The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page.

This article is about the French political party, not the WWII French resistance movement Front national.

The National Front (FN, French: Front national) is a far-right, nationalist political party in France, founded in 1972 by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The FN claims to have 60,000 members.^[1] In the French presidential election of 2002, National Front candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen finished a distant second to Jacques Chirac in a runoff election. Far right, extreme right, ultra-right, radical right, or hard right are terms used to discuss the relative position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum. ... Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Portrait of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the mid-1990s (in a publicity image from the Front National party). ... The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... Jacques René Chirac (born 29 November 1932 in Paris) is a French politician and the current President of the French Republic. ...

Although the party describes itself as a "mainstream right" organization (a rarity among French right-wing parties, usually affected by sinistrisme^[2]), observers in the media and scholars depict the party as "far right"^[3] or even "extreme right;"^{[4] [5]} and as "racist", while groups such as the Anti-Defamation League have accused it of being "anti-semitic."^{[6] [7]}. In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply The Right, are terms that refer to the segment of the political spectrum often associated with any of several strains of conservatism, the religious right, and areas of classical liberalism, or simply the opposite of left-wing politics. ... Sinistrisme is a neologism invented by Albert Thibaudet in Les idées politiques de la France (1932). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ... The term far-right refers to the relative position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum. ... 1. ... The Anti-Defamation League (or ADL) is an organization founded by Bnai Brith in the United States whose stated aim is to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Leadership

Jean-Marie le Pen in a publicity image from the party website. The slogan is, "Proud to be French."

Jean-Marie Le Pen has led the party since its foundation. Other major members are: Image File history File links National_Front2. ... Image File history File links National_Front2. ... Portrait of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the mid-1990s (in a publicity image from the Front National party). ...

• Bruno Gollnisch, general delegate of the Front national
• Carl Lang, general secretary
• Roger Holeindre, vice-president, and a former member of the OAS

Other prominent members include: Bruno Gollnisch is a French academic and politician. ... Carl Lang (born 20 September 1957) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France. ... Roger Holeindre (Corrano, Corsica, March 21, 1929) is a French politician, vice-president of the National Front (FN) far-right party. ... The Organisation de larmée secrète (OAS; Secret Army Organization) was a short-lived French right-wing terrorist group formed in January 1961 to resist the granting of independence to the French colony of Algeria (Algérie française). ...

• Marine Le Pen, Jean-Marie's daughter, who ran an unsuccessful campaign in the 2004 regional elections in the Île-de-France région
• Roland Gaucher, a co-founder of the party (and a collaborationist under the Vichy regime)

Occasionally, Le Pen's leadership has been questioned. In a widely publicized move, Bruno Mégret and other major National Front members split away in 1998 to form a new party, the National Republican Movement (Mouvement national républicain - MNR), alleging that Le Pen's provocative comments and his management style were limiting the National Front to being a marginal opposition party, without any possibility of gaining power ^[8]. This led to a major purge and reorganization of the leadership of the Front National. Marine le Pen (born August 5, 1968) is a French politician. ... Regional elections were held in France on March 21 and March 28, 2004. ... Capital Paris Land area¹ 12,011 km² Regional President Jean-Paul Huchon (PS) (since 1998) Population  - Jan. ... France is divided into 26 régions: 21 of these are in the continental part of metropolitan France, one is Corse on the island of Corsica (although strictly speaking Corse is in fact a territorial collectivity, not a région, but is referred to as a région in common... Roland Gaucher is the pseudonym of Roland Goguillot, a French far-right journalist born on April 13, 1919. ... Collaboration, literally, consists of working together with one or more other people. ... Vichy France (French: now called Régime de Vichy or Vichy; called itself at the time État Français, or French State) was the French state of 1940-1944 which was a puppet government under Nazi influence, as opposed to the Free French Forces, based first in London and later in Algiers. ... Bruno Mégret (born April 4, 1949) is a French politician. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... The National Republican Movement (Mouvement National Républicain or MNR) is a French right-wing political party, created by Bruno Mégret as a split from Jean-Marie Le Pens National Front. ...

A National Front political poster. The text reads, "Immigrants are going to vote...and you're abstaining?"

Image File history File links National_Front. ... Image File history File links National_Front. ...

Political platform

The Front National posts a comprehensive political platform on its website. Amongst other things it argues for:-

• a return to more "traditional" values: to include making access to abortion more difficult or illegal; paying women to stay at home and raise children; refusing "aberrant" cultures such as modern art and gay culture; promoting certain local traditional culture
• compulsory military service
• greater independence from the European Union and other international organizations
• the establishment of tariffs or other protectionist measures against cheap imports
• reinstatement of the death penalty

The party opposes immigration, particularly Muslim immigration from North Africa, West Africa and the Middle East. In a standardized pamphlet delivered to all French electors in the 1995 presidential election, Jean-Marie Le Pen proposed the "sending back" of "three million non-Europeans" out of France, by "humane and dignified means". ^[9] Modern art is a general term used for most of the artistic production from the late 19th century until approximately the 1970s. ... See labrys, black triangle. ... Folklore is the body of verbal expressive culture, including tales, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs current among a particular population, comprising the oral tradition of that culture, subculture, or group. ... National Service in the 20th century referred primarily to conscription for military service. ... For the political science journal, see: International Organization An international organization (also called intergovernmental organization) is an organization of international scope or character. ... A tariff is a tax on imported goods. ... Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between nations, through methods such as high tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, a variety of restrictive government regulations designed to discourage imports, and anti-dumping laws in an attempt to protect domestic industries in a particular nation from foreign take-over... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the State as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offenses. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان) is an adherent of Islam. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Second Round First Round See also: President of France, France, Politics of France Categories: Elections in France | 1995 elections ...

In the campaign for the 2002 French presidential election, the stress was more on issues of law and order. Recurrent National Front themes include tougher law enforcement, higher sentences for all crimes and the reinstatement of the death penalty. The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... For the band, see The Police. ... In law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the State as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offenses. ...

The Front National regularly campaigns against the "establishment", which encompasses the other political parties and most journalists. Le Pen lumped all major parties (French Communist Party (PCF), French Socialist Party (PS), Union for French Democracy (UDF), Rally for the Republic (RPR)) into the "Gang of Four" (an allusion to China's "Cultural Revolution"). According to the Front National, the French right-wing parties are not true right-wing parties, and are almost indistinguishable from the "Socialo-Communist" left. The Establishment is a slang term (chiefly in British and Commonwealth English) for a traditional conservative ruling class and its institutions. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The French Communist Party (French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of communism. ... The emblem of the French Socialist Party The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste or PS), founded in 1969, is the main opposition party in France. ... The Union for French Democracy, also known by its French acronym UDF (Union pour la Démocratie Française), is a French centrist political party. ... The Rally for the Republic, also known by its French acronym RPR (Rassemblement pour la République), was a French political party. ... The Gang of Four on trial The Gang of Four (Simplified: 四人帮; Traditional: 四人幫; Hanyu Pinyin: ) was a group of Communist Party leaders in the Peoples Republic of China who were arrested and removed from their positions in 1976, following the death of Mao Zedong, and were blamed for the events... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The Nature of this platform

The FN is described by political scientist Pierre-André Taguieff as "national-populism". In 1988, René Rémond took the same epithet and spoke of a "resurgence of populism" (Notre siècle, 1988). René Rémond considers the FN as the main representative of the far-right family in France. However, Rémond believes that the FN has accepted the inheritance of the 1789 Revolution, which is disputed by Michel Winock and Pascal Perrineau (Histoire de l'extrême droite en France) who cites Le Pen's statements against the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen as opposition to the French Revolution. Winock also defines the FN as the conjunction of all far-right French traditions: the counter-revolutionaries, the pétainistes (collaborationists under Vichy France), fascists and members of the OAS terrorist group. Pierre-Andre Taguieff, born at 1946 in Paris is a philosopher and political economist, director of research at CNRS (in a Institut dEtudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) laboratory, the CEVIPOF). ... René Rémond (born in 1918) is a French historian and political economist. ... Liberty Leading the People, a painting by Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830 but which has come to be generally accepted as symbolic of French popular uprisings against the monarchy in general. ... Michel Winock (1937) is a French historian, whom studied among others things on anti-Semitism and far right movements. ... Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: Revolutionary patriotism borrows familiar iconography of the Ten Commandments Wikisource has original text related to this article: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: La... A counterrevolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part. ... France under German occupation 1940-44 Presidential flag of Vichy France For other uses of Vichy, see Vichy (disambiguation). ... Collaboration, literally, consists of working together with one or more other people. ... France under German occupation 1940-44 Presidential flag of Vichy France For other uses of Vichy, see Vichy (disambiguation). ... The Organisation de larmée secrète (OAS; Secret Army Organization) was a short-lived French right-wing terrorist group formed in January 1961 to resist the granting of independence to the French colony of Algeria (Algérie française). ...

Elsewhere Pierre Milza and Guy Antonetti refuse to class the FN as a fascist party, while Michel Dobry defines it as a party with fascist tendencies. Robert Paxton considers that fascist ideology may come back under the guises of the FN. Fascism is a radical political ideology that combines elements of corporatism, authoritarianism, nationalism, militarism, anti-anarchism, anti-communism and anti-liberalism. ... Robert Paxton (b 1932) is a historian who worked on Vichy France. ...

History

The FN was born out of the second congress of the Ordre nouveau (New Order) far right movement on June 10-11, 1972, when it was decided to create a party to participate in the 1973 legislative elections. The party was formally announced on October 5, 1972, under the name of Front national pour l'unité française (National Front for French Unity), called Front National. Jean-Marie Le Pen became its first and only president until this day, while François Brigneau, Roger Holeindre and Jean-Pierre Stirbois formed the Bureau national (National Office). Roger Holeindre (Corrano, Corsica, March 21, 1929) is a French politician, vice-president of the National Front (FN) far-right party. ...

The party didn't have any relevant electoral successes until the beginning of the 1980s, in part because of competition from the Parti des forces nouvelles. However, in 1982, Jean-Pierre Stirbois gained one of the first victories for Le Pen's party, scoring 12,6% in Dreux. During the June 17, 1984 European elections, the party obtained 10 deputies. The FN then gained 35 seats at the March 16, 1986 elections, taking advantage of the new proportional ballot. Dreux is a town and commune in northwest France, in the Eure-et-Loir département. ...

In 1988 Bruno Mégret became the general secretary of the FN, overshading Jean-Pierre Stirbois, whom died the same year. Carl Lang and Bruno Gollnisch were then promoted by Mégret to senior levels within the party. Royalists such as Michel de Rostolan, Thibault de la Tocnaye and Olivier d'Ormesson also joined the FN in the 1980s, recognizing in it a continuity of the Action Française royalist movement. Bruno Mégret (born April 4, 1949) is a French politician. ... Carl Lang (born 20 September 1957) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France. ... Bruno Gollnisch is a French academic and politician. ... Look up Royalist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Action Française is a French Monarchist movement and periodical founded by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois and whose principal ideologist was Charles Maurras. ...

In December 1998, Bruno Mégret, at that time still number 2 in the FN, quit the party to found what would become the MNR. Today, in addition to the MNR, the FN also faces opposition from Philippe de Villiers' MPF, which shares similar ideas and has seen several former FN members join it, amongst whom are Jacques Bompard, mayor of Orange. Philippe de Villiers Philippe de Villiers (born March 25, 1949 as Viscount Philippe le Jolis de Villiers de Saintignon) is a French conservative politician. ... Maturation promoting factor (abbreviated MPF, also called mitosis-promoting factor) is a heterodimeric protein composed of cyclin (cyclin B, a mitotic cyclin) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1, also known as Cdc2) that stimulates the mitotic and meotic cell cycles. ... Wiktionary has related dictionary definitions, such as: orange Orange has several meanings. ...

A different history

The neutrality and factual accuracy of this section are disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page.

Bruno Gollnisch, professor of Chinese at Lyon III university, was suspended for five years on charge of historical revisionist discourses held on October 11, 2005. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Image File history File links Circle-question-red. ... Bruno Gollnisch is a French academic and politician. ... Three of the main sights in Lyon, the Cathedral St-Jean, the Basilica Notre Dame de Fourvière, and the Tour métallique de Fourvière City flag City coat of arms Motto: (Franco-Provençal: Forward, forward, Lyon the best) Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 9... Historical revisionism is the attempt to change commonly held ideas about the past. ...

On January 7, 2005, Jean-Marie Le Pen declared in far-right newspaper Rivarol that the German's occupation "hadn't been so inhumane" ^[10]. On 13 September 1987 he had already referred to the Nazi gas chambers as "a point of detail of the Second World War." In accordance with the 1990 Gayssot Act prohibiting revisionism, he was at the time condemned to pay 1,2 millions Francs (183,200 Euros) ^[11] January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Majdanek - crematorium Extermination camp (German Vernichtungslager) was the term applied to a group of death camps set up by Nazi Germany during World War II for the express purpose of killing the Jews of Europe, although members of some other groups whom the Nazis wished to exterminate, such as Roma... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The Gayssot Act (Loi Gayssot), voted for on July 13, 1990, makes it an offense in France to question the existence of the category of crimes against humanity as defined in the London Charter of 1945, on the basis of which Nazi leaders were convicted by the International Military Tribunal...

Some FN activists have been prosecuted for illegal acts : on May 1, 1995, Brahim Bouraam was pushed into the Seine River by four FN activists ^{[12] [13]}. In December 1997, skinhead David Beaune was judged in Le Havre for the death of Imad Bouhoud ^{[14] [15] [16]}. In 1998, young Comorian Ibrahim Ali, 17 years old, was shot dead by three FN billstickers (15 years, 10 years and 2 years of prison for the group) ^{[12] [17]}. This article is about the river in France; it should not be confused with the Senne, a much smaller river that flows through Brussels. ... Nazi-Skinheads are a right wing subculture that developed in the United Kingdom in the first half of the 1980s. ... Location within France Abbey of Graville, Le Havre An old house in Le Havre Church of St. ... Motto: Unité - Justice - Progrès (French, Unity, justice, progress) Anthem: Udzima wa ya Masiwa Capital Moroni Largest city Moroni Official language(s) Shikomor, Arabic, French Government Federal Republic  - President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi Independence From France   - Date July 6, 1975  Area    - Total 2,170 km² (178th)   838 sq mi   - Water... Ibrahim Ali (1978-1995) was a seventeen-year-old man killed in Marseille, France, in 1995. ...

Electoral successes

Municipalities

The Front National (FN) has been elected in several municipalities, typically where there is unemployment and tension between local people and immigrants. The party has tended to cut back on social services for immigrants as well as cultural activities deemed "anti-family" or "multicultural." Spending has been redirected to the municipal police and other services.

One of the party's earliest successes came in the city of Dreux, when in 1983 they won the city council and deputy mayorship, amid rising unemployment and ethnic tensions. In Orange the Front National reduced school spending by 50%. In Vitrolles 150 civil employees were fired, while the police force was expanded from 34 to 70 officers. During the election campaign, members of the Department of Protection-Security (DPS) shot and killed 17-year old Ibrahim Ali. In Vitrolles, the party sought to give 500 euros to the families of each French baby born, but was unable to do so for constitutional reasons. In Vitrolles the director of the cinema was fired because he had shown a movie about homosexuality and AIDS. Dreux is a town and commune in northwest France, in the Eure-et-Loir département. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Roman theatre at Orange, France Orange (Arenjo in Provençal) is a city in the département of Vaucluse, in the south of France. ... Vitrolles is a small town and commune in southern France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône département, where the Front National once held the majority. ... Department of Protection-Security (DPS) or Département Protection et Sécurité is the security branch of the Front National political party of France. ... Ibrahim Ali (1978-1995) was a seventeen-year-old man killed in Marseille, France, in 1995. ... The word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings over time. ... Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS or Aids) is a collection of symptoms and infections in humans resulting from the specific damage to the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ...

The FN has made some electoral alliances with other right-wing parties between 1977 and 1992. The RPR condemned them in September 1988, as did the Parti républicain latter do in 1991. Regional alliances (Charles Millon, leader of La Droite) were then sometimes passed. RPR can refer to: The Syphilis test Rapid Plasma Reagin Rassemblement pour la République - a French Gaullist political party. ... The Republican Party was a French right-wing political party founded in 1977. ... The Right (La Droite) is a political party in France, founded in 1998 by Charles Millon following his expulsion of the Union for French Democracy due to alliances passed with the National Front, which allowed him to get elected at the presidency of the Rhône-Alpes regional council. ...

2002 presidential election

In the 2002 presidential election many commentators were shocked when Jean-Marie Le Pen gained the second highest number of votes, and thus entered the second voting round. Almost all had expected the second ballot to be between Jacques Chirac and Lionel Jospin. This result came after the election campaign had increasingly focused on law and order issues, with some particularly striking cases of juvenile delinquency catching the attention of the media, and low voter turnout. Furthermore, Jospin had been weakened by multiple candidacies from his own political block. The election brought the two round voting system into question as well as raising concerns about apathy and the way in which the left had become so divided. After huge demonstrations against the FN, Chirac went on to win the presidency in an overwhelming landslide (83%), aided by ubiquitous support in the media and academia, while Le Pen's constituency was either ridiculed or ignored by the French press. Even Jospin himself urged voters to choose "the lesser of two evils". The day of the election, France's most popular national newspaper, Le Monde, featured a front page article entitled "Chirac, bien sûr" ("Chirac, of course"). The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... Jacques René Chirac (born 29 November 1932 in Paris) is a French politician and the current President of the French Republic. ... Lionel Robert Jospin (born July 12, 1937 in Meudon, a suburb of Paris) is a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997-2002. ... An example of runoff voting. ... Le Monde is a French daily evening newspaper with a circulation in 2002 of 389,200. ...

European issues

The Front National was also one of several parties that backed France's 2005 rejection of the treaty for a European Constitution. In Le Pen's opinion, France should not join any organization that could overrule its own national decisions. The FN is the leading member of Euronat, which gathers the most radical "euronationalist" parties. In the European Parliament, it is part of the non-inscrits parties. Euronat (also known as EuroNet and Euro-Nat) is/was an effort by Jean-Marie Le Pen of Front National to gather all the Euronationalist parties of Europe. ... The European Parliament building in Strasbourg The inside of the building The European Parliament (formerly European Parliamentary Assembly) is the parliamentary body of the European Union (EU), directly elected by EU citizens once every five years. ... Non-Inscrits (English: Non-Attached; the English name is also official, but the French name is prevalent even in English texts) are Members of the European Parliament who do not sit in one of the political groups. ...

Saint Pois, Normandy : a poster found in front of a house in that village early in December 2005 and which has not been removed. The text reads "You are screwing France -- Pull out!"

Image File history File links SaintPoisCT.jpg‎ Summary Author: David Lawn; own photograph; rights released Authors email: letters@my-normandy. ... Image File history File links SaintPoisCT.jpg‎ Summary Author: David Lawn; own photograph; rights released Authors email: letters@my-normandy. ... Mont Saint Michel, one of the famous symbols of Normandy. ...

Elections

The Palais Bourbon, front The French National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale) is one of the two houses of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place on March 12 and 19, 1978 to elect the 6th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place on June 14 and 21, 1981 to elect the 7th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... The French legislative election took place on March 16, 1986 to elect the 8th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place on June 5 and 12, 1988 to elect the 9th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place on March 21 and 28, 1993 to elect the 10th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place in May 25 and June 1, 1997 to elect the 11th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... These are the results of the French legislative election of 2002 Category: ... The President of the French Republic (French: Président de la République française) colloquially referred to as President of France, is Frances elected Head of State and also the ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra and Grand Master of the Légion dhonneur. ... Second Round First Round See also President of France France Politics of France Categories: | | ... Portrait of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the mid-1990s (in a publicity image from the Front National party). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Second Round First Round See also President of France France Politics of France Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in France | 1988 elections ... Portrait of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the mid-1990s (in a publicity image from the Front National party). ... Second Round First Round See also: President of France, France, Politics of France Categories: Elections in France | 1995 elections ... Portrait of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the mid-1990s (in a publicity image from the Front National party). ... The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... Portrait of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the mid-1990s (in a publicity image from the Front National party). ... The European Parliament building in Strasbourg The inside of the building The European Parliament (formerly European Parliamentary Assembly) is the parliamentary body of the European Union (EU), directly elected by EU citizens once every five years. ... Elections to the European Parliament were held in France on June 13, 2004. ...

See also

• Islam in France

All these statistics must be taken with some caution: since 1872, the French Republic does not require religion or ethnic origin in its census information or other official polls. ...

References

1. ^ http://www.frontnational.com/lefn_organigrammes_adherents.php
2. ^ Sinistrisme is a tendency to disavow a link to the political right, and claim one is on the side of the political left. It was common in France, and the term also exists in Italy. "At the 1974 presidential election, only one candidate declared himself as belonging to the right-wing: Jean-Marie Le Pen, in 1981, no one." (René Rémond, Les Droites en France, p.391, Aubier, 1982 — new edition of La Droite en France, 1954)
3. ^ http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/eurounion/story/haider
4. ^ Hainsworth, Paul. 2000. "The Front National: From Ascendancy to Fragmentation on the French Extreme Right." In The Politics of the Extreme Right, ed. Paul Hainsworth, 18-31. London: Pinter.
5. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1969847.stm
6. ^ http://www.adl.org/international/le-pen_new.asp
7. ^ http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw97-8/france.html
8. ^ http://www.bruno-megret.com/article.php3?cat=10&id=358
9. ^ http://www.irr.org.uk/europebulletin/france/extreme_right_politics/1995/ak000006.html
10. ^ Le Pen: L'Occupation allemande "n'a pas été aussi inhumaine"
11. ^ "Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoyé devant la justice pour ses propos sur l'Occupation", Le Monde, July 13, 2006
12. ^ ^a b Mouloud Aounit: "No to 'ordinary racism'" (president of the MRAP — Movement Against Racism and For Frienship Between Peoples), in L'Humanité, May 21, 1998
13. ^ Rapport de la Commission d’enquête parlementaire sur le DPS -- Official report of the inquiery commission of the French Parliament regarding the DPS militia, cited on Voltaire Network's website
14. ^ Mort d'Imad Bouhoud: le deuxième skinhead arrêté au Portugal, in L'Humanité, June 3, 1995
15. ^ French skinhead gets 18 years for murder, BBC News Monitoring, December 13, 1997
16. ^ Flambée de colère au Havre contre les skinheads qui ont noyé Imad, L'Humanité, May 24, 1995
17. ^ Enfin des excuses aux parents d'Ibrahim Ali, in L'Humanité, June 19, 1998

Sinistrisme is a neologism invented by Albert Thibaudet in Les idées politiques de la France (1932). ... Second Round First Round See also President of France France Politics of France Categories: | | ... Portrait of Jean-Marie Le Pen in the mid-1990s (in a publicity image from the Front National party). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... René Rémond (born in 1918) is a French historian and political economist. ... Le Monde is a French daily evening newspaper with a circulation in 2002 of 389,200. ... Insert non-formatted text here July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... MRAP stands for Mouvement contre le racisme et pour lamitié entre les peuples (Movement Against Racism and for Frienship between People), and is an anti-racist French NGO, created in 1941. ... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was the only French newspaper owned by a political party. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Réseau Voltaire (Voltaire Network) is a international non-profit organisation, based in Paris with offices in London and Lima, which states it aims at promoting liberty and laïcité. Chairman : Thierry Meyssan (France) Deputy chairmen : Sandro Cruz (Peru), Issa El-Ayoubi (Lebanon) The Voltaire Network publishes a daily... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was the only French newspaper owned by a political party. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was the only French newspaper owned by a political party. ... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was the only French newspaper owned by a political party. ...

External links

• Front National homepage
• The Guardian: The true face of the National Front
• 1995 presidential election
• Brookings Institution analysis of anti-Semitic violence in France and the rise of Front National
• University of Sunderland analysis of Front National, published 1998
• BBC News report of the party split in 1999
• FYI France, "The Front National" (extensive bibliography, works in English & French & other)
• True Fascists of the New Europe, by Pat Buchanan, column dated April 30, 2002.