This page describes a type of scuba diver. For other uses of the word frogman, see Frogman (disambiguation)

The word "frogman" refers to military personnel who dive or are trained to dive in a military capacity, often in combat. Such divers are also known by the more formal names of combat diver or combat swimmer. Strictly speaking, "combat swimming" refers to surface swimming without a breathing apparatus for the purposes of coastal or ship infiltration, which is a traditional form of "frogman" activity and is thus an important feature of naval special operations. Early ideas of autonomous under-water systems appear in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea Scuba Diving is the use of independent breathing equipment to stay underwater for long periods for recreational diving and professional diving. ... Frogman has a number of meanings: Frogman is a tradename used since 1989 by The Frogman Tim Cotterill for his unique bronze frog sculptures. ...

In popular usage, the term Frogman might also refer to a civilian scuba diver. The word arose around 1940 from the appearance of a diver in shiny wetsuit and large fins. Though the preferred term by scuba users is "diver", the "frogman" epithet persists in informal usage by non-divers, especially in the media and often in reference to professional scuba divers such as in a police role. Also, some sport diving clubs include the word "Frogmen" in their names. Scuba diving is swimming underwater while using self-contained breathing equipment. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A scuba diver in usual sport diving gear SCUBA is an acronym for Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus. ... Scuba diving is swimming underwater while using self-contained breathing equipment. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

In the US Military, divers trained in scuba or CCUBA who deploy for military assault missions are called "combat swimmers". This term is used to refer to the Navy SEALs, the Marine Recon swimmers, the Army Ranger swimmers, and the Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) units. A rebreather is a type of breathing set that provides a breathing gas containing oxygen and recycles exhaled gas. ... SEALs in from the water. ... US Soldiers removing landmines Bomb disposal is the process by which hazardous devices are rendered safe. ...

In Britain, police divers have often been called "police frogmen". The first British police diver was a policeman who, needing to search underwater for evidence or a body, did not use a drag but went home and fetched his sport scuba gear. See also Ian Edward Fraser. Police diving is a branch of professional diving carried out by world police services. ... // For other uses, see Dredge (disambiguation). ... lan Edward Fraser (VC, DSC, RD & Bar) is an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ...

Some countries' frogman organizations include a translation of the word "frogman" in their official names, e.g. Denmark's "Frømandskorpset" and Norway's "Froskemanskorpset"; others call themselves "combat divers" or similar. Others call themselves by indefinite names such as "special group 13" and "special operations unit".

Many nations and some irregular armed groups deploy or have deployed combat frogmen.

Defending against frogmen

See anti-frogman techniques for details of detecting and combatting unwelcome frogman and scuba diver incursions. This article is about protecting craft and bases and installations and other places and areas in water or accessible from water, from intrusion by frogmen or other divers that may be a threat to security or property. ... Early ideas of autonomous under-water systems appear in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea Scuba Diving is the use of independent breathing equipment to stay underwater for long periods for recreational diving and professional diving. ...

Types of armed-forces divers

Military diving is a branch of professional diving carried out by armed forces. They may be divided into: Professional Diving is a type of diving where the divers are paid for their work. ... Alternate cover US 1979 and 2002 reissue cover, also known as paint spatter cover For the military meaning, see Armed forces. ...

• Combat / assault divers.
• Armed forces work divers (called Clearance Divers in the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy), who do general work underwater.
• Armed forces work divers who are trained in defusing mines and removing other explosives underwater.

These groups may overlap, and the same men may serve as assault divers and work divers, as in the Australian Clearance Diving Team (RAN). Clearance Diver is the British Navys official name for the usual sort of general-purpose naval work diver. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... Polish wz. ... For other nations commando frogmen, and information about frogmen in general, see Frogman. ...

Frogman training

Training armed forces divers, including combat divers, is far harder, longer, and more complicated than civilian sport scuba diver training, typically takes several weeks full-time, and the trainees must be at full armed forces fitness and discipline at the start. It needs much higher levels of fitness, and during the course there is often a high elimination rate of trainees who do not make the grade. For more details see the articles on each nation's frogman group below and their external links. Alternate cover US 1979 and 2002 reissue cover, also known as paint spatter cover For the military meaning, see Armed forces. ...

This contrasts with civilian sport scuba diving training which tends to be one evening a week, being 30 to 60 minutes swimming pool time, followed by two hours or so of dry meeting (often in a social-club-type environment with an open bar). The general environment at sport dives is liable to encourage what a naval diver-trainer would call "a casual tourist-type attitude to being underwater", rather than a disciplined attitude of obeying orders and not being distracted; some naval diver-trainers prefer, or will only accept, trainees who have no previous scuba diving experience. [1] For the 2003 film, see Swimming Pool (film). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A bar at the coach terminal, Udine, Italy A bar is the counter where drinks are mixed by a bartender, mainly in hotels, taverns and pubs. ...

For example, the PADI Open Water Diver (the most basic rank) course takes 5 dives in a swimming pool and 4 dives in open water (i.e. sea, lake, etc.); after the course the qualified diver is allowed to dive to 18 meters = 59 feet depth. The next step (Advanced Open Water Diver) allows him to dive to 30 meters (100 feet). A further Deep Diver Speciality course allows him to dive to 40 meters (130 feet) maximum, which is considered safe for civil scuba diving.^[1] The Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) is the worlds largest recreational diving membership organization and diver training organization. ... For the 2003 film, see Swimming Pool (film). ... This article is about the body of water. ... For other uses, see Lake (disambiguation). ... Advanced Open Water Diver (AOWD) is a scuba diving certification level provided by several diver training agencies, such as PADI, SSI and UEF. The certification level is roughly equivalent the CMAS ** Diver qualification, although some differences occur. ...

Equipment

For scuba diving gear in general, see Scuba set. A scuba diver in usual sport diving gear SCUBA is an acronym for Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus. ...

Breathing sets

Norwegian frogman from "Minedykkerkommandoen". He seems to be wearing an SDBA or Siva S-24 rebreather.

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It should be possible to replace this non-free image with a freely licensed one. If you can, please do so as soon as is practical.

Frogmen's breathing sets on covert operations should have particular features. Image File history File links MDK_dykker_370_17268a. ... Image File history File links MDK_dykker_370_17268a. ... A Norwegian Minedykkerkommandoen frogman. ... The SDBA is a type of frogmans rebreather breathing set. ... Siva is a model series of of frogmans rebreather made by Carleton Life Support. ... This article is about the breathing apparatus. ...

• Some are needed because they may need to swim fast and far.
• Some are needed to avoid detection.
• Sometimes patrol divers may have to be sent down to find or arrest submerged suspect divers. For reasons stated in Anti-frogman techniques#Sending other frogmen against them, underwater fights between divers are much rarer in reality than in fiction, and thus suitability of the frogman's kit for "diver to diver combat" is less important than some other features when designing it; but the point is considered here for completeness.

USA frogmen's rebreathers tended to have the breathing bag on the back before enclosed backpack-box rebreathers became common. This article is about protecting craft and bases and installations and other places and areas in water or accessible from water, from intrusion by frogmen or other divers that may be a threat to security or property. ...

Features needed

A frogman's breathing set should:

• Be as silent as possible in use.
• Have a full face diving mask:
  • • To let frogmen communicate underwater.
    • It is less easily knocked off underwater.
    • It is much less easily lost if the frogman goes unconscious underwater.
  • And see here. It should have as little as possible (e.g. an excessively bulky or projecting set/air valve) that can catch on things or that an attacker could easily grasp.
• Be a dull color to avoid being seen from out of the water. Many are black, but the Russian IDA71's backpack box is mostly dark green. No large bright-colored badges or manufacturer's logos.
• Contain as little iron or steel as possible, to avoid detection by magnetic sensors. This is also useful when the frogmen have to remove or defuse mines underwater.
• Be as light and agile as possible:
  • Be well streamlined, and as small and light as possible for the dive duration. With a combat diver this may mean removing safety features such as an open-circuit bailout that would add bulk. Long trailing hoses (e.g. regulator hoses) are easily fouled and or pulled at and add to drag. If an underwater fight, or a quick need to escape, develops, agility and lack of cumbersomeness could be vital. This applies to:
    • Streamlining in straight swimming, as he may have to swim fast and far.
    • Streamlining when he rolls over and twists about.
  • The diver's inertia when he must roll over quickly.
  • The risk of snagging on things in dark water, or being taken hold of by. The Russian IDA71 military and naval rebreather is a good example here.
• Have a long dive duration.
• The front of the frogman's abdomen should be clear so he can easily climb in and out of small boats or over obstacles, particularly out of the water.
• Its breathing bag should be toughened against stabbing and scratches, or safely inside a hard backpack box.
• All controls should be where the frogman can easily reach them, and not projecting. Turning the usual type of sport diving scuba's air off or on is easy for an attacker from above but difficult or impossible for the diver himself (and has been known to happen by itself when a diver pushes through thick kelp), unless the cylinder or cylinders are mounted inverted. However, that needs more pipework, and it is easy to bump the valvework on things, including when taking the set off.
• Its working parts and breathing tube or tubes should be safe from snagging on things in dark water, and from attack in an underwater fight, including in the risk of being "jumped" from above.
  • Long trailing breathing tubes or regulator hoses may snag on things in dark water and can easily be grasped and pulled.
  • Older Siebe Gorman-type rebreathers (see Siebe Gorman CDBA) had one breathing tube, which was in front of the chest and easier for the frogman to keep track of.

A diver in a pool wearing an AGA full face mask A diver wearing an Ocean Reef full face mask A full-face diving mask is a type of diving mask worn by SCUBA divers so that they can talk with the surface or other divers. ... A diver in a pool wearing an AGA full face mask A diver wearing an Ocean Reef full face mask A full-face diving mask is a type of diving mask worn by SCUBA divers so that they can talk with the surface or other divers. ... 3 views of a frogman with IDA rebreather The Russian IDA71 military and naval rebreather is an oxygen rebreather intended for use by naval and military divers. ... For other senses of this word, see magnetism (disambiguation). ... Polish wz. ... An object moving through a gas or liquid experiences a force in direction opposite to its motion. ... This article is about the breathing apparatus. ... The radius of gyration is a defined measure for the dimension of an object, a surface, or an ensemble of points. ... 3 views of a frogman with IDA rebreather The Russian IDA71 military and naval rebreather is an oxygen rebreather intended for use by naval and military divers. ... Families Alariaceae Chordaceae Laminariaceae Lessoniaceae Phyllariaceae Pseudochordaceae Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Siebe Gorman Ltd was a British company which developed diving equipment and breathing equipment and worked on commercial diving and underwater salvage projects. ... This article is about the breathing apparatus. ... The Siebe Gorman CDBA from three angles The Clearance Divers Breathing Apparatus (CDBA) is a type of rebreather made by Siebe Gorman in England. ...

Not open-circuit scuba

As a result, the frogman's breathing set should be fully closed circuit rebreather, preferably not semi-closed circuit and certainly not open-circuit scuba, because: This article is about the breathing apparatus. ... Inspiration closed circuit diving rebreather A rebreather is a type of breathing set that provides a breathing gas containing oxygen and recycles exhaled gas. ... A scuba diver in usual sport diving gear SCUBA is an acronym for Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus. ...

• Open-circuit scuba makes large amounts of bubbles, showing where the diver is.
• Open-circuit scuba makes noise (on exhalation, and regulator valve intake hiss as the diver breathes in) showing underwater listening devices where the diver is.
  • There have been experiments with making released air or gas come out through a diffuser, to break the bubbles up; this may sometimes work with the small amounts of gas that are sometimes released by rebreathers, but open-circuit scuba releases so much gas at every breath that a diffuser large enough to handle it without making breathing difficult would be too bulky and would interfere with streamlining. Holding the breath to avoid making noise at critical moments is not recommended and very risky: see diving hazards and precautions
• The bulk of an open-circuit set makes the diver heavy and cumbersome in rolling over and changing course or speed.
• The dive duration of open circuit sets is much shorter than the dive duration of naval rebreathers, in proportion to bulk. However, some "technical diving" rebreathers are very burdened with safety devices such as inflatable flotation and open-circuit bailout. (Some modern rebreathers, such as the Draeger, are lighter.) The rebreathers which are the most compact in proportion to dive duration are oxygen rebreathers, which are depth limited to about 8 meters = 26 feet due to the oxygen toxicity risk.

Link to French Wikipedia image of frogman with "Oxygers" rebreather The F70 type frigates (here, La Motte-Picquet) are fitted with VDS (Variable Depth Sonar) type DUBV43 or DUBV43C tugged sonars Sonar (sound navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation under water to navigate or to detect other watercraft. ... A diffuser is a device fitted over an underwater breathing sets blowoff hole to break up the resulting bubbles very small so they will not be seen from out of the water. ... Used most typically in competitive swimming, the streamline position is the position a swimmer takes underwater after pushing off a pool wall. ... Divers face specific physical and health risks when they go underwater (e. ... This article is about the breathing apparatus. ... Dräger is a big German firm who makes diving gear. ... This article is about the breathing apparatus. ... Oxygen toxicity or oxygen toxicity syndrome is severe hyperoxia caused by breathing oxygen at elevated partial pressures. ...

• The common sport open-circuit scuba set is not recommended for a fight against a trained naval or combat diver, because in any sort of underwater combat, a man with a large aqualung has a high rotation-inertia and is very unstreamlined in the twisting and turning involved in fighting and straight swimming, and his maneuvering is slowed critically compared to a man with a light streamlined rebreather with all parts close to his body.

Combat frogmen sometimes use open-circuit scuba sets during training and for operations where being detected or long distance swimming are not significant concerns. ... The radius of gyration is a defined measure for the dimension of an object, a surface, or an ensemble of points. ... In fluid dynamics, a streamline is the path that an imaginary massless particle would make if it followed the flow of a fluid in which it was embedded. ...

The Russian IDA71

The Russian IDA71 military and naval rebreather is a typical frogman set: 3 views of a frogman with IDA rebreather The Russian IDA71 military and naval rebreather is an oxygen rebreather intended for use by naval and military divers. ...

• Its working parts are in a hard smooth rounded metal backpack casing which has little that can snag on things or be easily grasped and pulled at. There is no mass of projecting valvework behind his neck to cause hydrodynamic drag and for an attacker to grasp.
• Its only external control is its on/off switch, which is on its right edge near the bottom where he can reach it easily, and does not stick out.
• It does have looping breathing tubes like an old-type aqualung, but these originate well apart next to where they come over his shoulders and do not have to reach across from the back of his neck. They can be strapped to the shoulder straps so they do not float up into big vulnerable loops behind the shoulders.
• When the frogman comes out of water quickly, the holes in the casing let contained water drain quickly, so he is quickly rid of the weight of that water.
• In oxygen rebreather mode it is said to last 4 hours on a filling.

...

Masks

Most frogmen use a full face diving mask instead of separate mouthpiece and mask. The older type of British frogman's and naval diving mask was full face and had a mouthpiece inside it. Some frogmen use a mouthpiece and noseclip or a mouth-and-nose (oro-nasal) breathing mask instead of a diving mask with eye windows, and special contact lenses to correct the vision refraction error caused by the eyeballs being directly submerged. This is to avoid a searchlight or other lights reflecting off the mask window and thus revealing his presence, but it exposes the eyeballs to any pollution, poison, or organisms in the water. A diver in a pool wearing an AGA full face mask A diver wearing an Ocean Reef full face mask A full-face diving mask is a type of diving mask worn by SCUBA divers so that they can talk with the surface or other divers. ... A diving mask Snorkeler wearing a soft silicone diving mask A diving mask is an item of diving equipment that allows scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers to see clearly underwater. ... A pair of contact lenses, positioned with the concave side facing upward. ... Refraction error is an error in the focussing of light by the human eye. ... Edisons classical searchlight cart. ... For other uses, see Eye (disambiguation). ... Air pollution Pollution is the introduction of pollutants (whether chemical substances, or energy such as noise, heat, or light) into the environment to such a point that its effects become harmful to human health, other living organisms, or the environment. ... For other uses, see Poison (disambiguation). ... Domains and Kingdoms Nanobes Acytota Cytota Bacteria Neomura Archaea Eukaryota Bikonta Apusozoa Rhizaria Excavata Archaeplastida Rhodophyta Glaucophyta Plantae Heterokontophyta Haptophyta Cryptophyta Alveolata Unikonta Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Choanozoa Fungi Animalia An ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Life on Earth redirects here. ...

The United States military has adopted Oceanic/Aeris's "Integrated Diver Display Mask". It is a basic "Heads-Up Display" that lets divers monitor depth, bottom time, tank pressures, and related information while leaving their hands free for other tasks. Look up Oceanic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Aeris Gainsborough (originally Aerith Gainsbourg in Tetsuya Nomuras art), is a major character from the video game Final Fantasy VII, and one of the main playable characters. ... The Integrated Diver Display Mask (IDDM) is a diving mask which contains a small basic heads-up display that lets divers monitor depth, bottom time, tank pressures, and related information while leaving their hands free for other tasks. ...

Fins

Another problem with a frogman who may have to come ashore and operate on land is the awkwardness of walking on land in fins, unless he plans to discard his kit and return to base by some other way than by diving, or if the frogmen plan to take and hold a position on land until other troops arrive. Some sport diving fins have the blade angled downwards for more effective swimming, but this makes walking on them more awkward. A pair of Viper® swimfins. ...

The usual solution is for the frogman to take his fins off and carry them, but that takes time and occupies a hand carrying them unless he can clip them in to his kit or thread an arm through the fins' straps.

Another type of fin that frogmen could use would have a lockable hinge which on land can be unlocked to let the fin blade hinge up out of the way when walking.

The first type of British naval swimming fin had a short blade which was even shorter at the big toe side: this made walking on land easier for such purposes as creeping up on a sentry from behind on land, but reduced swimming speed.

Diving suits

The frogman's diving suit should be a tough scratch-and-cut-resistant drysuit (perhaps reinforced with kevlar), and not a soft foam wetsuit. A wetsuit can be worn under the drysuit as a warm undersuit. In very warm water, a thin tough drysuit can be worn with no undersuit. drysuits are used in a number of sports to provide a barrier between the occupant and cold water. ... Kevlars molecular structure; BOLD: monomer unit; DASHED: hydrogen bonds. ... A surfer in a wetsuit. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Stub | Diving ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Stub | Diving ...

• For Bomb Disposal Operations, Canadian Naval Divers wear Bomb suits.

It should not have obvious bright colored patches, unit badges or the suit's maker's advertising. Diving sea-police types, however, may find that a unit badge is useful. A military unit is an organisation within an armed force. ... For other uses, see Badge (disambiguation) NY NJ Port Authority Police Department Badge. ... Advert redirects here. ...

Tools and weapons carried underwater

Weapons that can be carried by a frogman include:

• Knife: standard weapon.
• A speargun has been seen advertised in circumstances suggesting its use for combat and not for fishing.
• Firearms:
  • Russian APS underwater rifle
  • Russian ASM-DT Underwater Assault Rifle
  • Russian SPP-1 Underwater Pistol
  • Heckler & Koch P11 Underwater Pistol
  • Canadian Diemaco C7 and C8 assault rifles
• Many types of explosives may be used:
  • C-4, C13 grenade, and clay explosives
  • And, most famously, the limpet mine.
• Other tools include net-cutters.

// For a large mounted gun used to kill whales, see harpoon gun. ... Frogman with a Russian IDA71 rebreather, riding a Protei 5, carrying an APS Russian underwater rifle The APS Underwater Assault Rifle (5. ... The 4. ... Diemaco is a Canadian firearms and defence company. ... Preparing C-4 explosive C-4 or Composition C-4 is a common variety of military plastic explosive. ... The M67 grenade is a fragmentation hand grenade used by the US armed forces and Canadian forces - where it is referred to as the C13. ... Polish wz. ...

Transport for frogmen

Frogmen may approach their site of operation and return to base in various ways including:

• Swimming all the way.
• Canoes.
• Being dropped off and/or picked up by fast Rigid-hulled inflatable boats.
• In World War II, Italian and British frogmen used manned torpedoes to carry them to their targets. Some nations still keep manned torpedoes.
• Canadian Naval Divers use the Phantom Remote Operated Vehicle(ROV),the SeaDoo Sea Scooter,TAYUT

General Purpose Boat FDU(P),Yard Diving Tender (YDT) Sooke,and the YDT 11 FDU(P). This article is about the boat. ... Two RIBs at Castletown, Portland, England. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... CGI image of two frogmen with Siebe Gorman CDBA rebreathers riding a human torpedo. ...

• The Subskimmer and similar.
• Midget submarines such as the X-craft, the SDV or the US Advanced SEAL Delivery System ASDS which frogmen can exit and return to through an airlock.
• Full-sized submarines which frogmen can exit and return to, sometimes through a special airlock or through one of the sub's torpedo tubes. These two methods, like all methods, need precautions: this link (in Russian) describes a risky incident in diving from a submerged submarine: the sub was neutrally buoyant at the start, and the first frogman airlocking changed the sub's buoyancy, and the sub started to float up; in later dives the sub's captain ballasted the sub well to keep the sub on the seabed while frogmen were coming out or in.
• More powerful versions of sport-diving diver-tugs. Unmodified sport-diving diver-tugs are usually not powerful enough or not long enough duration on a battery recharging.
• The Protei 5 and similar. See Diver Propulsion Vehicle.
• Some frogmen are trained to parachute in to their site of operation. The backpack box of the Russian IDA71 frogman's rebreather has two metal clips to fasten to a parachute harness.

CGI image of three frogmen riding a Subskimmer underwater. ... For other uses, see Submarine (disambiguation). ... The X class was a World War II midget submarine class built for the Royal Navy during 1943–44. ... Mark 8 mod 1 SDV The Swimmer Delivery Vehicle (SDV) is a manned submersible used to deliver United States Navy SEALs and their equipment for special operations missions. ... Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ASDS) is a midget submarine operated by the United States Navy and SOCOM, designed to provide stealthy submerged transportation for special forces, primarily U.S. Navy SEALs, from the decks of nuclear submarines. ... A glovebox for handling air-sensitive substances. ... For other uses, see Submarine (disambiguation). ... A glovebox for handling air-sensitive substances. ... Torpedo tubes of the French SNLE Redoutable A torpedo tube is a device for launching torpedoes in a horizontal direction. ... A glovebox for handling air-sensitive substances. ... A Diver Propulsion Vehicle or a DPV is an item of diving equipment used by scuba divers to increase their range while underwater where their endurance is restricted due to limited availability of breathing gas and need to avoid decompression sickness. ... A Diver Propulsion Vehicle or a DPV is an item of diving equipment used by scuba divers to increase their range while underwater where their endurance is restricted due to limited availability of breathing gas and need to avoid decompression sickness. ... Frogman with a Russian IDA71 rebreather, riding a Protei 5, carrying an APS Russian underwater rifle The Protei-5 is a small Russian one-man diver-carrying vehicle intended for use by commando frogmen such as those in the Spetsnaz. ... A Diver Propulsion Vehicle or a DPV is an item of diving equipment used by scuba divers to increase their range while underwater where their endurance is restricted due to limited availability of breathing gas and need to avoid decompression sickness. ... This article is about the device. ... 3 views of a frogman with IDA rebreather The Russian IDA71 military and naval rebreather is an oxygen rebreather intended for use by naval and military divers. ...

Types of frogman operations

• Amphibious assault: stealthy deployment of land or boarding forces. The vast majority of Combat Swimmer missions are simply to get "from here to there" and arrive suitably equipped and in sufficient physical condition to fight on arrival. The deployment of tactical forces using the arrival by water to assault land targets, drilling platforms, or surface ship targets (as in boardings for seizure of evidence), is a major driver behind the equipping and training of combat swimmers. The purposes are many, but include feint and deception, anti-drug, law enforcement, anti-terrorism, and anti-proliferation missions.
• Sabotage: This includes putting limpet mines on ships.
• Clandestine surveying: Surveying a beach before a troop landing, or other forms of unauthorized underwater surveying in denied waters. The article "Riding on Proton" by Afonchenko (in Russian) may describe in passing a Soviet Bloc frogman infiltration into South Korean sea.
• Clandestine underwater work, e.g.:
  • Recovering underwater objects.
  • Clandestine fitting of monitoring devices on underwater communication cables in enemy waters.
• Investigating unidentified divers, or a sonar echo that may be unidentified divers. Diving sea-police work may be included here. See anti-frogman techniques.
• Checking ships, boats, structures, and harbors for limpet mines and other sabotage; and ordinary routine maintenance in war conditions. If the inspection divers during this find attacking frogmen laying mines, this category may merge into the previous category.
• Underwater mine clearance and bomb disposal.

A drilling rig is a structure housing equipment used to drill into underground reservoirs for water, oil, or natural gas, or into sub-surface mineral deposits. ... For other uses, see Drug (disambiguation). ... For the band, see The Police. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... The word proliferation can refer to: Nuclear proliferation Chemical weapon proliferation the spread in use of other weapons systems Cell proliferation According to Gloria Anzaldúa (1990), the difference between appropriation and proliferation is that the first steals and harms; the second helps heal breaches of knowledge. ... Polish wz. ... During the Cold War, the Eastern Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) comprised the following Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Albania (until the early 1960s, see below), the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia. ... See: espionage, urban exploration, entryism, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. ... For Korea as a whole, see Korea. ... This article is about protecting craft and bases and installations and other places and areas in water or accessible from water, from intrusion by frogmen or other divers that may be a threat to security or property. ... For other uses, see Ship (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Boat (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Harbor (disambiguation). ... Polish wz. ... Polish wz. ... The Longest Walk: a British Army ATO approaches a suspect device in Northern Ireland. ...

Mission descriptions

The U.S. and UK forces use these official definitions for mission descriptors:

• Stealthy - Keeping out of sight (e.g. underwater) when approaching the target.
• Covert - Carrying out an action which the enemy may become aware of, but it cannot easily be discovered who or what did it. Covert action often involves military force which cannot be hidden once it has happened. Stealth on approach, and frequently on departure, may be used.
• Clandestine - It is intended that the enemy does not find out then or afterwards that the action has happened. Installing eavesdropping devices is the best example. Approach, installing the devices, and departure are all to be kept from the knowledge of the enemy. If the operation or its purpose is exposed, then the actor will usually make sure that the action at least remains "covert", or unattributable: e.g. ("...the secretary will disavow any knowledge of your actions.")

F-117 Stealth Fighter Stealth technology covers a range of techniques used with aircraft, ships and missiles, in order to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar and other detection methods. ... Secrecy is the condition of hiding information from others. ... Look up clandestine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... To eavesdrop is to surreptitiously overhear a private conversation. ... In several countries, Secretary of State is a senior government position. ...

Derivative word usages

• Some scuba diving clubs have an entry class called "Tadpoles" for younger children who want to start scuba diving.
• Royal Navy men have a slang term "pond life" to mean civilian sport divers.

Scuba diving is swimming underwater while using self-contained breathing equipment. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Tadpole (disambiguation). ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ...

Errors about frogmen found in public media

Wrong use of the word "frogman"

A new English translation of the book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea uses the word "frogman" uniformly and wrongly to mean a diver in standard diving dress or similar, to translate French scaphandrier. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is a classic science fiction novel by French writer Jules Verne (1828–1905), published in 1870 under the title Vingt mille lieues sous les mers. ... The standard diving dress was used from its invention in 1837 until replaced by the rise of SCUBA and other modern diving outfits in the 1960s. ...

Supposed ancient scuba divers/frogmen

Ancient Assyrian stone carvings show images which some have supposed to be frogmen with crude breathing sets. However, the "breathing set" was merely a goatskin float used to cross a river, and its "breathing tube" was to inflate it by mouth. See timeline of underwater technology. For other uses, see Assyria (disambiguation). ... This article is about the domestic species. ... Timeline of underwater technology // Pre-industrial Several centuries BC: (Relief carvings made at this time show Assyrian soldiers crossing rivers using inflated goatskin floats. ...

Mistakes in fiction

Aqualungs

Many comics have depicted combat frogmen and other covert divers using two-cylinder twin-hose open-circuit aqualungs. All real covert frogmen use rebreathers because the stream of bubbles from an open-circuit set would give away the diver. See comedian Stand up comedian List of Comedians List of British comedians comics comic book comic strip underground comics alternative comics web comic sprite comics manga graphic novel List of comic characters This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... ... This article is about the breathing apparatus. ...

Many aqualungs have been anachronistically depicted in comics in stories set during World War II, when in reality aqualungs were unknown outside Jacques-Yves Cousteau and his close associates in Toulon in south France. Some aqualungs were smuggled out of occupied France during the war (these may have been Commeinhes aqualungs), but the aqualung for the most part was not a player in combat in World War II. Look up Anachronism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... See comedian Stand up comedian List of Comedians List of British comedians comics comic book comic strip underground comics alternative comics web comic sprite comics manga graphic novel List of comic characters This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Jacques-Yves ousteau in 1976. ... Panorama of Toulon area. ... Timeline of underwater technology // Pre-industrial Several centuries BC: (Relief carvings made at this time show Assyrian soldiers crossing rivers using inflated goatskin floats. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

The movie The Frogmen also made this mistake, using three-cylindered aqualungs, as in this image. DESCO were making three-cylinder constant flow sets that lacked the demand valve of the aqualung, but they were rarely deployed in the war, and the preferred system was the rebreather developed by Dr. Christian J. Lambertsen. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Industrial compressed gas cylinders used for oxy-fuel welding and cutting of steel. ... DESCO is a diving equipment maker which was first organized in 1937 in Wisconsin in the USA as Diving Equipment and Salvage Co. ... A diving regulator is a gas pressure regulator used as a part of the Aqualung apparatus supplying SCUBA divers with breathing gas at ambient pressure. ... A diving regulator is a gas pressure regulator used as a part of the Aqualung apparatus supplying SCUBA divers with breathing gas at ambient pressure. ... This article is about the breathing apparatus. ... Dr. Christian J. Lambertsen developed US Navy frogmens rebreathers in the early 1940s for underwater warfare. ...

Ian Edward Fraser V.C. in 1957 wrote a book Frogman V.C. about his experiences. Whoever designed its dust cover depicted a frogman placing a limpet mine on a ship, wearing a breathing set with twin over-the-shoulder wide breathing tubes emitting bubbles like an aqualung. [2] [3]. lan Edward Fraser (VC, DSC, RD & Bar) is an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... The dust jacket (sometimes dust wrapper or dust cover) of a book is the outer cover, which is often both detachable and illustrated. ... A naval mine is a stationary self-contained explosive device placed in water, to destroy ships and/or submarines. ...

Drawing and artwork

There have been thousands of drawings (mostly in comics, some elsewhere) of combat frogmen and other scuba divers with two-cylinder twin-hose aqualungs shown wrongly with one wide breathing tube coming straight out of each cylinder top with no regulator, far more than of twin-hose aqualungs drawn correctly with a regulator, or of combat frogmen with rebreathers. See this image for the correct layout. See comedian Stand up comedian List of Comedians List of British comedians comics comic book comic strip underground comics alternative comics web comic sprite comics manga graphic novel List of comic characters This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... ... A gas pressure regulator has one or more valves in series, which let the gas out of a gas cylinder in a controlled way, lowering its pressure at each stage. ... Old-type twin-hose aqualung This work is copyrighted, and used with permission. ...

This recent painting or CGI-type image on a website advertising the CSDS-85 frogman-detector sonar shows (bottom left corner) a frogman using open-circuit scuba complete with bubbles carrying a flying-saucer-shaped object which is likely meant to be a limpet mine. This article is about protecting craft and bases and installations and other places and areas in water or accessible from water, from intrusion by frogmen or other divers that may be a threat to security or property. ... The term Open circuit may refer to: Open-circuit voltage, the difference of electrical potential between two terminals of a device when there is no external load connected Open-circuit scuba, a type of SCUBA-diving equipment where the user breathes from the set and then exhales to the surroundings... UFO redirects here. ... A naval mine is a stationary self-contained explosive device placed in water, to destroy ships and/or submarines. ...

Movies and fiction

Frogman-type operations have featured in many comics, books, and movies. Some try to reconstruct real events; others are completely fictional. Some make mistakes as described above. Examples are: See comedian Stand up comedian List of Comedians List of British comedians comics comic book comic strip underground comics alternative comics web comic sprite comics manga graphic novel List of comic characters This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... For other uses, see Book (disambiguation). ... This article is about motion pictures. ...

• The 1951 film The Frogmen, made by Twentieth Century Fox, shows some United States frogman operations against the Japanese in World War II, but with wrong kit (see above).
• Listed at Human torpedo#Movies and fiction.
• Listed at United States Navy SEALs in fiction.

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Related articles FOX Television Network Fox Searchlight Pictures Fox Entertainment Group List of Hollywood movie studios List of movies Variant of current 20th Century Fox logo External links 20th Century Fox Movies official site Twentieth Century Fox is also the punning title of a song by The Doors on their... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... // CGI image of two frogmen with Siebe Gorman CDBA rebreathers riding a human torpedo. ... This is a list of occurrences of United States Navy SEALs in fiction. ...

History

In ancient Roman and Greek times, etc, there were many instances of men swimming or diving for combat, but they always had to hold their breath, and had no diving equipment, except sometimes a hollow plant stem used as a snorkel. See the first part of the page at this link (in Portuguese). Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... A snorkeler amid corals on a coral reef near Fiji. ...

The first known frogmen-type operations using breathing apparatus were by the Italian Decima Flottiglia MAS, which formed in 1938 and was in action first in 1940. See Timeline of underwater technology and each of the nations' frogman unit links below. The Decima Flottiglia MAS (Decima Flottiglia Mezzi dAssalto, also known as La Decima or Xª MAS) (Italian for 10th Assault Vehicle Flotilla) was an Italian commando frogman unit created during the Fascist government. ... Timeline of underwater technology // Pre-industrial Several centuries BC: (Relief carvings made at this time show Assyrian soldiers crossing rivers using inflated goatskin floats. ...

Nations with military diving groups

Italy started World War II with a commando frogman force already trained. Britain, Germany, the United States, and the Soviet Union started commando frogman forces during World War II. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Argentina

The Buzos Tácticos is Argentina's combat frogmen force. Buzos Tácticos is a combat divers commando company of the Argentine Navy. ...

Austria

See Military of Austria#Austrian commando frogmen. The name of the Military of Austria is Bundesheer (Federal Army). Between 1918 and 1921, the Austrian semi-regular army was called Volkswehr (Peoples Defence), and fought against Yugoslavian army units occupying parts of Carinthia. ...

Australia

The Clearance Diving Team (RAN) is Australia's combat frogman and underwater work force. For other nations commando frogmen, and information about frogmen in general, see Frogman. ...

Brazil

See Brazilian commando frogmen. The Brazilian Navy has two frogman units:- The GRUMEC (Grupo de Mergulhadores de Combate - Combat Divers Group) attached to the Submarine Force. ...

Canada

See Canadian armed forces divers

Denmark

See Danish Frogman Corps The Danish Frogman Corps (Danish: Frømandskorpset) is an elite special forces frogman corps in the Royal Danish Navy. ...

Eritrea

During Eritrea's war of independence against Ethiopia, the rebel forces had a combat frogman force. After the war, some of those frogman were retrained as dive guides for the sport scuba diving tourism trade. Tourist redirects here. ...

Finnish diver insignia

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Finland

The Finnish Navy has trained Finnish combat divers since 1954. Conscripts and career military are eligible to apply for the training. Annually about 20 conscripts are trained for diving duties. Applying for combat diver training is voluntary, and the selection criteria are stringent.^[2] The conscript divers are trained either for anti-mine or for commando operations while career personnel may also be trained for deep-sea diving duty.^[3] All conscript divers receive at least NCO training during their 12-month service period. The Finnish Navy (Finnish: Suomen merivoimat, Swedish: Finländska marinen) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. ... The term Conscript may refer to people enlisted in the armed forces through conscription. ... Polish wz. ... For other uses, see Commando (disambiguation). ... A non-commissioned officer (sometimes noncommissioned officer), also known as an NCO or Noncom, is an enlisted member of an armed force who has been given authority by a commissioned officer. ...

France

See French commando frogmen France has a large commando frogman tradition. ...

Germany

See German commando frogmen This article is about Germanys commando frogmen. ...

India

The MCU is the elite naval special operations unit of the Indian Navy that undertakes underwater combat. See MARCOS. // A Marine Commando with the MP5 submachine gun. ...

Indonesia

The TNI-AL/Indonesian Navy Underwater Combat Unit is called Kopaska. Kopaska (TNI-AL/Indonesian Navy frogman|(Underwater Combat Unit) is an Indonesian navy forces unit. ...

Israel

It is reported that Israel's combat frogmen are among the most effective compared to their numbers and are said to have been in many operations. They started in 1948. See Shayetet 13. Shayetet 13 ( שייטת 13 ) is the Israeli naval commando elite special forces unit. ...

Italy

See Italian commando frogmen COMSUBIN (in full Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei ed Incursori Teseo Tesei) is modern Italys combat frogman force. ...

Malaysia

Malaysia has a special-forces naval unit called Paskal. It includes frogmen. For other possible meanings, see Pascal. ...

Mexico

See Fuerzas Especiales. The Fuerzas Especiales (Special Forces or FES) is special operations unit of the Mexican Navy, and was oficially established in late 2001. ...

Netherlands

The Netherlands's Amphibious Reconnaissance Platoon is part of the Special Forces unit of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps. Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

New Zealand

See http://www.navy.mil.nz/visit-the-base/rnzn-college/dive-school.htm . The New Zealand Navy trains all NZ Army, NZ Police, and NZ Customs divers. Military Dive Training support is also supplied to Singapore, Malaysia, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa. The Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) is the navy of New Zealand. ... The New Zealand Army (or NZ Army) is the land armed force of the New Zealand military and comprises around 4,500 regular personnel and 2,500 non-regulars and civilians. ... The New Zealand Police (Ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa in Māori) is the national police force of New Zealand, responsible for enforcing criminal and traffic law, enhancing public safety, maintaining order and keeping the peace throughout the country. ... The Customs Service (In Māori, Te Mana Arai o Aotearoa) is a state sector organisation of New Zealand whose role is to provide border control and protect the community from potential risks arising from international trade and travel, as well as collecting duties and taxes on imports to the...

Norway

Norway's commando frogmen corps is called Froskemanskorpset = "the frogman corps". It is part of Marinejegerkommandoen = "the marine hunter command", which is something like the British SBS. MJK specialises in maritime and coastal operations. ... This article is about a military unit. ... MJK specialises in maritime and coastal operations. ... The Special Boat Service (SBS) is the British Royal Navys special forces unit. ...

Norway has a clearance diver group called Minedykkerkommandoen = "the mine diver command". Clearance Diver is the British Navys official name for the usual sort of general-purpose naval work diver. ... A Norwegian Minedykkerkommandoen frogman. ... Polish wz. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Professional diving. ... Command has multiple meanings: An order. ...

Pakistan

Pakistan Army's SSG also has a unit in the Pakistan Navy modeled on the USA Navy SEALs: NSSG, otherwise known as SSGN. The SSGN currently has a headquarters in Karachi headed by Pakistan Navy Commander. It has a strength of one company and is assigned to unconventional warfare operations in the coastal regions. During war it is assigned to Midget submarines. All other training is similar to the Army SSG with specific marine oriented inputs provided at its Headquarters. The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 9th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ... SEALs in from the water. ... SSGN is the United States Navy hull classification symbol for a cruise missile submarine. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...   (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Pakistan Navy (Urdu: پاک بحریہ) is the naval wing of the Pakistan military. ... A midget submarine is a small submarine, typically with one or two crew and no on-board living accommodation. ...

Philippines

For the Philippines' military frogman corps, see Naval Special Warfare Group. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Philippine Navy Special Warfare Group. ...

Poland

Three Polish military divisions train and deploy frogmen in military operations. Most known are GROM water operations division, 1st special commando regiment and Special Operations Section of Polish Navy - Formoza. Polish frogmen operators are confirmed to use these weapons: Official force name Other names GROM Grupa Reagowania Operacyjno-Manewrowego Polish Army GROM Force Branch Polish Army Chain of Command Directly subordinate to Polish Ministry of Defence Description Special Operations Force, rapidly deployable light infantry force. ...

• WIST 94 9 mm pistol
• H&K USP 9 mm pistol
• H&K MP-5, MP-5SD 9 mm sub-machine gun
• Pm-84P Glauberyt 9 mm sub-machine gun
• PKM/PKSM 7.62 mm sub-machine gun
• Beryl 5.56 mm assault rifle
• AKM 7.62 mm assault rifle

The Polish army uses French OXY-NG2 closed-circuit apparatus. This article is about the breathing apparatus. ...

Portugal

See Destacamentos de Mergulhadores Sapadores The Destacamentos de Mergulhadores Sapadores (Sapper Divers Detachments) are the Portuguese Navys combat divers unit. ...

Russia

See Russian commando frogmen. Боевой Пловец (Boyevoy Plovets, combat swimmer) is a Russian term for members of a special purpose unit of Spetsnaz (Russian Special Forces). ...

Serbia

Serbian diver from 93RC

See 93 River Center 93 River Center is units in the Serbian Army. ... 93 River Center is units in the Serbian Army. ...

Singapore

See Naval Diving Unit (Singapore) The Naval Diving Unit (NDU) is a Special Forces unit of the Republic of Singapore Navy, and is regularly tasked in salvage operations, underwater mine demolition and commando-type warfare. ...

South Africa

See Naval Diving Unit (South Africa)

Spain

Spain has been training combat divers and swimmers since 1967. Two units in the Spanish Navy currently operate under a Naval Special Warfare mandate: The Spanish Navy (in Spanish, Armada Española) is the maritime arm of the Spanish Military. ...

• UOE (Special Operations Unit) - All aspects of maritime special operations at sea, on land, and by air.
• UEBC (Specialist Combat Diver Unit) - Mainly hydrographic surveys and underwater demolitions.

There are working plans to fuse the two units into a single "Naval Special Warfare Unit" (UGNE), while maintaining their functional distinctiveness. The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland. ...

Sweden

• The Reconnaissance Platoon, also referred to colloquially as the Attack Divers (A-dyk). They conduct long range reconnaissance missions behind enemy lines, sabotage, clearing beach obstacles, hydrographic surveys, and although combat is not their priority, they have a limited ability to conduct direct action missions such as ambushes. Between 6 and 10 are trained each year. The Reconnaissance Platoon is a commando unit, belonging to the amphibious battalion of the Swedish Navy. They offer one of the hardest and most demanding training regimens in the Swedish armed forces.
• Navy EOD-divers (Röjdyk)
• Army divers (FArb-dykare) Underwater welding, obstacle clearence, underwater demolition and repairs. Belongs to the engineer troops.
• Pioneer divers (Pionjärdyk) of the amphibious battalion. Underwater obstacle clearance, repairs and EOD on land.
• Navy attack divers. (Flottan A-dyk) Underwater sabotage on enemy ships and harbours. The unit was disbanded in 1979.
  • See Swedish Amphibious Corps.

Mixed reconnaissance patrol of the Polish Home Army and the Soviet Red Army during Operation Tempest, 1944 Reconnaissance is the military term for the active gathering of information about an enemy, or other conditions, by physical observation. ... For other uses, see Sabotage (disambiguation). ... Hydrography is the measurement of physical characteristics of waters and marginal land. ... An ambush is a long established military tactic in which an ambushing force uses concealment to attack an enemy that passes its position. ... For other uses, see Commando (disambiguation). ... The Swedish Naval Ensign Coat of arms of the Swedish Navy The Swedish Navy (Swedish: Marinen) is the naval branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. ... The Swedish Armed Forces, or Försvarsmakten, is a Government agency responsible for the peacetime operation of the armed forces of Sweden. ... Amfibiekåren (the Amphibious Corps) is the coastal defence arm of the Swedish Navy. ...

Tamil Eelam

The Sea Tigers (sea branch of the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka) have frogmen. See Sea Tigers#Frogmen LTTE Sea Tiger head, Colonel Soosai on a Sea Tiger vessel off Mullaitivu Sea Tigers is the naval part of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, founded in 1984 [1]. The Sea Tigers have a number of small, but very effective suicide-bomber vessels [2]. During its existence it has... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... LTTE Sea Tiger head, Colonel Soosai on a Sea Tiger vessel off Mullaitivu Sea Tigers is the naval part of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, founded in 1984 [1]. The Sea Tigers have a number of small, but very effective suicide-bomber vessels [2]. During its existence it has...

Turkey

Underwater search and Finding Commership is the unit gives diving services in Turkey. Also it give deepwater diving and mine diving lessons to officers and petty officers. They become 1. Class Divers. Su Altı Taaruz commandos are high level divers. SAT commandos of the Turkish Navy Su Altı Taaruz (SAT) is one of two special ops units of the turkish navy (the other being Su Altı Savunma SAS). ...

United Kingdom

See:

• British commando frogmen for a list of their World War II operations.
• Special Boat Service
• Royal Engineers Specialist - Diver
• Naval Clearance Divers
• Clearance Diver.

Britains commando frogman force is now the SBS, which is part of the Royal Marines. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Special Boat Service (SBS) is the British Royal Navys special forces unit. ... Clearance Diver is the British Navys official name for the usual sort of general-purpose naval work diver. ...

United States

See USA armed forces divers

References

1. ^ 30 m is recommended as the normal maximum
2. ^ Finnish Navy: Sukeltajakurssi - valintakoelajit Retrieved 2/14/2007. In Finnish
3. ^ Finnish Navy: Sukeltajakurssi - tehtävä Retrieved 2/14/2007

External links

• http://www.tropaselite.hpg.ig.com.br/mergulhadores_de_combate.htm (in Portuguese, includes images)
• Images of LAR-6 and LAR-7 and FGT II and LAR V rebreathers, and other combat frogman's kit