Fritz Müller.

Dr Johann Friedrich Theodor "Fritz" Müller (alternatively spelt Mueller (see ü) or Anglicised to Muller; 31 March 1821– 21 May 1897) was a German biologist who emigrated to Brazil, where he studied the natural history of the rainforest, and was an early advocate of Darwinism. Mülleran mimicry is named for him. Image:Müller Fritz 1834-1895. ... Image:Müller Fritz 1834-1895. ... Ü, or ü, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter U with umlaut, or a letter U with diaeresis. ... March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining, as the final day of March. ... 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Natural history is an umbrella term for what are now usually viewed as a number of distinct scientific disciplines. ... Rainforest on Fatu-Hiva, Marquesas Islands A rainforest is a forested biome with high annual rainfall due to the Intertropical convergence zone. ... A mimic is any species that has evolved to appear similar to another successful species in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic. ...

Biography

Müller was born in Windischholzhausen near Erfurt, Germany in 1821, the son of a minister. Map of Germany showing Erfurt Erfurt [ˈɛrfʊrt] is a city in central Germany. ... 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

As a medical student he started to question religion and in 1846 became an atheist, joining the Free Congregation. He then refused to swear his medical oath because it contained the phrase "so help me God and his sacred gospel", and was disappointed by the failure of the 1848 Prussian Revolution. Also a believer in free love. As a result, he emigrated to Brazil in 1852 with Hermann Blumenau to the new colony of Blumenau. 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ... The term God is used to designate a Supreme Being, however, there are countless definitions of God. ... In Christianity, Gospels are a genre of Early Christian literature essentially concerning the message and meaning of Jesus. ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Free love is an ideology that love and sexual activities should be shared amongst many, and not be confined to long term relationships. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Hermann Blumenau (December 26, 1819 in Hasselfelde, Lower Saxony- October 30, 1899) was a German philosopher who founded the city of Blumenau situated in the Itajaí-Açú valley in the state of Santa Catarina. ... Blumenau is a city in Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil. ...

Müller wrote Für Darwin in 1864, arguing that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection that had been first advanced 5 years before in The Origin of Species was correct, arguing that Brazilian crustaceans and their larvae could be affected by adaptations at any growth stage. This was translated into English by W.S. Dallas as Facts and Arguments for Darwin in 1867. 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Darwin, about the same time as the publication of The Origin of Species. ... Charles Darwin, the father of modern evolutionary theory In the life sciences, evolution is a change in the traits of living organisms over generations, including the emergence of new species. ... Natural selection is the primary mechanism within the scientific theory of evolution, in that it alters the frequency of alleles within a population. ... The 1859 edition of On the Origin of Species First published in 1859, The Origin of Species (full title On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life) by British naturalist Charles Darwin is one of the pivotal... Classes Remipedia Cephalocarida Branchiopoda Ostracoda Maxillopoda Malacostraca The crustaceans (Crustacea) are a large group of arthropods (55,000 species), usually treated as a subphylum. ... A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... William Sweetland Dallas (1824–1890) was a British zoologist. ... Facts and Arguments for Darwin is a 1864 book on evolutionary biology by the German biologist Fritz Müller, originally published in German under the title Für Darwin (For Darwin), and translated into English by William Sweetland Dallas in 1867. ... 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Despite his geographical isolation, Müller corresponded with Charles Darwin, Hermann Müller, Alexander Agassiz, Ernst Krause, and Ernst Haeckel, amongst others. Charles Darwin, about the same time as the publication of The Origin of Species. ... Hermann Müller (1829-1883), German botanist who provided important evidence for Darwins theory of evolution. ... Alexander Agassiz Alexander Emanuel Agassiz (December 17, 1835 – March 27, 1910), son of Louis Agassiz, was an American scientist and engineer. ... Dr Ernst Krause also known under the pen-name Carus Sterne (22 November 1839 in Zielenzig, &ndash 24 August 1903 in Eberswalde) was a German biologist. ... Ernst Haeckel Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (February 16, 1834 - August 8, 1919) was a German biologist and philosopher who popularized Charles Darwins work in Germany. ...

Between 1874 and 1891, Müller worked as a travelling naturalist for the Brazilian National Museum, working with basic materials. He was a contemporary of several other foreign naturalists and scientists who were invited by Emperor Dom Pedro II to work at the museum, such as Émil Goeldi and Hermann von Ihering. 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Dom Pedro IIs family Dom Pedro II and President Ulysses S. Grant, Philadelphia Exposition, 1876 Dom Pedro II in his old age Dom Pedro II of Brazil Dom Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (December 2, 1825-December 5, 1891) was the second and final Brazilian Emperor. ... Émil Albert Goeldi (var. ... Hermann von Ihering (1850 - 1930) was a German-Brazilian zoologist. ...

See also: Henry Walter Bates. Henry Walter Bates (February 8, 1825 - February 16, 1892) was an English naturalist and explorer most famous for his expedition to the Amazon with Alfred Russel Wallace in 1848. ...

Biography

• A biography in German, see Alfred Moeller (1920): Fritz Mueller. Werke, Briefe und Leben
• A more modern biography is given by David A. West. Fritz Müller: A Naturalist in Brazil. Blacksburg: Pocahontas Press, 2003. ISBN 0-936015-92-6

Related topics

• Darwinism
• Science and technology in Brazil

This article is about Darwinism as a philosophical concept; see evolution for the page on biological evolution; modern evolutionary synthesis for neo-Darwinism; and also evolution (disambiguation). ... Brazilian science and technology has achieved in the last decades a significant position in the international arena. ...

External links

• http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/Mueller.html
• Facts and Arguments for Darwin (http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/6475)
• Dr. Fritz Müller on Some Difficult Cases of Mimicry (1882) (http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S353.htm)
• Review of West's biography (pdf file) (http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.cgi?path=23061071465587)