The GAPP (geometric-arithmetic parallel processor) was patented by Lockheed Martin and is now owned by Silicon Optix, Inc. In terms of network topology, the GAPP is a mesh-connected array of single bit SIMD processing elements (PEs), where each PE can communicate with its neighbor to the north, east, south, and west. In its most recent incarnation (as of 2004), the systems by Teranex utilize GAPP arrays of up to 294,912 processing elements.