The crucifixthe cross with the figure of Jesus upon ithad already been established in use; at first, the figure was painted or in bas-relief, a style surviving in the Christian East.
Devotion to the cross as a symbol of the Passion is an outstanding development (from the 11th cent.) in the history of Christian piety; it has ever since been an essential part of the public and private religious life of Roman Catholics.
The cross was the badge of the Crusades and was adopted as the emblem of the Templars, of the Knights Hospitalers (Knights of Malta), and of the Teutonic Knights.
Mangers usually were rectangular boxes hewn out of limestone or cut from the natural stone of the cave used as a stall.
The second reference to the manger in the story takes us to a scene away from the stall where the Child was born to the beauty of the night on the hills of Bethlehem.
In the presence of the Child lying in the manger the response is adoration.
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