Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American performers blended soul music, soul jazz and R&B into a rhythmic, danceable new form of music. Funk de-emphasizes melody and harmony, and brings a strong rhythmic groove of electric bass and drums to the foreground. Unlike R&B and soul songs, which had many chord changes, funk songs are often based on an extended vamp on a single chord. This article is about the novel Soul Music. ... For other uses, see Rhythm and blues (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... Psychedelic rock is a style of rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs; especially LSD.[1] by using lyrics that describe dreams and refer to drug use using bizarre sounds created by altering the instruments and vocals with electronic effects such as heavy distortion... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... The electric bass guitar (or electric bass) is a bass stringed instrument played with the fingers by plucking, slapping, popping or using a pick. ... For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ... In a symphony orchestra the horn section is the group of musicians who play the horn (sometimes referred to as the French horn). ... Go-Go is a subgenre of funk music developed in and around Washington, D.C. in the mid and late 1970s. ... P-Funk is an abbreviated, compound name for two bands, Parliament and Funkadelic. ... Afrobeat is a combination of Yoruba music, jazz, Highlife, and funk rhythms, fused with African percussion and vocal styles, popularized in Africa in the 1970s. ... Funkcore is a music genre or movement derived from a fusion of hardcore punk and funk. ... Funk metal is a type of music that incorporates hard-driving heavy metal guitar riffs and the pounding bass rhythms characteristic of funk. ... G-funk, an abbreviation of Gangsta-funk, is a type of hip hop music that emerged from West Coast gangsta rap in the early 1990s. ... This is a list of funk music artists. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... This article is about the novel Soul Music. ... Soul jazz was a development of hard bop which incorporated strong blues and gospel influences in music for small groups featuring keyboards, especially the Hammond organ. ... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ... Rhythmic music and Rhythmic radio, also known as Rhythmic Crossover or Rhythmic Pop, is a term used to describe a certain group of radio stations and the Billboard chart that is compiled based on airplay from those radio stations. ... For other uses, see Dance (disambiguation). ... Look up melody in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Harmony is the use and study of pitch simultaneity, and therefore chords, actual or implied, in music. ... Rhythm (Greek = flow, or in Modern Greek, style) is the variation of the length and accentuation of a series of sounds or other events. ... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ... In Jazz, a vamp is simply a repeating bass figure. ... A chord progression (also chord sequence and harmonic progression or sequence), as its name implies, is a series of chords played in order. ...

Like much of African music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments such as electric guitar, electric bass, Hammond organ, and drums playing interlocking rhythms. Funk bands also usually have a horn section of several saxophones, trumpets, and in some cases, a trombone, which plays rhythmic "shots". In popular music groove, used in the sense of rhythm, is a term for metre and its embellishment by a rhythm section. ... An electric guitar is a type of guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into electrical current, which is then amplified. ... The electric bass guitar (or electric bass) is a bass stringed instrument played with the fingers by plucking, slapping, popping or using a pick. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ... In a symphony orchestra the horn section is the group of musicians who play the horn (sometimes referred to as the French horn). ... The saxophone (colloquially referred to as sax) is a conical-bored instrument of the woodwind family. ... The trumpet is a musical instrument in the brass family. ... The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family. ...

Influential African American funk performers include James Brown, Prince, Sly and the Family Stone, George Clinton, and The Meters. Notable 1970s funk bands included Parliament-Funkadelic, Earth, Wind & Fire, Tower of Power, The Commodores, and Kool & the Gang. Funk music was a major influence on the development of 1970s disco music and funk samples are used in most styles of hip hop music, and it's also the main influence of Go-Go. Its pulse was evident in New wave as well. An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... James Brown, known variously as: Soul Brother Number One, the Godfather of Soul, Mr. ... For another person sometimes known as The Artist, see Michael Haynes III. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician. ... Sly & the Family Stone were an American rock band from San Francisco, California. ... George Clinton (born July 22, 1940) is an American musician and the principal architect of P-Funk. ... The Meters were a band that performed and recorded from the late 1960s until 1977. ... ... Earth, Wind & Fire is a world-renowned American band which fuses different genres of music, formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1969 and is led and founded by Maurice White. ... Tower of Power is a horn-based soul band from Oakland, California. ... The Commodores was a highly successful soul/funk band in the 1970s. ... Kool & the Gang is a highly successful American jazz/R&B/soul/funk/disco group. ... This article is about the music genre. ... Sampling may refer to: Sampling (signal processing), converting a continuous signal into a discrete signal Sampling (music), re-using portions of sound recordings in a piece Sampling (statistics), selection of observations to acquire some knowledge of a statistical population Sampling (case studies), selection of cases for single or multiple case... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Go-Go is a subgenre of funk music developed in and around Washington, D.C. in the mid and late 1970s. ... The term New Wave has been used to describe several movements in art. ...

Characteristics

Funk creates an intense groove by using strong bass guitar riffs and bass lines. Funk was built on Motown recordings, which put bassists such as James Jamerson to the forefront. Like Motown recordings, funk songs used bass lines as the centerpiece of songs. Notable funk bassists include Bootsy Collins, Bernard Edwards, George Porter, Jr., Louis Johnson and Larry Graham of Sly & the Family Stone. Graham is generally credited with inventing the percussive "slap bass technique." Slap bass' mixture of thumb-slapped low notes and finger "popped" high notes allowed the bass to have a drum-like rhythmic role, which became a distinctive element of funk. Some of the best known and most skillful soloists in funk have jazz backgrounds. Trombonist Fred Wesley and saxophonist Maceo Parker are among the most notable musicians in the funk music genre, with both of them working with James Brown, George Clinton and Prince. Groove is a popular music term, used in the sense of rhythm, for meter_(music) and its embellishment by a rhythm section. ... The electric bass guitar (or electric bass) is a bass stringed instrument played with the fingers by plucking, slapping, popping or using a pick. ... Motown Records, Inc. ... James Jamerson (January 29, 1938 - August 2, 1983) was an American musician. ... William Bootsy Collins (born October 26, 1951 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a pioneering funk bassist, singer, and songwriter. ... Bernard Edwards (1953-1996), born in Greenville, North Carolina, was a bass player and record producer, both as a member of Chic and on his own. ... George Porter, Jr. ... The Brothers Johnsons bassist, Louis Johnson (born 13 April 1955, in Los Angeles) is regarded as one of the best bassists of the 20th century. ... Larry Graham on the cover of his 1981 LP Just Be My Lady. ... Sly & the Family Stone was an American rock band from San Francisco, California. ... In music, the term slapping is often used to refer to two different though related playing techniques on the double bass and on the (electric) bass guitar. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Fred Wesley (born 1943) is an American jazz and funk trombonist. ... Maceo Parker (born February 14, 1943) is a noted African American funk and soul jazz saxophone player, best known for his contributions to James Browns distinct sound. ... James Brown, known variously as: Soul Brother Number One, the Godfather of Soul, Mr. ... George Clinton (born July 22, 1940) is an American musician and the principal architect of P-Funk. ... For another person sometimes known as The Artist, see Michael Haynes III. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician. ...

Funk utilized the same extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths. However, unlike bebop jazz, with its dizzying and complex rapid-fire chord changes, funk virtually abandoned chord changes, creating static single chord vamps with little harmonic movement, but with a complex and driving rhythmic feel. Extended chords are tertian chords (built from thirds) or triads with notes extended, or added, beyond the seventh, including all the thirds in between the seventh and the extended note. ... Bebop is a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos and improvisation based on harmonic structure rather than melody. ... The word vamp, Vamp, or VAMP can mean any of the following: Vamp (music), a repeating figure. ...

The chords used in funk songs typically imply a dorian or mixolydian mode as opposed to the major or natural minor tonalities of most popular music. Melodic content was derived by mixing these modes with the blues scale. In the 1970s, jazz music drew upon funk to create a new subgenre of jazz-funk, which can be heard in 1970s recordings by Miles Davis and Herbie Hancock. Due to historical confusion, Dorian mode can refer to two very different musical modes or diatonic scales. ... The Mixolydian mode is a musical mode or diatonic scale. ... In music, a scale is an ordered series of musical intervals, which, along with the key or tonic, define the pitches. ... In music, a pentatonic scale is a notes per octave. ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... Herbert Jeffrey Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an Academy Award and multiple Grammy Award-winning jazz pianist and composer from Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Hancock is one of jazz musics most important and influential pianists and composers. ...

In funk bands, guitarists typically play in a percussive style, often using the wah-wah sound effect and muting the notes in their riffs to create a percussive sound. Guitarist Ernie Isley of The Isley Brothers and Eddie Hazel of Funkadelic were influenced by Jimi Hendrix's improvised, other-worldly solos. Eddie Hazel, who worked with George Clinton, is one of the most notable guitar soloists in funk. Ernie Isley was tutored at an early age by Jimi Hendrix himself, when the man was a part of The Isley Brothers backing band and lived in the attic temporarily at the Isleys' household. Jimmy Nolen and Phelps Collins are famous funk rhythm guitarists who both worked with James Brown. This article is about the effect pedal, also known as a Wah. ... Ernie Isley (born on March 7, 1952 in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) is currently a member of the legendary family music group, The Isley Brothers, a legendary rock guitarist and drummer and was important to the Isleys development from one of the pioneering R&B groups of the day to... The Isley Brothers (IPA: ) are an African-American music group from Cincinnati, Ohio, who hold the record for being the longest-running charted group in music history. ... Eddie Hazel (April 10, 1950 – December 23, 1992) was a pioneering guitarist in early funk music in the United States. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Parliament-Funkadelic. ... Jimi Hendrix (November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American guitar virtuoso, singer and songwriter. ... Jimmy Nolen (April 3, 1934 — December 18 1983) is an American guitarist known for his distinctive chicken scratch rhythm guitar playing in James Browns bands. ... Catfish Collins (born Phelps Collins) is a rhythm guitarist mostly known for his work in the P-Funk collective. ...

History

Origin of funk

Look up funk in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The word "funk", once defined in dictionaries as body odour or the smell of sexual intercourse, commonly was regarded as coarse or indecent. African-American musicians originally applied "funk" to music with a slow, mellow groove, then later with a hard-driving, insistent rhythm because of the word's association with sexual intercourse. This early form of the music set the pattern for later musicians.^[1] Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...

The music was slow, sexy, loose, riff-oriented and danceable. Funky typically described these qualities. In jam sessions, musicians would encourage one another to "get down" by telling one another, "Now, put some stank ("stink"/funk) on it!" At least as early as 1907, jazz songs carried titles such as Buddy Bolden's "Funky Butt." In the mid-1950s Little Richard and his saxophone-studded road band were the first to inject funk in the Rock n Roll beat, according to James Brown and others.^[2] When Little Richard abruptly left Rock n Roll for born-again Christianity and the ministry, members of his band joined with James Brown and the Famous Flames, which led to the development of funk into a distinct genre in the 1960s.^[3] As late as the 1950s and early 1960s, when "funk" and "funky" were used increasingly in the context of soul music, the terms still were considered indelicate and inappropriate for use in polite company. Riff is also an alternate spelling of Rif, a region of Morocco. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Buddy Bolden Charles Buddy Bolden (September 6, 1877 – November 4, 1931) was a cornetist and the first New Orleans jazz musician to come to prominence. ... Richard Wayne Penniman (born December 5, 1932), better known by the stage name Little Richard, is an African-American singer, songwriter, and pianist, who began performing in the 1940s and recording from 1951. ...

The distinctive characteristics of African-American musical expression are rooted in West African musical traditions, and find their earliest expression in spirituals, work chants/songs, praise shouts, gospel and blues. In more contemporary music, gospel, blues and blues extensions and jazz often flow together seamlessly. Funky music is an amalgam of soul music, soul jazz and R&B.  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... This article is about the novel Soul Music. ... Soul jazz was a development of hard bop which incorporated strong blues and gospel influences in music for small groups featuring keyboards, especially the Hammond organ. ... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ...

James Brown and funk as a genre

By mid-1960s, James Brown had developed his signature groove that emphasized the downbeat – with heavy emphasis "on the one" (the first beat of every measure) – to etch his distinctive sound, rather than the backbeat that was familiar to many R&B and soul musicians.^[4] Brown often cued his band with the command "On the one!," changing the percussion emphasis/accent from the one-two-three-four backbeat of traditional soul music to the one-two-three-four downbeat – but with an even-note syncopated guitar rhythm (on quarter notes two and four) featuring a hard-driving, repetitive brassy swing. This one-three beat launched the shift in Brown's signature funk music style, starting with his 1964 hit single, "Out of Sight" and his 1965 hit, "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag." For other persons named James Brown, see James Brown (disambiguation). ... Downbeat can have several meanings: // In Music Theory In music performance and music theory, the downbeat is also the first beat of a measure in music. ... In music a back beat (also called the, or a, backbeat) is a term applied to the beats 2 and 4 in a 4/4 bar or a 12/8 bar [1] as opposed to the odd downbeat, (quarter beat 1). ... In music, syncopation is when a stressing of a normally unstressed beat in a bar or failure to sound a tone on an accented beat occurs. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Papas Got a Brand New Bag is a 1965 recording by James Brown. ...

Brown's innovations pushed the funk music style further to the forefront with releases such as "Cold Sweat" (1967), "Mother Popcorn" (1969) and "Get Up (I Feel Like Being A) Sex Machine" (1970), discarding even the twelve bar blues featured in his earlier music. Instead, Brown's music was overlaid with "catchy, anthemic vocals" based on "extensive vamps" in which he also used his voice as "a percussive instrument with frequent rhythmic grunts and with rhythm-section patterns ... [resembling] West African polyrhythms."^[5] Throughout his career, Brown's frenzied vocals, frequently punctuated with screams and grunts, channeled the "ecstatic ambiance of the black church" in a secular context.^[5] Although "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" and "Cold Sweat" were widely credited as the prototype songs that launched the funk genre, "Out of Sight" was the breakthrough hit that signaled the shift in Brown's sound to establish funk as a distinct genre.^[6] For the 1970 film starring Charles Bronson see Cold Sweat (1970 film) Cold Sweat is a song performed by James Brown and written by his bandleader Alfred Pee Wee Ellis. ... Mother Popcorn (sometimes subtitled (You Got to Have a Mother for Me)) is a song recorded by James Brown and released as a two-part single in 1969. ... Get Up (I Feel Like Being A) Sex Machine (also known as just Sex Machine) is a song recorded by James Brown in 1970 and released as a two-part single on King Records. ...

In a 1990 interview, Brown offered his reason for switching the rhythm of his music: "I changed from the upbeat to the downbeat ... Simple as that, really."^[7] According to Maceo Parker, Brown's former saxophonist, playing on the downbeat was at first hard for him and took some getting used to. Reflecting back to his early days with Brown's band, Parker reported that he had difficulty playing "on the one" during solo performances, since he was used to hearing and playing with the accent on the second beat.^[8] Maceo Parker (born February 14, 1943) is a noted African American funk and soul jazz saxophone player, best known for his contributions to James Browns distinct sound. ...

Other musical groups picked up on the riffs, rhythms, and vocal style developed by James Brown and his band, and the style began to grow. Dyke & the Blazers based in Phoenix, Arizona, released "Funky Broadway" in 1967, perhaps the first record to have "funky" in the title. Meanwhile, on the West Coast, Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band were releasing funk tracks beginning with their first album in 1967, culminating in their classic single "Express Yourself" in 1970. Riff is also an alternate spelling of Rif, a region of Morocco. ... Dyke & the Blazers were an American funk band. ... Nickname: Location in Maricopa County and the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country State Counties Maricopa Incorporated February 25, 1881 Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Phil Gordon (D) Area  - City  515. ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... Charles Wright (born in 1940 in Clarksdale, Mississippi) & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band is a pioneering soul and funk band. ...

The Meters defined funk in New Orleans, starting with their Top Ten R&B hits "Sophisticated Cissy" and "Cissy Strut" in 1969. Another group who would define funk in the decade to come were The Isley Brothers, whose funky 1969 #1 R&B hit, "It's Your Thing", signaled a breakthrough in African-American music, bridging the gaps of the rock of Jimi Hendrix and the upbeat soul of Sly & the Family Stone and Mother's Finest. The Meters were a band that performed and recorded from the late 1960s until 1977. ... NOLA redirects here. ... The Isley Brothers (IPA: ) are an African-American music group from Cincinnati, Ohio, who hold the record for being the longest-running charted group in music history. ... Its Your Thing was a very successful single for the Isley Brothers when it was released in 1969. ... Jimi Hendrix (November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American guitar virtuoso, singer and songwriter. ... Sly & the Family Stone was an American rock band from San Francisco, California. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

1970s and P-Funk

In the 1970s, a Jeff Fields who formed a new group of musicians further developed the "funk rock" approach innovated by George Clinton, with his main bands Parliament and, later, Funkadelic. Together, they produced a new kind of funk sound heavily influenced by jazz and psychedelic rock. The two groups had members in common and often are referred to singly as "Parliament-Funkadelic." The breakout popularity of Parliament-Funkadelic gave rise to the term "P-Funk," which referred to the music by George Clinton's bands, and defined a new subgenre. George Clinton (born July 22, 1940) is an American musician and the principal architect of P-Funk. ... Parliament was originally The Parliaments, a doo-wop group based out of George Clintons Plainfield, New Jersey barber shop. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Parliament-Funkadelic. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Psychedelic rock is a style of rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs; especially LSD.[1] by using lyrics that describe dreams and refer to drug use using bizarre sounds created by altering the instruments and vocals with electronic effects such as heavy distortion... P-Funk is an abbreviated, compound name for two bands, Parliament and Funkadelic. ...

George Clinton with rainbow dreads at the VH1 Fashion Awards.

"P-funk" also came to mean something in its quintessence, of superior quality, or sui generis, as in the lyrics from "P-Funk," a hit single from Parliament's album "Mothership Connection": This work is copyrighted. ... This work is copyrighted. ... Dreadlocks, sometimes called simply locks or dreads, are matted ropes of hair which will form by themselves if the hair is allowed to grow naturally without the use of brushes, combs, razors or scissors for a long period of time. ... VH1 (VH-1: Video Hits One until 1994) is an American cable television channel that was created in January 1985 by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and owners of MTV. VH1 and sister channel MTV are currently part of the MTV Networks division...

I want the bomb. I want the P-Funk. I want my funk uncut.

The 1970s was probably the era of highest mainstream visibility for funk music. Other prominent funk bands of the period included The Brothers Johnson, Earth, Wind & Fire, Bootsy's Rubber Band, The Meters, Tower of Power, Ohio Players, The Commodores, War, Kool & the Gang, Confunkshun, Slave, Cameo, the Bar-Kays, Zapp, and many more. George Clinton also played a masterminding role in Bootsy's Rubber Band and several other bands he put together, including Parlet, the Horny Horns, and the Brides of Funkenstein, all part of the P-Funk conglomerate. The Brothers Johnson is a band consisting of the musicians George Johnson (Lightnin Licks) and Louis Johnson (Thunder Thumbs). After touring with various artists like Bobby Womack and Billy Preston, Quincy Jones hired them for a tour in Japan and produced their debut LP Look out for Number 1, released... Earth, Wind & Fire is a world-renowned American band which fuses different genres of music, formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1969 and is led and founded by Maurice White. ... Bootsys Rubber Band was a P-Funk spinoff, led by pioneering bassist Bootsy Collins. ... The Meters were a band that performed and recorded from the late 1960s until 1977. ... Tower of Power is a horn-based soul band from Oakland, California. ... The Ohio Players are a funk and R&B band whose heyday was in the mid- to late 1970s. ... The Commodores was a highly successful soul/funk band in the 1970s. ... War was a multiracial, multicultural American funk band of the 1970s from Southern California, known for the hit songs Low Rider and Why Cant We Be Friends?. Formed in 1969, War was the first and most successful musical crossover, fusing elements of rock, funk, jazz, Latin music, R&B... Kool & the Gang is a highly successful American jazz/R&B/soul/funk/disco group. ... Con Funk Shun was one of the most popular funk bands of the 1970s and 1980s, with several hit records including Ffun, a Billboard magazine #1 With A Bullet Top Soul Single. ... Audio samples: Watching you (1980) ( file info) — Watching You from the album Stone Jam, which hit the Pop charts at the 78th place and 6th on Black singles chart, and is a good example for Ohio funk. ... Cameos latest album cover: The Definitive Collection Cameo is a funk, R&B and dance group, best known for the 1986 hit Word Up!. Their lead singer is Larry Blackmon. ... The Bar-Kays are a popular soul, R&B, and funk group which began performing in 1966 and continue to perform today, although with only one original member. ... Zapp (also known as the Zapp Band) was a soul and funk band formed in 1978 by brothers Roger Troutman , Larry Troutman, Lester Troutman, and Terry Troutman, and also included Bobby Glover, Eddie Barber, Jannetta Boyce, Jerome Derrickson, Sherman Fleetwood, Gregory Jackson, and Michael Warren. ... Parlet was a female spinoff group from P-Funk formed by veteran background vocalists Mallia Franklin, Jeanette Washington and Debbie Wright. ...

Already, in late 1960s, many jazz musicians — among them Horace Silver, Herbie Hancock (with his Headhunters band), Grover Washington, Jr., and Cannonball Adderley, Les McCann and Eddie Harris — had begun to combine jazz and funk. Sometimes this approach is called "jazz-funk". Additionally, in the late 1960s work of Miles Davis (with girlfriend/wife Betty Davis) and Tony Williams helped to create Jazz fusion and influenced funk. Horace Ward Martin Tavares Silver, born on September 2, 1928 in Norwalk, Connecticut) is a famous jazz pianist and composer born to a Cape Verdean father (of mixed Portuguese-black descent) and a mother of Irish and African descent. ... Herbert Jeffrey Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an Academy Award and multiple Grammy Award-winning jazz pianist and composer from Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Hancock is one of jazz musics most important and influential pianists and composers. ... The Headhunters are a popular jazz-funk fusion band, best known for their albums they recorded as a backing band of jazz keyboard player Herbie Hancock during the 1970s. ... Grover Washington, Jr. ... Julian Edwin Cannonball Adderley (September 15, 1928 – August 8, 1975), originally from Tampa, Florida, was a jazz alto saxophonist of the small combo era of the 1950s and 1960s. ... Les McCann (September 23, 1935, Lexington, KY) is jazzman who saw a great of success as a crossover artist. ... Eddie Harris (October 20, 1934–November 5, 1996), was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. ... Jazz-funk is a sub-genre of jazz music characterized by a strong back beat, electrified sounds. ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... For the actress, see Bette Davis, for the meteorologist, see Betty Davis (meteorologist). ... Tony Williams (December 12, 1945 – February 23, 1997) was an African American jazz drummer. ... Jazz fusion (or jazz-rock fusion or fusion) is a musical genre that merges elements of jazz with other styles of music, particularly pop, rock, folk, reggae, funk, metal, country, R&B, hip hop, electronic music and world music. ...

Funk music was exported to Africa in the late 1960s, and melded with African singing and rhythms to form Afrobeat. Fela Kuti was a Nigerian musician who is credited with creating the music and terming it "Afrobeat". Afrobeat is a combination of Yoruba music, jazz, Highlife, and funk rhythms, fused with African percussion and vocal styles, popularized in Africa in the 1970s. ... Fela Anikulapo Kuti (born Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti, October 15, 1938 - August 2, 1997), or simply Fela, was a Nigerian multi-instrumentalist musician and composer, pioneer of Afrobeat music, human rights activist, and political maverick. ...

Disco music owed a great deal to funk. Many early disco songs and performers came directly from funk-oriented backgrounds. Some disco music hits, for example "Le Freak" by Chic, included riffs or rhythms very similar to funk music. This article is about the music genre. ... CHIC is an American band that was formed in 1975/1976 by guitarist Nile Rodgers and bassist Bernard Edwards. ...

1980s and stripped-down funk

In the 1980s, many of the core elements that formed the foundation of the P-Funk formula began to be usurped by electronic machines and synthesizers. Horn sections of saxophones and trumpets were replaced by synth keyboards, and the horns that remained were given simplified lines, and few horn solos. The classic keyboards of funk, like the Hammond B3 organ and the Fender Rhodes piano began to be replaced by the new digital synthesizers such as the Yamaha DX7. Electronic drum machines began to replace the "funky drummers" of the past, and the slap and pop style of bass playing were often replaced by synth keyboard bass lines. As well, the lyrics of funk songs began to change from suggestive double entendres to more graphic and sexually explicit content. For other uses, see Synthesizer (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Hammond organ. ... A Rhodes piano A Rhodes piano is an electromechanical musical instrument, a brand of electric piano. ... The Yamaha DX7 was a synthesizer manufactured by the Yamaha Corporation from 1983 to 1986, based on FM synthesis developed by John Chowning. ... A Boss DR-202 Drum Machine Drum machines are sequencers with a synthesizer, sampler, and/or a sample playback (rompler) component that is tailored to imitate the sounds of drums and other percussion instruments. ... The funky drummer break is one of the most used sampled drum loops in hip-hop and drum and bass music, together with the Amen break, which is more related to drum-and-bass. ... In music, the term slapping is often used to refer to two different though related playing techniques on the double bass and on the (electric) bass guitar. ... A double entendre is a figure of speech similar to the pun, in which a spoken phrase can be understood in either of two ways. ...

Rick James was the first funk musician of the 1980s to assume the funk mantle dominated by P-Funk in the 1970s. His 1981 album Street Songs with the singles "Give It To Me Baby" and "Super Freak" resulted in James becoming a bit of a rock star, and paved the way for the future direction of explicitness in funk. Queen's first funk song, "Another One Bites the Dust", led the band in new direction from its hard rock roots. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Street songs is also a seminal 1981 Rick James album. ... Super Freak is a 1981 hit single, produced and performed by Rick James for the Motown label. ... Queen are an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist Brian May, singer Freddie Mercury and drummer Roger Taylor, with bassist John Deacon joining the following year. ... Another One Bites the Dust is a 1980 funk/rock song from the English rock band Queen, written by bassist John Deacon and was a worldwide crossover hit (hitting number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, hitting #2 on the R&B charts, and the Disco Top 100). ... “Hard Rock” redirects here. ...

Prince used a stripped-down instrumentation similar to Rick James, and went on to have as much of an impact on the sound of funk as any one artist since James Brown. Prince combined eroticism, technology, an increasing musical complexity, and an outrageous image and stage show to ultimately create a musical world as ambitious and imaginative as P-Funk or The Beatles. The Time, originally conceived as an opening act for Prince and based on his "Minneapolis sound", hybrid mixture of funk, rock, pop, R&B & new wave. They went on to define their own style of stripped-down funk based on tight musicianship and sexual themes. For another person sometimes known as The Artist, see Michael Haynes III. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... James Brown, known variously as: Soul Brother Number One, the Godfather of Soul, Mr. ... For another person sometimes known as The Artist, see Michael Haynes III. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... The Time is a funk and dance-pop ensemble formed in 1981. ... For another person sometimes known as The Artist, see Michael Haynes III. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician. ... The Minneapolis sound is a hybrid mixture of funk, rock, pop, R&B & new wave that was masterminded by Prince in the late 1970s. ... Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles, however saxophones have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since the 90s. ... Depending on context, pop music is either an abbreviation of popular music or, more recently, a term for a sub-genre of it. ... Bold text New Wave in the late 1970s and early 1980s was inspired by the punk rock. ...

Bands that began during the 1970s P-Funk era incorporated some of the uninhibited sexuality of Prince and state-of-the-art technological developments to continue to craft funk hits. Cameo, Zapp, The Gap Band, The Bar-Kays, and The Dazz Band all found their biggest hits in the 80s, but by the latter half of the 80s, funk had lost its commercial impact. For another person sometimes known as The Artist, see Michael Haynes III. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician. ... Cameos latest album cover: The Definitive Collection Cameo is a funk, R&B and dance group, best known for the 1986 hit Word Up!. Their lead singer is Larry Blackmon. ... Zapp (also known as the Zapp Band) was a soul and funk band formed in 1978 by brothers Roger Troutman , Larry Troutman, Lester Troutman, and Terry Troutman, and also included Bobby Glover, Eddie Barber, Jannetta Boyce, Jerome Derrickson, Sherman Fleetwood, Gregory Jackson, and Michael Warren. ... The Gap Band are a U.S. R&B, funk and soul music group who rose to fame during the 1970s and 1980s with their heavily-charged dance anthems and their sentimental and ethereal love songs. ... The Bar-Kays are a popular soul, R&B, and funk group which began performing in 1966 and continue to perform today, although with only one original member. ... The Dazz Band was a funk music band based in Cleveland, Ohio that enjoyed brief popularity in the United States in the early 1980s. ...

Afrika Bambaataa, influenced by Kraftwerk, created "Electro Funk", a minimalist machine-driven style of funk with his single "Planet Rock" in 1982. Also known simply as Electro, this style of funk was driven by synthesizers and the electronic rhythm of the TR-808 drum machine. The single "Renegades of Funk" followed in 1983. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Kraftwerk (pronounced [], German for power station) is a German musical group from Düsseldorf that has made key contributions to the development of improvisational rock and electronic music, most notably within the latter categorys sub-genres which later became known as synthpop, electro, techno, house and IDM. Early musical... Electro, short for electro funk (also known as robot hip hop and Electro hop) is an electronic style of hip hop directly influenced by Kraftwerk and funk records (unlike earlier rap records which were closer to disco). ... Electro, short for electro funk (also known as robot hip hop and Electro hop) is an electronic style of hip hop directly influenced by Kraftwerk and funk records (unlike earlier rap records which were closer to disco). ... Roland TR-808 Introduced in late 1980, the Roland TR-808 was one of the first programmable drum machines. ...

Recent developments

While funk was all but driven from the radio by slick commercial R&B and New Jack Swing, its influence continued to spread. Rock bands began adding elements of Funk to their sound, creating new combinations of "funk rock" and funk metal. Red Hot Chili Peppers, Living Colour, Jane's Addiction, Prince, Primus, Fishbone, Faith No More, Incubus and Rage Against the Machine spread the approach and styles garnered from funk pioneers to new audiences in the mid-to-late 1980s and the 1990s. These bands later inspired the underground mid-1990s funkcore movement and current funk-inspired artists like Outkast, The Black Eyed Peas, and Van Hunt. For other uses, see Rhythm and blues (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Funk-rock is a music genre that fuses funk and rock elements. ... Funk metal is a type of music that incorporates hard-driving heavy metal guitar riffs and the pounding bass rhythms characteristic of funk. ... Red Hot Chili Peppers is an American alternative rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1983. ... Living Colour is a hard rock band formed in New York City in 1983 by Vernon Reid. ... Janes Addiction was an American rock band featuring Perry Farrell (vocalist), Dave Navarro (guitarist), Eric Avery (bassist), and Stephen Perkins (percussionist). ... For another person sometimes known as The Artist, see Michael Haynes III. Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7, 1958 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician. ... For other uses, see Primus. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Faith No More was an experimental alternative rock group that formed in San Francisco, California in 1982 and disbanded in 1998. ... Incubus (IPA: /ɪŋkjubəs/) is a five-piece American alternative rock band based out of Calabasas, California. ... Rage Against the Machine (also Rage and RATM) is a Grammy Award-winning American rock band, noted for their blend of hip hop, heavy metal, punk and funk as well as their revolutionary politics and lyrics. ... Funkcore is a music genre or movement derived from a fusion of hardcore punk and funk. ... OutKast is a Grammy award winning American hip hop duo based out of East Point, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta, Georgia. ... The Black Eyed Peas is an American hip-hop group from Los Angeles, California, who have enjoyed worldwide pop success. ... Van Hunt (born March 8, 1977) is a Grammy award-winning, American R&B/neo soul singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. ...

In the 1990s, artists like Me'shell Ndegeocello and the (predominantly UK-based) Acid jazz movement including artists and bands such The Brand New Heavies, Incognito, Omar and Jamiroquai carried on with strong elements of funk. However, they never came close to reaching the commercial success of funk in its heyday, with the exception of Jamiroquai whose album Travelling without Moving sold about 11.5 million units worldwide, making it the best selling funk album of all time. Meshell Ndegeocello (born Michelle Lynn Johnson on August 29, 1968 in Berlin, Germany) is an American singer, rapper, bassist, and multi-instrumentalist. ... Acid jazz (sometimes groove jazz) is a musical genre that combines jazz influences with elements of soul music, funk, disco and hip hop. ... The Brand New Heavies are an acid jazz and funk group formed in 1985 in Ealing, a suburb of London, England. ... Incognito is a British band, widely regarded as one of the key members of the acid jazz movement. ... Omar Lye-Fook (a. ... Jamiroquai (A portmanteau of Jam and iroquai, loosely based on the native American Indian tribe the Iroquois) is a Grammy Award-winning English funk / soul / disco band. ... Jamiroquai (A portmanteau of Jam and iroquai, loosely based on the native American Indian tribe the Iroquois) is a Grammy Award-winning English funk / soul / disco band. ... Traveling without Moving is the third album by Jamiroquai. ...

In the 2000s hip hop artists regularly sample old funk tunes. James Brown is said to be the most sampled artist in the history of hip hop. while P-Funk is the second most sampled artist; samples of old Parliament and Funkadelic songs formed the basis of West Coast G Funk. Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... This article is about reusing existing sound recordings in creating new works. ... James Brown, known variously as: Soul Brother Number One, the Godfather of Soul, Mr. ... Parliament was originally The Parliaments, a doo-wop group based out of George Clintons Plainfield, New Jersey barber shop. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Parliament-Funkadelic. ... In the 1980s, hip hop music began to break into the mainstream of the United States. ... G-funk (Gangsta-funk or Ghetto-funk) is a type of hip hop music that emerged from West Coast gangsta rap in the early 1990s. ...

Original beats that feature funk-styled bass or rhythm guitar riffs are also not uncommon. Dr. Dre (considered the progenitor of the G-Funk genre) has freely acknowledged to being heavily influenced by George Clinton's psychedelic funk: "Back in the 70s that's all people were doing: getting high, wearing Afros, bell-bottoms and listening to Parliament-Funkadelic. That's why I called my album The Chronic and based my music and the concepts like I did: because his shit was a big influence on my music. Very big".[7] Digital Underground was a large contributor to the rebirth of funk in the 1990s by educating their listeners with knowledge about the history of funk and its artists. George Clinton branded Digital Underground as "Sons of the P", as their second full length release is also titled. DU's first release, Sex Packets, was full of funk samples, with the most widely known "The Humpty Dance" sampling Parliament's "Let's Play House". A very strong funk album of DU's was their 1996 release Future Rhythm. This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... G-funk, an abbreviation of Gangsta-funk, is a type of hip hop music that emerged from West Coast gangsta rap in the early 1990s. ... Back cover The Chronic is the highly influential debut album from American rap producer Dr. Dre, released in 1992. ... Digital Underground is an alternative rap group hailing from Oakland, California. ... Sons Of The P is the second album from rap group, Digital Underground. ... Sex Packets is debut album from 90s rap group, Digital Underground. ... Digital Underground is an alternative rap group hailing from Oakland, California. ... Future Rhythm is the fourth album from rap group, Digital Underground. ...

Funk is a major element of certain artists identified with the Jam band scene of the late 1990s and 2000s. Phish began playing funkier jams in their sets around 1996, and 1998's The Story of the Ghost was heavily influenced by funk. Medeski Martin & Wood, Robert Randolph & The Family Band, Galactic, Soulive, and Karl Denson's Tiny Universe all drawing heavily from the funk tradition. Karl Denson's Tiny Universe members have also pioneered a modernized version of the Funk sound with their "Funktronica" group BLUSIRKUT that maintains the syncopated rhythms, thick bass line, rhythm-oriented horn sections, prominent percussion, danceability of strong jazz influences - blending it with current technology to add electronic based elements and soundscapes (the instruments have become interchangeable - i.e. bass lines and percussion can now be performed by the trumpet and effects processing). The term jam band is commonly used to describe psychedelic rock-influenced bands whose concerts largely consist of bands reinterpreting their songs as springboards into extended improvisational pieces of music. ... This article is about the band. ... The Story of Ghost is the ninth studio album by the legendary jam band Phish. ... Medeski Martin & Wood (or MMW) is a US jazz trio originally formed in 1991, consisting of John Medeski on keyboards, Billy Martin on drums and percussion, and Chris Wood on double bass and bass guitar. ... Robert Randolph & the Family Band is a multicultural American funk and soul band composed of Robert Randolph, Marcus Randolph (drums), Danyel Morgan (bass) and Jason Crosby (organ). ... Galactic is a funk and jazz group from New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. ... Soulive is a jazz trio that originated in Woodstock, New York, and is known for its ripping solos and catchy, upbeat songs. ... Karl Densons Tiny Universe is a jazz/funk/rock group from San Diego. ... Karl Densons Tiny Universe is a jazz/funk/rock group from San Diego. ... Funktronica (sometimes electro-funk or Nu Funk) was coined in the early 2000s to refer to styles which combine funk beats and sometimes jazz instrumentation with electronic music. ... The trumpet is a musical instrument in the brass family. ...

Since the mid 1990s the nu-funk scene, centered around the Deep Funk collectors scene, is producing new material influenced by the sounds of rare funk 45's. Labels include Desco, Soul Fire, Daptone, Timmion, Neapolitan, Kay-Dee, and Tramp. Bands include Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings, The Soul Destroyers, Speedometer, The Poets of Rhythm, The Neapolitans, Quantic Soul Orchestra, The New Mastersounds and Lefties Soul Connection. These labels often release on 45 rpm records. Although specializing in music for rare funk DJ's, there has been some crossover into the mainstream music industry, such as Sharon Jones' 2005 appearance on Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Nu-funk is a modern day form of the 1970s musical genre funk. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Daptone Records is a Funk and Soul independent record label formed by Gabriel Roth and Neal Sugarman and based in Brooklyn, New York. ... Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings, moers festival 2007 Sharon Jones & the Dap-Kings are a funk/soul band. ... The New Mastersounds are a four-piece funk band based in Leeds, England. ... Late Night with Conan OBrien is an American late night talk show that is syndicated worldwide. ...

In the early 2000s, some punk funk bands such as Out Hud perform in the indie music scene. Prince, with his recent albums has given a rebirth to the funk sound with songs like "The Everlasting Now", "Musicology (song)" and "Black Sweat". In 2003, Columbus, Ohio funk artist Jason Dodson formed The New Funk Order,[8] an online musician's community that has featured many artists and has helped to promote funk music. Funk band Freekbass from Cincinnati, Ohio performs funk. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Out Hud was an electronic dance rock band formed in 1996 in the Bay Area of California and later based in New York City. ... In popular music, indie music (from independent) is any of a number of genres, scenes, subcultures and stylistic and cultural attributes, characterised by perceived independence from commercial pop music and mainstream culture and an autonomous, do-it-yourself (DIY) approach. ... Musicology is a 2004 song by Prince, and title song from the album Musicology. ... Black Sweat is a single by Prince, from his 2006 album 3121. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State Counties Franklin, Delaware, and Fairfield Government  - Mayor Michael B. Coleman (D) Area  - City  212. ... Jason Michael Dodson, Sr. ... Jason Michael Dodson, Sr. ... “Cincinnati” redirects here. ...

Citations

See also

• List of funk musicians
• African American music

This is a list of funk music artists. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Notes

1. ^ funk, funky The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000. [1]
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ [3]
4. ^ Lessons in listening - Concepts section: Fantasy, Earth Wind & Fire, The Best of Earth Wind & Fire Volume I, Freddie White. (1998, January). Modern Drummer Magazine, pp. 146–152. Retrieved January 21, 2007.
5. ^ ^{a b} Collins, W. (2002, January 29). James Brown. St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Retrieved January 12, 2007.
6. ^ Jones, S. (2006, December 25). "Godfather of Soul" James Brown dies at 73. USAToday. Retrieved March 27, 2007.
7. ^ Pareles, J. (2006, December 26). James Brown, the "Godfather of Soul" dies at 73. The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2007.
8. ^ Gross, T. (1989). Musician Maceo Parker (Fresh Air WHYY-FM audio interview). National Public Radio. Retrieved January 22, 2007.

Further reading

• Vincent, Rickey (1996). Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-13499-1. 
• Thompson, Dave (2001). Funk. Backbeat Books. ISBN 0-87930-629-7.