation$ with Ernest Backes, former #3 of Clearstream. ...
Ernest Backes (1946, Trier, Germany) was #3 of compensation chamber Clearstream (formerly Cedel), in charge of relations with clients, and was fired in May 1983. ...
References - ^ (French) "Révélation 20 Minutes : Quand la Commission européenne refusait d'enquêter sur Clearstream", 20 Minutes, April 26, 2006. Retrieved on April 29, 2006.
- ^ (French) Harlem Désir's official website (European MPs Harlem Désir, Glyn Ford and Francis Wurtz press statement about the $1.5 trillion math error & Denis Robert and Ernest Backes' book "Revelation$" and a May 9, 2001 op-ed in Le Monde titled "Les 'boîtes noires' de la mondialisation financière" ("The black box of financial globalization") by Bernard Bertossa, attorney general in Geneva, Benoît Dejemeppe, king's attorney in Bruxelles (procureur du roi), Eva Joly, investigative magistrate in Paris, Jean de Maillard, magistrate in Blois and Renaud van Ruymbeke, judge in Paris)
- ^ (English)/(French) "André Lussi, CEO of Clearstream, stepping down - interview of Denis Robert", Tobin tax, June 2001.
20 Minuten is a free daily newspaper in Switzerland, distributed to commuters in more than 150 train stations. ...
Harlem Désir is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Île-de-France. ...
Glyn Ford (born 1950) is a member of the European Parliament for South West England for the Labour Party. ...
Francis Wurtz is a French Member of the European Parliament. ...
Le Monde is a French daily evening newspaper with a circulation in 2002 of 389,200. ...
Bernard Bertossa was Genevas public prosecutor from 1990 to 2002. ...
Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German: //, Italian: Ginevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ...
For other uses, see Brussels (disambiguation). ...
Eva Joly (b. ...
An inquisitorial system is a legal system where the court or a part of the court is actively involved in determining the facts of the case, as opposed to an adversarial system where the role of the court is solely that of an impartial referee between parties. ...
Jean de Maillard is a French magistrate in Blois. ...
Blois is a city in France, the préfecture (capital) city of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours. ...
Renaud van Ruymbeke is a French magistrate (juge dinstruction, in charge of the investigation and the prosecution) who investigated on the French-Taiwan frigates scandal and on the Urba affair. ...
See also Clearstream Banking S.A. (CB) is a Bank and a transaction clearing company based in Luxembourg (Europe) created in January 2000, which has been the object of the greatest financial scandal in Luxembourg. Clearstream Banking S.A. was formed from the merger of Cedel (established 1971 - short for Central Delivery...
The Directive on services in the internal market (commonly referred to as the Bolkestein Directive) is an initiative of the European Commission aimed at creating a single market for services within the European Union. ...
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