NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Fritzlar

Coordinates: 51°8′N, 9°17′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Fritzlar is a small German town (pop. 15,000) in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, 160 km north of Frankfurt, with a storied history. It can reasonably be argued that the town is the site where the Christianization of northern Germany (north and east of the Roman Limes) began and the birthplace of the German empire as a political entity. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This is an alphabetical list of countries of the world, including independent states (both those that are internationally recognised and generally unrecognised), inhabited dependent territories and areas of special sovereignty. ... Germany is a Federal Republic made up of 16 States, known in German as LÃ¤nder (singular Land). ... Hesse (German: Hessen) is a state of Germany with an area of 21,110 kmÂ² and just over six million inhabitants. ... A Regierungsbezirk is an government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states (BundeslÃ¤nder). ... Kassel is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the north of the country. ... There are 439 German districts (Kreise), administrative units in Germany. ... Schwalm-Eder is a Kreis (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... The metre, or meter (U.S.), is a measure of length. ... See Cartesian coordinate system or Coordinates (elementary mathematics) for a more elementary introduction to this topic. ... German Postleitzahl map of the first two digits Postal codes in Germany, known as Postleitzahl (pl. ... see also Telephone numbering plan of Germany for further codes including service numbers, cell phones etc. ... German car number plates (Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered. ... A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU - Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest conservative political party in Germany. ... A website (or Web site) is a collection of web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosted on a particular domain or subdomain on the World Wide Web. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (800 Ã— 1065 pixel, file size: 363 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Fritzlar Metadata This... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (800 Ã— 1065 pixel, file size: 363 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Fritzlar Metadata This... Schwalm-Eder is a Kreis (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany. ... Hesse (German: Hessen) is a state of Germany with an area of 21,110 kmÂ² and just over six million inhabitants. ... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... The limes Germanicus, 2nd century. ...

The town has a medieval center ringed by a wall with numerous watch towers. Thirty-seven meters high, the Grauer Turm ("Grey Tower") is the highest remaining urban defense tower in Germany. The city hall, first documented in 1109, with a stone relief of St. Martin, the town's patron saint, is the oldest in Germany still in use for its original purpose. The Gothic church of the old Franciscan monastery is today the Protestant parish church, while its other buildings have been converted into a modern hospital. Many houses in the town center, notably around the market square, date from the 14th to 17th centuries and have been carefully maintained or restored. The town is dominated by the imposing Romanesque-Gothic cathedral from the 12th-14th centuries in the center of the old town. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... Events Battle of Naklo Battle of Hundsfeld Fulk of Jerusalem becomes count of Anjou Alfonso I of Aragon marries Urraca of Castile Crusaders capture Tripoli Anselm of Laon becomes chancellor of Laon Births July 25 - Afonso, first king of Portugal Deaths Alfonso VI of Castile Anselm of Canterbury, philosopher and... St. ... Interior of Cologne Cathedral Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ... Monastery of St. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Romanesque St. ... Interior of Cologne Cathedral Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ... A cathedral is a religious building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican and some Lutheran churches, which serves as a bishops seat, and thus as the central church of a diocese. ...

Geography

Fritzlar lies in northern Hesse on north bank of the Eder river, south of the Habichtswald mountains and north of the Kellerwald mountains. The surrounding area is characterized by fertile farmland and many, mostly wooded basalt peaks, many of which are topped by mediaeval castles, or castle ruins. Examples of these can be found at Gudensberg, Homberg, Felsberg, Heiligenberg, Altenburg, Jesberg, and Naumburg), among others. The Eder is a river in Germany (ca. ... The Habichtswald is a small mountain range, covering some 35 kmÂ² and rising to a height of 615 m, immediately west of the city of Kassel in northern Hesse in Germany. ... The Kellerwald is a low mountain range reaching heights of up to 675 m in the western part of northern Hesse, Germany. ... Farmland can have several meanings: See: Farm for a general discussion of farming Farmland, Indiana, a town in the United States Farmland (cooperative), an agricultural cooperative This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Basalt Basalt (IPA: ) is a common gray to black volcanic rock. ... Pierrefonds Castle, France Castle has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning. ... Gudensberg is a small town in northern Hesse, Germany. ... Homberg is a small town in northern Hesse with about 15,000 inhabitants, and it is the seat of the Schwalm-Eder district. ... Felsberg is a small town in Hesse, Germany. ... Heiligenberg is a Gemeinde of Bodenseekreis, Baden-WÃ¼rttemberg, Germany. ... Jesberg is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... Naumburg is a town in the district of Kassel, in Hesse, Germany. ...

History

Thor's Oak and German Christianization

The cathedral stands at the site where the Anglo-Saxon missionary St. Boniface, apostle of the Germans, in 724 A.D. erected a chapel from the wood of an oak dedicated to Thor and sacred to the local German tribe, the Chatten/Chatti (ancestors of the Hessians). A year earlier, in 723, Boniface, then still known under his original name Winfrid, had Thor's Oak, one of the most important sacred sites of the Germans, felled to prove the "superiority" of the Christian god over Thor and the Germanic deities. According to St. Boniface's first biographer, his contemporary Saint Willibald, Boniface started to chop the oak down, when suddenly a great wind, as if by miracle, blew the ancient oak over. This event marked the beginning of the Christianization of German tribes and lands beyond the old Roman frontiers. The famous parade helmet found at Sutton Hoo, probably belonging to King Raedwald of East Anglia circa 625. ... For the Roman general of this name, see Bonifacius. ... Thors battle against the giants, by MÃ¥rten Eskil Winge, 1872 Thor (Old Norse: ÃžÃ³rr) is the red-haired and bearded god of thunder in Norse Mythology and more generally Germanic mythology (Old English: Ãžunor, Old Dutch and Old High German: Donar, from Proto-Germanic *Ãžunraz). ... Chatten (Catti), a historic German tribe settled in the area of modern-day northern Hesse. ... The Chatti (also Catti) were an ancient Germanic tribe settled in central and northern Hesse and southern Lower Saxony, along the upper reaches of the Weser river and in the valleys and mountains of the Eder, Fulda and Werra river regions, a district approximately corresponding to Hesse-Cassel, though probably... In mathematics, the Hessian matrix of a function of several real variables is the (symmetric) matrix of all second partial derivatives. ... Events Saint Boniface fells Thors Oak near Fritzlar, marking the decisive event in the Christianization of the northern Germanic tribes The worlds first mechanical clock is allegedly built in China. ... For the Roman general of this name, see Bonifacius. ... Thors Oak was an ancient tree sacred to the Germanic tribe of the Chatti, ancestors of todays Hessians, and one of the most important sacred sites of the Germans. ... Saint Willibald (born in Wessex, died 787 or 781 in EichstÃ¤tt) was an 8th century bishop of EichstÃ¤tt in Bavaria. ... St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen The historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once, also includes the practice of converting pagan practices, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar...

Boniface established the first bishopric in Germany outside the boundaries of the old Roman Empire on a hill (Büraburg) across the Eder river, but after the death of Witta, its first and only bishop, in 747 the bishopric was incorporated into the diocese (later archdiocese) of Mainz by Lullus, the disciple and successor of Boniface as archbishop of Mainz. The Benedictine monastery founded by Boniface in Fritzlar in 724 gained prominence as a center of religious and worldly learning under its abbot St. Wigbert who built the original stone basilica of 732 at the site of Boniface's wooden chapel. In 782 Charles the Great (Charlemagne) granted it imperial protection and substantial territory, and this triggered the rapid development of the town. The monastery was converted into a canonic college (Chorherrenstift) in 1005, its members no longer living in monastic union and simplicity, but maintaining their own, and generally rather well-to-do, households. Several imposing stone residences (Curias) built by wealthy canons during the 14th century survive to this day in the old part of the town. The canonic college was dissolved only in 1803. BÃ¼raburg, a prominent hill with historic significance, overlooking the Eder river near the town of Fritzlar in northern Hesse. ... The Eder is a river in Germany (ca. ... See Witta, son of Wecta for the mythological Jutish chieftain. ... Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... A Benedictine is a person who follows the Rule of St Benedict. ... St. ... St. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Birthplace of the German Empire

Located at the crossroads of several important trade routes and site of an imperial residence since Charlemagne, Fritzlar was a frequent site of royal visits and of assemblies and synods of the German princes and church leaders during the early Middle Ages. Undoubtedly the most important of these was the Reichstag of 919 when Henry I ("Henry the Fowler"), duke of Saxony, was elected King of the Germans to succeed Charlemagne's Frankish successors on the throne of what had become known as the East Frankish Empire. This event marked the end of bitter rivalry between the two large German tribes of the Franks and the Saxons and the beginning of the German Empire that lasted until the Napoleonic wars. King Conrad I, duke of Franconia, had died in December 918 without a son and urged his brother, margrave Eberhard, who was to succeed him as Duke of Franconia, to nominate Henry as king, although they had been at odds with each other from 912 to 915 over the title to lands in Thuringia. Conrad's choice was respected by the Reichstag of 919, where Henry was proclaimed king by the leaders of the Franks and Saxons. Duke Burkhard I of Swabia quickly swore allegiance as well, but Duke Arnulf of Bavaria did not submit to Henry until the latter advanced with an army into Bavaria in 921. A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht DÃ¼rer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ... The Reichstag (German for Imperial Diet) was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. ... Events King Edward I of England conquers Bedford. ... Heinrich I depicted as The Bamberg Knight Henry I, the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler) (876 - July 2, 936), was Duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death in 936. ... Heinrich I depicted as The Bamberg Knight Henry I, the Fowler (German: Heinrich der Finkler or Heinrich der Vogler) (876 - July 2, 936), was Duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death in 936. ... The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stat Sakska) is the easternmost federal state of Germany. ... For other uses, see Franks (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Saxon (disambiguation). ... Conrad I (or Konrad), Duke of Franconia, King of Germany was king of the German Holy Roman Empire from 911 to 918. ... Eberhard is an old Germanic name meaning the strength or courage of a wild boar. ... The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat ThÃ¼ringen) is located in central Germany and is considered one of the smaller of Germanys sixteen BundeslÃ¤nder (federal states), with an area of 16,200 kmÂ² and 2. ... Germany. ... Arnulf is the name of several people in medieval European history: Arnulf of Metz (582 - 640) Arnulf of Carinthia (850 - 899) Arnulf I of Bavaria (ruled 907-927) Arnulf I of Flanders (ruled 918-965) Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims, died on March 5th, 1021. ... The geographic region and Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 kmÂ² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... Events Embassy of Ahmad ibn Fadlan from Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir Henry the Fowler invades Bavaria and obtains fealty from Arnulf the Bad Births King Edmund I of England Onmyoji Abe no Seimei Deaths September 1 - Richard of...

Conrad himself had risen to the position of duke of Franconia only after defeating the rival Babenberg counts in a battle near Fritzlar in 906, in which his father, Conrad the Elder, was killed. Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. ... Events Births Deaths Categories: 906 ...

Developments during the Middle Ages

In 1079 Fritzlar ceased to be a crown possession when it was gifted to the archbishop of Mainz by Emperor Henry IV in the aftermath of his submission to the Pope at Canossa. It thus became a pivotal pillar in the long-lasting feuds between Mainz and the landgraves of Thuringia and Hesse for territorial supremacy in northern Hesse. Events Persian astronomer, Omar KhayyÃ¡m, computed the length of the year as 365. ... Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... HEINRICÂ·IMP[ERATOR], Emperor Henry Henry IV (November 11, 1050 â€“ August 7, 1106) was King of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. ... Canossa is a former castle of Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, situated in the foothills of the Apennines, in the province of Reggio Emilia and about eighteen miles from Parma. ... Graf is a German noble title equal in rank to a count or an earl. ... The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat ThÃ¼ringen) is located in central Germany and is considered one of the smaller of Germanys sixteen BundeslÃ¤nder (federal states), with an area of 16,200 kmÂ² and 2. ...

Located in the border area between Frankish and Saxon territories and, following Martin Luther's Reformation, a Roman-Catholic enclave owned by the Archbishop of Mainz in the midst of protestant Hesse, the town was frequently embattled, by Saxons and Franks, by Protestant and Catholic princes, and repeatedly sacked and rebuilt. Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 â€“ February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ...

The first major devastation occurred in 774, during Charlemagne's Saxon Wars. While the king was in Italy, the Saxons invaded Hesse and besieged Büraburg, where the population of Fritzlar had sought refuge. Failing to take the fortress, the Saxons destroyed Fritzlar, but not St. Wigbert's stone basilica. This gave rise to the legend that two angels had appeared to chase away the invaders and protect the church. Events Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of the Lombards, and takes title King of the Lombards. ... The Saxon Wars were the campaigns and insurrections of the more than thirty years from 772, when Charlemagne first entered Saxony with the intent to conquer, to 804, when the last rebellion of disaffected tribesmen was crushed. ...

The next happened in 1079. Emperor Henry IV, who frequently resided in Fritzlar, was faced with an insurrection led by the pretender king Rudolf of Swabia (Rudolf of Rheinfelden), who had been supported by the Pope. Having submitted to the Pope at Canossa in 1077, Henry had gone to Fritzlar. A papal legate was not able to arrange an end to the dispute, and in early 1079 an army of Saxons, partisans of Rudolf, attacked Henry in Fritzlar. He fled, and town and church were sacked and destroyed. Events Persian astronomer, Omar KhayyÃ¡m, computed the length of the year as 365. ... Rudolf of Rheinfelden (also Rudolf of Swabia), died October 15, 1080, was Duke of Swabia (1057–1077) and German Antiking (1077–1080). ... Canossa is a former castle of Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, situated in the foothills of the Apennines, in the province of Reggio Emilia and about eighteen miles from Parma. ... Events January 26 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea SÃ¼leyman I of RÃ¼m becomes the leader of the Sultanate of...

Between about 1085 and 1118, a new and larger basilica was built at the site of St. Wigbert's church. It was the site of the imperial synod of 1118 at which the papal interdict of Henry V, who again had opposed the pope on the matter of investiture of bishops, was announced and ratified and where Saint Norbert of Xanten, founder of the order of the Premonstratensians (Norbertines) and later archbishop of Magdeburg, successfully defended himself against charges of heresy. At the same synod, prince-bishop Otto of Bamberg was suspended for having remained loyal to Henry V during his quarrels with the papacy. A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. ... Events Knights Templar founded Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem John II Comnenus succeeds Alexius I as Byzantine emperor Gelasius II succeeds Paschal II as pope Births November 28 - Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1180) Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1185... The word interdict usually refers to an ecclesiastical penalty in the Roman Catholic Church. ... Henry IV (left) and son Henry V (right). ... Investiture, from the Latin (preposition in and verb vestire, dress from vestis robe) is a rather general term for the formal installation of an incumbent (heir, elect of nominee) in public office, especially by taking possession of its insignia. ... Saint Norbert of Xanten Saint Norbert of Xanten (c. ... The Norbertines, also known as the Premonstratensians (OPraem) and in England, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), are a Christian religious order of Augustinian canons founded at PrÃ©montrÃ© near Laon in 1120 by Saint Norbert, afterwards archbishop of Magdeburg. ... The Premonstratensians, also called Norbertines, and in England the White Canons (from the color of their habit) are a Christian religious order of Augustinian Canons founded at Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Saint Norbert, afterwards archbishop of Magdeburg. ... This article is about the German city. ... Look up Heresy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Otto (Otto I. of Bamberg) was born about 1060 into a noble family in Mistelbach, Swabia. ...

This second basilica was radically reconstructed between 1180 and 1200, essentially in the form in which it is still found today, although a number of smaller additions and alterations have been made throughout the centuries since then. During the same period, from 1184 to 1196, the town was fortified by the construction of the first wall around its periphery.

The next devastating blow was the sack of the town by Thuringian landgrave Conrad in 1232, when much of the population was killed and the town plundered. Mainz responded by immediately rebuilding and further fortifying the town, adding numerous towers to the walls and building seven watch towers and fortified refuges on strategic hills in the surrounding countryside. The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat ThÃ¼ringen) is located in central Germany and is considered one of the smaller of Germanys sixteen BundeslÃ¤nder (federal states), with an area of 16,200 kmÂ² and 2. ... Graf is a German noble title equal in rank to a count or an earl. ... // Events Canonization of Saint Anthony of Padua, patron of lost items Pope Gregory IX driven from Rome by a revolt, taking refuge at Anagni First edition of Tripitaka Koreana destroyed by Mongol invaders Battle of Agridi 15 June 1232 Births Arnolfo di Cambio, Florentine architect (died 1310) Manfred of Sicily...

In the early 13th century, the Franciscans (Friars Minor) established a monastery in the town. They obtained permission to build their church and quarters directly up against the town wall, thereby obliterating the watch walk on the inside of the wall that was crucial for quickly moving defenders from one part of the wall to another. In exchange they had to agree to defend their part of the town's fortification in the event of a siege. The Franciscans were forced to leave when the Lutheran Reformation was introduced in 1522. Following the Counterreformation, Jesuits moved in in 1615, followed by the return of the Franciscans in 1619. The monastery was dissolved in 1811. Its splendid Gothic church, completed in 1244, today serves as the parish church for the town's Protestant Christians who purchased it in 1817/1824. Franciscans is the common name used to designate a variety of mendicant religious orders of men or women tracing their origin to Francis of Assisi and following the Rule of St. ... Luther is a surname, and may refer to: Bill Luther, American politician Bobbi Sue Luther Charles Luther Frank Luther Hans Luther (15th century) Hans Luther, German politician and Chancellor of Germany Karl Theodor Robert Luther Margarethe Luther Martin Luther, German theologian and Augustinian monk who inspired and began the Protestant... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Interior of Cologne Cathedral Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...

The Thirty Year War (1618-1648) inflicted serious damage on Fritzlar and the neighboring villages, culminating with an outbreak of the black plague. The town's population dropped from about 2000 to merely 600, and it took 200 years before the inhabitants again numbered 2000. During the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) the town was occupied by French troops and parts of its fortifications were destroyed, along with the vineyards on the steep slope above the Eder river. The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally in the central European territory of the Holy Roman Empire, but also involving most of the major continental powers. ... Combatants Kingdom of Prussia Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland Electorate of Hanover Kingdom of Portugal Brunswick Hesse-Kassel Holy Roman/Austrian Empire Kingdom of France Russian Empire Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Naples and Sicily Kingdom of Sardinia The Seven Years War (1754...

In the early 18th century, the order of Ursuline nuns established a nunnery and school for girls. The word Ursuline is used to describe the following: Ursulines A Catholic religious order. ...

Modern age

In 1803, when all ecclesiatic states in Germany were abolished, Fritzlar was incorporated, together with Naumburg, as the nominal Principality of Fritzlar into the Electorate (principality) of Hesse-Kassel (Kurhessen). In 1821 it became the administrative center of the district (Kreis) Fritzlar. Hesse-Kassel in turn was annexed by Prussia in 1866, following the Austro-Prussian War in which the Elector had sided with Austria. In 1932 the district was merged with the neighboring district of Homberg to form the district of Fritzlar-Homberg. 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Prince-Bishop was the title given bishops who held secular powers, beside their inherent clerical power. ... // Background The German Mediatisation is a name applied to the series of mediatisations and secularisations which occurred in Germany during the Napoleonic Era (occurring 1795 - 1814AD). ... In politics, an electorate is the group of people entitled to vote in an election. ... Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel in German) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse. ... Capital Kassel Government Gau Gauleiter Karl Gerland Historical era World War II - Established 1 April, 1944 - Disestablished 19 September, 1945 Area - 1944 9,200 km2 3,552 sq mi Population - 1944 est. ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: Suum cuique Latin: To each his own Prussia at its peak, as leading state of the German Empire Capital KÃ¶nigsberg, later Berlin Political structure Duchy, Kingdom, Republic Duke1 - 1525â€“68 Albert I - 1688â€“1701 Frederick III King1 - 1701â€“13 Frederick I - 1888â€“1918 William II Prime Minister1,2... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Combatants Austria, Saxony, Bavaria, Baden, WÃ¼rttemberg, Hanover and some minor German States (formerly as the German Confederation) Prussia, Italy, and some minor German States Strength 600,000 Austrians and German allies 500,000 Prussians and German allies 300,000 Italians Casualties 20,000 dead or wounded 37,000 dead... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... Homberg is a small town in northern Hesse with about 15,000 inhabitants, and it is the seat of the Schwalm-Eder district. ...

In 1974, the three districts of Fritzlar-Homberg, Melsungen and Ziegenhain were combined into the new district Schwalm-Eder, with its administrative seat in Homberg (Efze). Melsungen is a small climatic spa in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, Germany. ... Schwalmstadt is the Schwalm-Eder districts biggest town, and is found in northern Hesse, Germany. ... Schwalm-Eder is a Kreis (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany. ... Homberg is a small town in northern Hesse with about 15,000 inhabitants, and it is the seat of the Schwalm-Eder district. ...

Today, Fritzlar is a service and market center for the surrounding area, with schools, hospital, and a sizeable military garrison with airfield.

Politics

Town council consists of 37 councillors. As of the last municipal election held on 26 March 2006, the seats are apportioned thus: March 26 is the 85th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (86th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

The town executive (Magistrat) consists of 10 members and the mayor. Three seats are held by the SPD, 4 by the CDU, and one seat each by the FWG, the FDP and the Greens. The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU - Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest conservative political party in Germany. ... SPD redirects here. ... BÃ¼ndnis 90/Die GrÃ¼nen (literally: Alliance 90/The Greens), the German Green Party, is a political party in Germany whose regional predecessors were founded in the late 1970s as part of the new social movements. ... The Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei - FDP) is a liberal political party in Germany. ...

Mayor Karl-Wilhelm Lange (CDU) was reëlected on 26 March 2006 with a 65.8% share of the vote. The independent candidate Hans Mertens got 34.2% of the vote. March 26 is the 85th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (86th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

Coat of arms

The civic coat of arms shows two red wheels joined by a cross of the same colour and the whole set from upper left to lower right (or upper right to lower left, heraldically speaking) on a silver background. As such, it bears a keen likeness to Mainz's civic coat of arms, simply having the colours reversed but showing the same "Double Wheel of Mainz", and this recalls the centuries-long allegiance that Fritzlar owed the Archbishopric of Mainz. A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ...

Town partnerships

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Burnham-on-Sea and Highbridge is a civil parish and town in the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, England. ... Somerset is a county in the south-west of England. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Country Italy Region Emilia-Romagna Province Province of Reggio Emilia (RE) Mayor Elevation 574 m Area 63. ... Emilia-Romagna is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ...

External links

Towns and municipalities in the district of Schwalm-Eder

onmouseover="pv(event, 191)" onmouseout="unpv(191)" style="">Bad Zwesten | Borken | Edermünde | Felsberg | Frielendorf | Fritzlar | Gilserberg | Gudensberg | Guxhagen | Homberg | Jesberg | Knüllwald | Körle | Malsfeld | Melsungen | Morschen | Neuental | Neukirchen | Niedenstein | Oberaula | Ottrau | Schrecksbach | Schwalmstadt | Schwarzenborn | Spangenberg | Wabern | Willingshausen Image File history File links Wappen_Schwalm-Eder-Kreis. ... Schwalm-Eder is a Kreis (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany. ... Bad Zwesten is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... Borken is a small town with about 13,000 inhabitants in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, Germany. ... EdermÃ¼nde is a community in northern Hesse, Germany. ... Felsberg is a small town in Hesse, Germany. ... Frielendorf is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district, Hesse, Germany. ... Gilserberg is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... Gudensberg is a small town in northern Hesse, Germany. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Homberg is a small town in northern Hesse with about 15,000 inhabitants, and it is the seat of the Schwalm-Eder district. ... Jesberg is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... KnÃ¼llwald is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... KÃ¶rle is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... Malsfeld is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany, on the river Fulda. ... Melsungen is a small climatic spa in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, Germany. ... Morschen is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... Neuental is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... Neukirchen is a small town in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... Niedenstein is a small town and an officially recognized climatic spa in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, Germany. ... Oberaula is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... Ottrau is a community in the Schwalm-Eder-Kreis in Hesse, Germany. ... Schrecksbach is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany. ... Schwalmstadt is the Schwalm-Eder districts biggest town, and is found in northern Hesse, Germany. ... Schwarzenborn, Germany, is Hesses smallest town. ... Spangenberg is a small town in northeastern Hesse, Germany. ... Wabern is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, Germany. ... Willingshausen is a community in the Schwalm-Eder in Hesse, Germany. ...

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