Fuchsia is a genus of flowering plants, mostly shrubs, which were identified by Charles Plumier in the late 17th century, and named by Plumier in 1703 after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566). The English vernacular name Fuchsia is the same as the scientific name. Most English speakers pronounce the word illogically - as if it were spelled "fuschia" For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... A broom shrub in flower A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ... Charles Plumier (April 20, 1646-November 20, 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the genus Plumeria (originally named Plumiera) is named. ... Charles Plumier (April 20, 1646-November 20, 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the genus Plumeria (originally named Plumiera) is named. ... Leonhart Fuchs (17 January 1501 – 10 May 1566) was a medic and a botanist. ...

Description

There are about 100–110 species of Fuchsia. The great majority are native to South America, but with a few occurring north through Central America to Mexico, and also several on New Zealand, and Tahiti. One species, Fuchsia magellanica, extends as far as the southern tip of South America on Tierra del Fuego in the cool temperate zone, but the majority are tropical or subtropical. Most fuchsias are shrubs from 0.2–4 m (8 in-13 ft) tall, but one New Zealand species, Kotukutuku (Fuchsia excorticata), is unusual in the genus in being a tree, growing up to 12–15 m (39-49 ft) tall. South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Tierra del Fuego Cerro Sombrero Village, Chile. ... For the usage in virology, see temperate (virology). ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... Subtropical (or semitropical) areas are those adjacent to the tropics, usually roughly defined as the ranges 23. ... Binomial name Fuschia excorticata (Forst. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ...

Fuchsia leaves are opposite or in whorls of 3–5, simple lanceolate and usually have serrated margins (entire in some species), 1–25 cm long, and can be either deciduous or evergreen depending on the species. The flowers are very decorative pendulous "eardrop" shape, borne in profusion throughout the summer and autumn, and all year in tropical species. They have four long, slender, sepals and four shorter, broader, petals; in many species the sepals are bright red and the petals purple (colours that attract the hummingbirds that pollinate them), but the colours can vary from white to dark red, purple-blue, and orange. A few have yellowish tones, and recent hybrids have added the color white in various combinations. The ovary is inferior and the fruit is a small (5–25 mm) dark reddish green, deep red, or deep purple edible epigynous berry containing numerous very small seeds. Many people describe the fruit as having a subtle grape flavor spiced with black pepper. Look up foliage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Deciduous means temporary or tending to fall off (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off) and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally. ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... For other uses, see Flower (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Hummingbird (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... Remnants of the floral parts are clearly evident on these immature banana fruits, demonstrating that the fruit is developing from an inferior ovary A blueberry carries the five sepals of the flower at the tip, showing that the berry forms below the flower. ... It has been suggested that Veraison be merged into this article or section. ... Binomial name L. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. ...

Species

Felix Munz in his The Genus Fuchsia classified the genus into seven sections of 100 species. The majority of species, 94 of them, originate in Central and South America, West Indies, Haiti and Cuba. The other 6 species were found in New Zealand and Tahiti.

The vast majority of garden hybrids have descended from a few parent species.^[1]

Section 1: Quelusia

Fuchsia regia

Species in this section have the nectary fused to the base of the hypanthium (tube). The hypanthium is cylinder shaped and is generally no longer than the sepals. The stamens are long and extend beyond the corolla (petals) (exserted). Image File history File links Size of this preview: 767 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2360 × 1844 pixel, file size: 654 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 767 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2360 × 1844 pixel, file size: 654 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

• Fuchsia bracelinae
• Fuchsia coccinea
• Fuchsia campos-portoi
• Fuchsia hybrida
• Fuchsia magellanica
• Fuchsia regia
• F. r. 'alpestris' syn Fuchsia alpestris

Species About 100; see text Fuchsia is a genus of flowering plants, mostly shrubs, which were identified by Charles Plumier in the late 17th century, and named by Linnaeus in 1753 after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501-1566). ...

Section 2: Eufuchsia

Eufuchsia is the largest section of fuchsias. Flowers are perfect with convolute petals erect stamens that may or may not project beyond the corolla, the stamens opposite the petals are shorter. The fruit has many seeds.

Fuchsia boliviana

Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 409 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 880 pixel, file size: 129 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo of Fuchsia boliviana at the San Francisco Botanical Garden, taken June 2005 by User:Stan Shebs File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 409 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 880 pixel, file size: 129 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photo of Fuchsia boliviana at the San Francisco Botanical Garden, taken June 2005 by User:Stan Shebs File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file... Binomial name I.M.Johnst. ... Binomial name Kunth Fuchsia loxensis is a species of plant in the Onagraceae family. ... Binomial name Benth. ...

Section 3: Kierschlegeria

This section possesses a single species. This species has pedicels which are in the axils and are pendulous. The leaves are sparse and the sepals are reflexed and slightly shorter than the tube.

• Fuchsia lycioides

Section 4: Skinnera

The main characteristics of this section include a floral tube that is swollen above the ovary (future fruit). The sepals curve back on themselves and the petals are small or near absent.

• Fuchsia colensoi
• Fuchsia cyrtandroides
• Fuchsia excorticata
• Fuchsia perscandens
• Fuchsia procumbens

Binomial name Fuschia excorticata (Forst. ...

Section 5: Hemsleyella

The species in this section are characterised by a nectary that is fused with the base of the flower tube with petals that are partly or completely lacking.

Section 6: Schufia

Plants in this section have flowers that are erect on the plant in a corymb like panicle. White-fruited Rowan (Sorbus glabrescens) corymb; note the branched structure A panicle is a compound raceme; a branched, indeterminate inflorescence with pedicellate flowers (and fruit) attached along the secondary branches (in another words, a branched cluster of flowers in which the branches are racemes). ... White-fruited Rowan (Sorbus glabrescens) corymb; note the branched structures holding the fruits. ...

• Fuchsia arborescens
• Fuchsia paniculata

Section 6a: Jimenezia

• Fuchsia jimenezia

Section 7: Encliandra

Flowers on species in this section have flat petals, short stamens and are reflexed into the tube. Fruits contain few seeds.

Cultivation

Fuchsia magellanica

Fuchsias are popular garden shrubs, and once planted will give years of pleasure for minimal amount of care. The British Fuchsia Society maintain a list of "hardy" fuchsias that have been proven to survive a number of winters throughout Britain and to be back in flower each year by July. Enthusiasts report that hundreds and even thousands of hybrids survive and prosper throughout the British Isles. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1050 × 700 pixel, file size: 101 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1050 × 700 pixel, file size: 101 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Fuchsias from sections Quelusia (F magellanica and variants, F regia, etc), encliandra (and some encliandra hybrids will flower 365 days continuously), Skinnera (F excorticata, F perscandens) and Procumbentes (F procumbens makes a great groundcover plant) are proven to be hardy in widespread areas of Britain. Some of the more temperate species will survive outdoors in the more temperate areas, though may not always flower in the average British summer.

Pests and diseases

Main article: List of fuchsia diseases

Fuchsias are eaten by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera, such as the Elephant Hawk-moth. This article is a list of diseases of fuchsias (Fuchsia × hybrida). ... This article is about a form of an insect. ... The order Lepidoptera is the second most speciose order in the class Insecta and includes the butterflies, moths and skippers. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 The Elephant Hawk-moth (Deilephila elpenor) is a large moth of the Sphingidae family. ...

Pronunciation

While the original pronunciation from the word's German origin is "fook-sya" /ˈfʊksja/, most English speakers tend to say "fyew'sha" /ˈfjuːʃə/. As a result, the word is often subjected to misspellings such as "fushcia" or "fuschia". In English, the other acceptable pronunciation is "fyewk'see-ah", which is somewhat truer to the word's origin.

History

Leonhart Fuchs (1501-1566) (Farbig)

Leonhart Fuchs was born in 1501. He occupied the chair of Medicine at the Tübingen University from the age of 34 until his death, on the 10th May 1566. Besides his medical knowledge, according to his record of activities which was extensive for the time, he studied plants. This was natural, for most of the remedies of the time were herbal and the two subjects were often inseparable. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Leonhart Fuchs (17 January 1501 – 10 May 1566) was a medic and a botanist. ... Leonhart Fuchs (17 January 1501 – 10 May 1566) was a medic and a botanist. ... Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen (German: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen) is a state-supported university located on the Neckar river, in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... An herbal is a book, often illustrated, that describes the appearance, medical properties, and other characteristics of plants used in herbal medicine. ...

In the course of his career Fuchs wrote De Historia Stirpium, which was published in 1542. In honour of Fuchs' work the fuchsia received its name shortly before 1703 by Charles Plumier. It was Plumier who compiled his Nova Plantarum Americanum, which was published in Paris in 1703, based on the results of his plant-finding trip to America in search of new genera. Charles Plumier (April 20, 1646-November 20, 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the genus Plumeria (originally named Plumiera) is named. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a grouping in the classification of living organisms having one or more related and morphologically similar species. ...

The fuchsia was in England in the 18th century when Plumier took some seeds there after his expedition. The species he took was Fuchsia triphylla flore coccinea where specimens appeared in France. This may account for its reference under the name of "Thiles" in the Journal des Obervations Botaniquesin 1725. Thiles was the name by which the plant was known in southern Chile where Plumier discovered it. This writeup is about biological seeds; for other meanings see Seed (disambiguation). ...

Professor Philip Munz, in his A Revision of the Genus Fuchsia, 1793 says, however, that the fuchsia was first introduced into England by a sailor who grew it in a window where it was observed by a nurseryman from Hammersmith, a Mr. Lee, who succeeded in buying it and propagating it for the trade. This was one of the short tubed species such as magellanica or coccinea. Hammersmith is an urban centre in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in West London, England, approximately 5 miles (8km) west of Charing Cross on the north bank of the River Thames. ...

Charles Plumier (1646-1704), discovered the genus ca.1704

This report is further embellished in various publications where Captain Firth, a sailor, brought the plant back to England from one of his trips to his home in Hammersmith where he gave it to his wife. Later on James Lee of St. Johns Wood, nurseryman and an astute businessman, heard of the plant and purchased it for £80. He then propagated as many as possible and sold them to the trade for prices ranging from £10 to £20 each. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Charles Plumier (April 20, 1646-November 20, 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the genus Plumeria (originally named Plumiera) is named. ... James Lee is the name of: James Lee (Canadian politician), a former Prince Edward Island politician James Lee (writer), a Singaporean writer James Lee (25 year old year 11 student) best friend of Trish Category: ...

In the Floricultural Cabinet, 1855, there is a report which varies slightly from the above. Here it says that F. coccinea was given to Kew Garden in 1788 by Captain Firth and that Lee acquired it from Kew. Kew is a place in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in South West London. ...

By this time plant-collecting fever had spread and many species of numerous genera were introduced to England, some living plants, others as seed. The following plants were recorded at Kew: F. lycioides, 1796; F. arborescens, 1824; F. microphylla, 1827; F. fulgens, 1830; F. corymbiflora, 1840; and F. apetala, F. decussata, F. dependens and F. serratifolia in 1843 and 1844, the last four species attributable to Messrs. Veitch of Exeter.

With the increasing numbers of differing species in England plant breeders began to immediately develop hybrids to develop more desirable garden plants. The first recorded experiments date to 1825 as F. arborescens Χ F. macrostemma and F. arborescens X F. coccinea where the quality of the resultant plants was unrecorded. This article is about a biological term. ...

Between 1835 and 1850 there was a tremendous influx to England of both hybrids and varieties, the majority of which have been lost.

In 1848 Monsieur Felix Porcher published the second edition of his book Le Fuchsia son Histoire et sa Culture. This described 520 species. In 1871 in later editions of M. Porchers book reference is made to James Lye who was to become famous as a breeder of fuchsias in England. In 1883 the first book of English fuchsias was published.

Between 1900 and 1914 many of the famous varieties were produced which were grown extensively for Covent Garden market by many growers just outside London. During the period between the world wars, fuchsia-growing slowed down as efforts were made toward crop production until after 1949, where plant and hybrid production resumed on a large scale.^[2] Covent Garden is a district in central London and within the easterly bounds of the City of Westminster. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Further information

There are many national societies and even more local societies throughout the world whose purpose is to encourage the cultivation and hybridisation of the genus Fuchsia. Enthusiasts and beginners alike will find a warm welcome on the British Fuchsia Society website [1].

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Fuchsia

Fuchsia paniculata Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	Fuchsia x hybrida, grafted standard specimen Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1512x2016, 1020 KB) Pictures from Longwood Gardens taken by Raul654 On May 1, 2005. ...	Fuchsia x hybrida, flowers Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2016x1512, 989 KB) Pictures from Longwood Gardens taken by Raul654 On May 1, 2005. ...	Fuchsia sp., flower Download high resolution version (1024x768, 89 KB)Fuchsia This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Fuchsia sp. Flowers, double (more petals than species specimen) Double Fuchsia flowers and buds Taken by Ellen Levy Finch (Elf | Talk) April 2003 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...	Fuchsia x hybrida, flower Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2304 pixel, file size: 4. ...	Fuchsia x hybrida flower, grown in Canada Image File history File links Size of this preview: 790 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (800 × 607 pixel, file size: 122 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Ray A. Akey, http://www. ...	Fuchsia "Moonglow", flowers, grown in California, 2004. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 448 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1712 × 2288 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Blue Eyes Fuchsia flower and buds, grown in a flower pot during the summer of 2007 in Michigan. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2848 × 2134 pixel, file size: 914 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a picture of the Blue Eyes Fuchsia (fuchsia hybrida) in full bloom. ...

References

External links

• Pictures of Fuchsia lycioides and Fuchsia magellanica in Chile.

http://www.findthatfuchsia.info