A front projection effect is an in-camera visual effects process in film production for combining foreground performance with pre-filmed background footage. An in-camera effect is any special effect in a video or movie that is created solely by using techniques in and on the camera and/or its parts. ... Visual effects (vfx) is the term given to a sub-category of special effects in which images or film frames are created or manipulated for film and video. ... Film production on location in Newark, New Jersey. ...

How front projection works

In contrast to rear projection, in front projection the background image is projected on to both the performer and the background screen. This is achieved by having a screen made of Scotchlite, a product of the 3M company that is also used to make screens for movie theatres. Scotchlite is made from millions of glass beads cut in half and affixed to the surface of the cloth. These glass beads reflect light back only in the direction in which it came, and at many times the magnitude. In fact, Scotchlite is 1000 times more reflective than the human body. Scotchlite (TM) is a material made by the 3M company that is made of millions of glass beads cut in half and affixed to the surface. ... This article is about the American company, for the Russian company involved in a pyramid scheme, see MMM (pyramid) 3M Company NYSE: MMM (formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company until 2002) is an American corporation with a worldwide presence that produces over 55,000 products, including adhesives, abrasives, laminates, electronic... A typical megaplex (AMC Rolling Hills 20 in Rolling Hills Estates, California). ... Scotchlite (TM) is a material made by the 3M company that is made of millions of glass beads cut in half and affixed to the surface. ... This article refers to the material. ... Scotchlite (TM) is a material made by the 3M company that is made of millions of glass beads cut in half and affixed to the surface. ...

The actor (or horse or spaceship, etc.) performs in front of the Scotchlite with a movie camera pointing straight at him. In front of the movie camera is a one-way mirror angled at 45 degrees. At 90 degrees to the camera is a projector which casts a faint image of the background on to the one-way mirror which then reflects the image back at the performer and the Scotchlite; the image is too faint to appear on the actor but will show up clearly on the Scotchlite. In this way, the actor becomes his own matte. The combined image is then reflected back through the one-way mirror and is recorded by the camera. Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The Horse (Equus caballus) is a sizeable ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... Ariane 5 lifts off with the Rosetta probe on 2nd of March, 2004. ... Scotchlite (TM) is a material made by the 3M company that is made of millions of glass beads cut in half and affixed to the surface. ... The Arricam ST, a popular 35 mm film camera currently used on major productions. ... The Arricam ST, a popular 35 mm film camera currently used on major productions. ... Projectors are used for displaying an image on a projection screen or similar surface for the view of an audience. ... Scotchlite (TM) is a material made by the 3M company that is made of millions of glass beads cut in half and affixed to the surface. ... Scotchlite (TM) is a material made by the 3M company that is made of millions of glass beads cut in half and affixed to the surface. ... Matte can take on one of at least two distinct meanings. ...

Front projection was first used on 2001: A Space Odyssey for the “Dawn of Man” sequence. The actors in ape suits were filmed on a stage at Elstree and combined with footage of Africa. (The effect is almost flawless except for the glowing cheetah's eyes reflecting back the light.) A movie poster from the original release of 2001 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) is an immensely popular and influential science fiction film and book; the film directed by Stanley Kubrick and the book written by Arthur C. Clarke. ... Families Hylobatidae Hominidae Apes are the members of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates, including humans. ... Elstree is a small village in Hertfordshire on the A5, north of London, most famous for giving its name to the Elstree Film Studios in nearby Borehamwood where a number of famous British films were made. ... Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. ... Binomial name Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1775) The Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is an atypical member of the cat family (Felidae) that hunts by speed rather than by stealth or pack tactics. ...

Zoptics

Front projection was chosen as the main method for shooting Christopher Reeve's flying scenes in Superman: The Movie. However, they still faced the problem of having Reeve actually fly in front of the camera. Yugoslav effects wizard Zoran Perisic devised a new refinement to front projection that involved placing a zoom lens on both the movie camera and the projector. These zoom lenses were synched by computer so as the camera zooms in, the projector zooms out, or vice versa. The background grows smaller and the actor grows bigger; thus Superman flies towards the camera. Perisic called this technique Zoptics. The process was also used in the three Superman sequels, Santa Claus: The Movie and Perisic's sole film as director Sky Bandits (a.ka. Gunbus.) Christopher Reeve (September 25, 1952 – October 10, 2004) was an American actor, director, producer and writer renowned for his film portrayal of Superman/Kal-El/Clark Kent in four films from 1978-1987. ... Christopher Reeve as the Man of Steel, Superman Superman, also known as Superman: The Movie, is a 1978 Warner Bros. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages, in Cyrillic Југославија) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... A Canon Inc. ... The Arricam ST, a popular 35 mm film camera currently used on major productions. ... Projectors are used for displaying an image on a projection screen or similar surface for the view of an audience. ... A computer is a machine capable of undergoing complex calculations. ... Superman, aka the Man of Steel, is a fictional character and superhero who first appeared in Action Comics #1 in 1938, and has for several decades been one of the most popular and well-known comic book icons. ... Superman, aka the Man of Steel, is a fictional character and superhero who first appeared in Action Comics #1 in 1938, and has for several decades been one of the most popular and well-known comic book icons. ... Generally a director is a person or one of a body of persons appointed to manage the affairs of a government agency, company, corporation, group or project. ... The Vickers F.B.5 Gunbus was the first operational British aircraft purpose-built for air-to-air combat, making it debatably the worlds first true fighter aircraft. ...

IntroVision

In Front projection, light from the projector that travels through the one-way mirror is “soaked up” by black velvet. In IntroVision, the black velvet is replaced by another Scotchlite screen that reflects the image back towards the performer. Thus, the same image appears from two different sources creating a more “3D” effect. IntroVision was first used in Outland to combine star Sean Connery with models of the Io mining colony. It was also used in Under Siege, Army of Darkness and The Fugitive, where it placed Harrison Ford on top of a model bus that was then rammed by a model train. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Outland has several meanings: Outland (comic) Outland (movie) Outland (shop) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sean Connery as James Bond 007 in Goldfinger. ... Io or io may stand for: In Greek mythology, Io (IPA or ) was the daughter of Inachus, a river god. ... Under Siege is a 1992 action film in the Die Hard mold. ... This article is about the 1993 Evil Dead film Army of Darkness. For the wrestling team, go to The Army of Darkness. ... The Fugitive is the name of at least two major fictional fictional works which have been reproduced in a variety of media. ... Harrison Ford Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an American actor who, between 1977 and 1983, appeared in what were then the top ten highest-grossing movies of all time. ...

Front projection phased out

Front projection had several advantages over its main rival blue screen. It didn't have the thick black outlines that sometimes appear on blue screen films. It was less time consuming - and therefore less expensive - than the long process of optically separating and combining the background and foreground images using an optical printer. It allowed the director (if not necessarily the actors) to see the background and call out necessary adjustments (“Jump now, Harrison!”). And, especially with Zoptics, it was a more flexible system that allowed for more complex sequences that could be attempted at the time with blue screen. However, advancements in green screen and CGI animation have rendered front projection obsolete. The last major blockbuster to extensively use front projection was the Sylvester Stallone action thriller Cliffhanger. Blue screen can mean one of several things: Blue screen of death is a common type of error in the computer operating system MS Windows. ... Blue screen can mean one of several things: Blue screen of death is a common type of error in the computer operating system MS Windows. ... An optical printer with two projector heads, used in producing movie special effects. ... Blue screen can mean one of several things: Blue screen of death is a common type of error in the computer operating system MS Windows. ... The IBM PC with green screen Green screen was the common name for a monochrome CRT computer display using a green P1 phosphor screen. ... The pseudopod in The Abyss marked CGIs acceptance in the visual effects industry. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Blockbuster motion picture. ... Sylvester Stallone, 1970, 24 years old, in his first movie. ... A cliffhanger or cliffhanger ending is a plot device in which a movie or novel contains an abrupt ending, often leaving the main characters in a precarious or difficult situation. ...

See also

• Film production