NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Fur people

The Fur (fòòrà in Fur, فور in Arabic) are a people of the western Sudan, numbering about 0.5 million in 1983[1] and principally inhabiting the region of Darfur. They are a black African people who practice sedentary herding, relying mainly on the cultivation of millet. Their society is a highly traditional one governed by village elders. They speak Fur, a Nilo-Saharan language, and are Muslims, having adopted the religion following the region's conquest by the Kanem-Bornu Empire during the Middle Ages. Some of them have come to speak Arabic in recent years. Image File history File links Map showing the Fur language in Sudan, following Doornbos & Bender, produced from CIA World Factbook maps File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Bandera_Darfur. ... Image File history File links Bandera_Darfur. ... The Fur language (Fur bÃ¨le fÃ²Ã²r or fÃ²Ã²raÅ‹ bÃ¨le, Arabic ÙÙˆØ±Ø§ÙˆÙŠ FÃ»rÃ¢wÃ®; sometimes called Konjara by linguists, after a former ruling clan) is the language of the Fur of Darfur in western Sudan. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... 1983 is an integer and composite number that represents a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Darfur (Arabic: , lit. ... i am vegeta ... Pearl millet in the field The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. ... The Fur language (Fur bÃ¨le fÃ²Ã²r or fÃ²Ã²raÅ‹ bÃ¨le, Arabic ÙÙˆØ±Ø§ÙˆÙŠ FÃ»rÃ¢wÃ®; sometimes called Konjara by linguists, after a former ruling clan) is the language of the Fur of Darfur in western Sudan. ... Map showing the distribution of the Nilo-Saharan languages. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... The Kanem-Bornu Empire existed in modern Chad and Nigeria. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ...

The traditional heartland of the Fur is the mountainous region around Jebel Sî and Jebel Marra Wadi Salih and Zaligi; today, however, most of them live in the lower country west and southwest of that area, between 11-14 N and 23-26 E. A few Fur live across the border in Chad. Marrah Mountains (Arabic: Jebel Marra meaning bad mountain) is a range of volcanic peaks rising up to 3,000 m (10,100 ft), in the center of the Darfur region of Sudan. ...

The Furs' lifestyle has led to conflict with the nomadic Baggara, cattle-herders of the region, concerning access to water and grazing land, particularly in Darfur's central Jebel Marra mountains where the best agricultural land is to be found. This has been the source of ethnic tensions for many years, culminating in the Darfur conflict, which began in 2003. The Baggara or Baqqarah (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ù‚Ø§Ø±Ø©) are a nomadic Bedouin people inhabiting Africa from between Lake Chad and the Nile, in the states of Sudan (particularly Darfur), Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria, and the Central African Republic. ... Marrah Mountains (Arabic: Jebel Marra meaning bad mountain) is a range of volcanic peaks rising up to 3,000 m (10,100 ft), in the center of the Darfur region of Sudan. ... Combatants factions of the SLA Justice & Equality Movement Janjaweed Sudan Minnawi-faction of the SLA Commanders SLA: SalaBob and Sulaiman Gamos JEM: Ibrahim Khalil Janjaweed: ? Sudan: Omar al-Bashir SLA: Minni Minnawi Casualties 300,000 civilians killed (est. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Fur established the historical Sultanate of Darfur which governed Darfur for several centuries. It is still the first political powers in the region, as it is the largest ethnic group. One of its members, Abdulwahid Mohammed Nour, established the Sudan Liberation Movement and Army. Most renowned governors of Darfur such as Deriage and Tegani Seisei are members of the Fur. The name of Darfur comes from the name of this tribe, Darfur means the home of the Fur. The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army or Haraka Tahrir Sudan (abbreviated as either SLM or SLA) is a loose association of Sudanese rebel groups who fought against the Janjaweed Arab militiamen and Sudanese government forces in the Darfur conflict. ...

Categories: Ethnic groups in Chad | Ethnic groups in Sudan | Darfur Image File history File links Flag_of_Chad. ... Concern has been expressed that this article or section is missing information about: . This concern has been noted on the talk page where it may be discussed whether or not to include such information. ... NDjamena, Â«ehn JAHM uh nuhÂ», population 721,000 (2005), is the capital of Chad. ... AdrÃ© is an administrative district in Chad. ... Geneina (sometimes Al-Junaynah) is the capital of West Darfur state in Sudan. ... AbÃ©chÃ© is a city in Chad, the capital of OuaddaÃ¯ prefecture. ... Lieutenant General Idriss DÃ©by Itno (born in Fada in 1952) is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. ... Field Marshal Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir (Arabic: Ø¹Ù…Ø± ØØ³Ù† Ø§ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø´ÙŠØ± ; born 1 January 1944) is a Sudanese military leader and politician. ... Muammar Abu Minyar al-Qaddafi 1 â€” pronounced Gaddafi â€” (Arabic: Ù…Ø¹Ù…Ø± Ø§Ù„Ù‚Ø°Ø§ÙÙŠ ) (born c. ... For the stepson of former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein, see Mohammed Nour al-Din Saffi Mohammed Nour founded and led the Chadian rebel group Rally for Democracy and Liberty until it became a subsidiary to the United Front for Democratic Change rebel alliance, led by Nour and formed between December... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Abdelwahit About is the Secretary General of the Chadian rebel group FIDEL and a commander of the United Front for Democratic Change rebel alliance. ... Ahmed Aboul Gheit (Arabic: Ø£ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø£Ø¨Ùˆ Ø§Ù„ØºÙŠØ· )(born June 12, 1942 in Heliopolis) has been the foreign minister of Egypt since July 2004, since the government of Ahmed Nazif took office. ... Alhaji Baba Gana Kingibe is an Ambassador for the AU serving as its Special Representative in the Sudan. ... Zaghawa is an African ethnic group, mainly living in eastern Chad and western Sudan, including the Darfur province of Sudan. ... The Association Tchadienne pour la Promotion et la DÃ©fense des Droits de lHomme or Chadian Association for the Promotion and Defence of Human Rights (abbreviated as ATDPH or ATPDH) is a human rights organization operating in Chad. ... Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (established December 14, 1950) protects and supports refugees at the request of a government or the United Nations and assists in their return or resettlement. ... AMIS soldier (CIDA, 2005) â€œAMISâ€ redirects here. ... Organization for Community Supported Sustainable Agriculture in Chad is a non-profit organization founded in 2003 by 40-year old, Chadian scholar and graduate of Brigham Young University, Toupta Boguena. ... The Petroleum Revenue Oversight and Control Committee or CollÃ¨ge de ContrÃ´le et de Surveillance des Ressources PÃ©troliÃ¨res is a Chadian government watchdog committee in charge of overseeing the governments use of petrol reserves and revenues. ... The Union of Forces for Democracy is the largest group of Chadian rebel forces opposed to current President Idriss Deby. ... The United Front for Democratic Change (officially abbreviated as F.U.C.) is a Chadian rebel alliance, made up of eight individual rebel groups, all with the goals of overthrowing the government of current Chadian President. ... Platform for Change, Unity and Democracy, abbreviated as S.C.U.D., is a Chadian rebel group that was formed in October of 2005 by former members of the Military of Chad who deserted and united under founders and current leaders, 30-year old Yaya Dillo DjÃ©rou and his... The Alliance of Revolutionary Forces of West Sudan was formed on January 20, 2006, when the Justice and Equality Movement and the Sudan Liberation Movement merged to form a single rebel alliance in the Sudanese region of Darfur. ... The Rally for Democracy and Liberty is a Chadian rebel group that was formed in August of 2005 by former members of the Military of Chad. ... The Rally of Democratic Forces (RAFD) is a Chadian rebel group led by Timan Erdimi. ... The National Movement for Reform and Development (NMRD) is a Sudanese rebel group based in the region of Darfur that was formed when it broke away from the Justice and Equality Movement in 2004 because it felt JEM focused to much on the political, rather than the social and economic... A Janjaweed miltiaman mounted The Janjaweed (Arabic: Ø¬Ù†Ø¬ÙˆÙŠØ¯; variously transliterated Janjawid, Janjawed, Jingaweit, Jinjaweed, Janjawiid, Janjiwid, Janjaweit, etc. ... Under President Hissein Habre, members of Gourane, Zaghawa, Kanembou, Hadjerai, and Massa ethnic groups dominated the military of Chad. ... // The territory now known as Chad possesses some of the richest archaeological sites in Africa. ... Sudan combines the lands of several ancient kingdoms. ... Combatants factions of the SLA Justice & Equality Movement Janjaweed Sudan Minnawi-faction of the SLA Commanders SLA: SalaBob and Sulaiman Gamos JEM: Ibrahim Khalil Janjaweed: ? Sudan: Omar al-Bashir SLA: Minni Minnawi Casualties 300,000 civilians killed (est. ... Combatants Rally for Democracy and Liberty and Platform for Change, Unity, and Democracy Chadian citizens Casualties 100-300 Unknown, at least one. ... Combatants Janjaweed Chad loyalists Casualties 0 12 civilian casualties The Battle of Borota took place in Borota, Chad, near the eastern city of Adre, on January 6, 2006. ... The Tripoli Agreement (also known as the Libya Accord or the Tripoli Declaration) was signed on February 8, 2006, by Chadian President Idriss DÃ©by, Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir, and Libyan leader Muammar al-Qaddafi, effectively ending the Chadian-Sudanese conflict that has devastated border towns in eastern... Combatants Janjaweed Chad military Casualties Unknown Unknown The Battle of Amdjereme took place in Amdjereme, Chad on March 6, 2006, only two weeks after Chad and Sudan signed the Tripoli Accord in which the governments of the two nations pledged to end support for rebels operating in their respective countries. ... The Chadian village of Dalola was raided on May 1, 2006, by 150 Janjaweed. ... The 2006 Chad presidential election will take place on May 3. ... Combatants United Front for Democratic Change Chad military Casualties 400 deaths, 387 injured on both sides[1] The Battle of NDjamena describes several battles that have taken place at NDjamena, the capital of Chad. ... On March 15, 2006, a coup dÃ©tat attempt against Chadian President Idriss DÃ©by was foiled. ... Map of Sudan with the Darfur region highlighted. ... The Dakar accord is a peace agreement between Chad and Sudan that is expected to be released to the public on August 9. ...