Nadere Reformatie is a Dutch term that refers to a period of church history in the Netherlands, following the Reformation, from roughly 1600 until 1750. The term is most often translated into English as either "Dutch Second Reformation" or "Further Reformation," with the latter translation being preferred. The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex...

In broad terms, the period and its representatives are known for their desire to apply the principles of the Reformation to their day — their homes, churches, and, indeed, all sectors of Dutch society in the seventeenth and early eighteenth century. In their balance and value of both orthodoxy as well as piety the Nadere Reformatie resembles English Puritanism. In fact, Puritanism had much influence on the Nadere Reformatie. Many Puritan works were translated into Dutch during this time. The Puritans were members of a group of radical Protestants which developed in England after the Reformation. ...

The two leading figures of the period are a professor, Gisbertus Voetius, and a pastor, Wilhelmus a Brakel. Brakel's main work, the Redelijke Godsdienst, an explanation, defense, and application of the Reformed faith, has been translated into English (see below). Gisbertus Voetius (Voet) (March 3, 1589 — November 1, 1676) was a Dutch theologian. ...

While much had been written on the period in Dutch language church historical literature in the past decades, very little can be found in English. Dr. Joel Beeke of the Puritan Reformed Seminary is one of few scholars who has written in English on the subject. Several students of Dr. Richard Muller, professor at Calvin Theological Seminary, have also shown interest in the period. One wrote a dissertation in 2003 on a lesser known, but representative figure from the period, Simon Oomius. For Richard Müller, the German dentist who blew up his wife and car, see Richard Müller (murderer). ... Calvin Theological Seminary is a seminary affiliated with the Christian Reformed Church, located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and very closely tied to Calvin College. ...

Chronological Listing of Notable Representatives of the Further Reformation

• Jean Taffin (1529-1602),
• Guilelmus Amesius (1576-1633),
• Willem Teellinck (1579-1629),
• Godefridus Udemans (1582-1649),
• Gisbertus Voetius (1589-1676),
• Theodorus à Brakel (1608-1669),
• Petrus Wittewrongel (1609-1662),
• Cornelis Gentman (1617-1696),
• Andreas Essenius (1618-1677),
• Jodocus van Lodenstein (1620-1677),
• Franciscus Ridderus (1620-1683),
• Petrus de Witte (1622-1669),
• Willem Sluiter (1627-1673),
• Guiljelmus Saldenus (1627-1694),
• Simon Simonides (1629-1664),
• Petrus van Mastricht (1630-1706),
• Simon Oomius (1630-1706),
• Gregorius Mees (1631-1694),
• Jacobus Koelman (1631-1695),
• Florentius Costerus (1635-1703),
• Hermanus Witsius (1636-1708),
• Wilhelmus à Brakel (1635-1711),
• David Knibbe (1639-1701),
• Melchior Leydekker (1642-1712),
• Abraham Hellenbroek (1658-1731),
• Jacobus Fruytier (1659-1731),
• Bernardus Smytegelt (1665-1739),
• Johan Verschuir (1680-1737),
• Friedrich Adolph Lampe (1683-1729),
• Aegidius Francken (1699-1743),
• Wilhelmus Schortinghuis (1700-1750),
• Theodorus van der Groe (1705-1784),
• Alexander Comrie (1706-1774)

Gisbertus Voetius (Voet) (March 3, 1589 — November 1, 1676) was a Dutch theologian. ...

The Further Reformation on the Internet

• Sources and History of the Nadere Reformatie

Primary Sources in English

Ames, William. The Marrow of Theology. Transl. John Dykstra Eusden (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books, 1997).

Brakel, Wilhelmus a. The Christian's Reasonable Service, 4 vols. Transl. Bartel Elshout (Morgan, Pennsylvania: Soli Deo Gloria Publications, 1992).

Koelman, Jacobus. The Duties of Parents. Trans. John Vriend (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2003).

Taffin, Jean. The Marks of God's Children. Trans. Peter Y. De Jong (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2003).

Teellinck, Willem. The Path of True Godliness. Trans. Annemie Godbehere (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2003).

Voetius, Gisbertus and Johannes Hoornbeeck." Trans. John Vriend and Harry Boonstra (Grand Rapids, Michigan, Baker Academic, 2003).

Witsius, Herman. The Economy of the Covenants Between God and Man 2 vols. Trans. William Crookshank (reprint, Escondido, California: The den Dulk Christian Foundation, 1990).

Witsius, Herman. The Apostles' Creed, 2 vols. Trans. Donald Fraser, 1823 (reprint, Escondido, California: The den Dulk Christian Foundation, 1993).

Witsius, Herman. The Lord's Prayer. Trans. William Pringle, 1839 (reprint, Escondido, California: The den Dulk Christian Foundation, 1994).

Secondary Literature about the Period

Beeke, Joel R. The Quest for Full Assurance: The Legacy of Calvin and His Successors (Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Banner of Truth Trust, 1999).

Beeke, Joel R. “Insights for the Church from the Dutch Second Reformation,” Calvin Theological Journal 28 (1993): 420-424.

Brienen, T., K. Exalto, et al. De Nadere Reformatie: Beschrijving van haar Voornaamste Vertegenwoordigers (‘s-Gravenhage: Uitgeverij Boekcentrum B.V., 1986).

Brienen, T., K. Exalto, et al. De Nadere Reformatie en het Gereformeerd Piëtisme (‘s- Gravenhage: Uitgeverij Boekensentrum B.V., 1989).

Brienen, T., K. Exalto, et al. Theologische Aspecten van de Nadere Reformatie (Zoetermeer: Uitgeverij Boekencentrum B.V., 1993).

de Reuver, Arie. Sweet Communion: Trajectories of Spirituality from the Middle Ages through the Further Reformation. Trans. James A. De Jong (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007).

Elshout, Bartel. The Pastoral and Practical Theology of Wilhelmus à Brakel (Grand Rapids: Reformation Heritage Books, 1997).

Heppe, Heinrich. Geschichte des Pietismus und der Mystik in der Reformirten Kirche, Namentlich der Niederlande (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1879).

Muller, Richard. Scholasticism and Orthodoxy in the Reformed Tradition: An Attempt at Definition (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Calvin Theological Seminary, 1995).

Schuringa, Gregory D. "Embracing Leer and Leven: The Theology of Simon Oomius in the Context of Nadere Reformatie Orthodoxy," (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Ph.D. dissertation, Calvin Theological Seminary, 2003).

van Asselt, W. J. and E. Dekker, eds. De Scholastieke Voetius (Zoetermeer: Boekencentrum, 1995).

van Asselt, W. J. Reformation and Scholasticism: An Ecumenical Enterprise (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2001).

van Lieburg, Fred. From Pure Church to Pious Culture. The Further Reformation in the Seventeenth- Century Dutch Republic In Later Calvinism. International Perspectives, edited by W. Fred Graham (Kirksville, 1994).

van 't Spijker, W., et al. Oude Schrijvers (Houten: Den Hertog, 1997).